全国职称英语等级考试全真题理工类l.doc

全国职称英语等级考试全真题(理工类)l全国职称英语等级考试全真题(理工类)第一部分 阅读理解 (75分) Passage 1 CATV is a short way of saying community antenna (天线) television. But cable television is the term most people use. Cable television allows viewers to receive TV programs that they cannot pick up with their regular antennas. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习Television signals do not follow the curve (曲线) of the earth. They travel in straight lines in all directions. Signals from a TV station move toward the horizon (水平线) and then go into space. If you live only a few miles from a station, you may not get any picture at all. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习CATV began in 1948. People in places far from TV stations shared the cost of putting up high antennas. A community antenna was usually placed on a hill, a mountain, or on a high tower. The antenna picked up TV signals and fed them into a small local station. From the station, thick wires called cables ran out to nearby homes. Each person using the cable paid a monthly charge. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习CATV worked well, and soon new uses were found for it. Local stations could feed programs into empty channels that were not in use. People along the cable could have local news, weather reports, and farm and school news at no extra charge. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习Today, cable television has moved into cities. It brings in extra programs that city viewers with regular antennas cannot see. It is also used in many classrooms throughout the country. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习1. From the first paragraph we know that _. A. most people use cable television B. community antenna is another name for regular antenna 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 C. a community antenna is used for cable television 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 D. regular antennas cannot pick up TV signals programs 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习2. Of the following, which is NOT the way TV signals travel? 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. In a curve. B. In a straight line. C. In all direction. D. Toward the horizon. 3. Cable TV is becoming more and popular because _. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. it is free of charge B. it can provide more programs C. it provides all TV users good pictures D. TV sets with regular antennas can also have a good reception through CATV 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习4. On the whole, this passage is about _. A. how to put up high antennas B. a way of picking up better TV programs C. how to use the empty channels on your TV set D. the way that TV signals are sent 5. From the passage we can infer that _. A. TV has begun to be used for educational purposes 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 B. there is no charge for CATV C. cable TV cannot be used in mountainous areas D. antennas for cable TV are usually put up in the center of a community 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习Passage 2 In earliest times, men considered lightning to be one of the great mysteries of nature. Some ancient people believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons of the gods. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习In reality, lightning is a flow of electricity formed high above the earth. A single flash of lightning 1.6 kilometers long has enough electricity to light one million light bulbs. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习The American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, was the first to show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752. In the same year he also built the first lightning rod. This device protects buildings from damage by lightning. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习Modern science has discovered that one stroke of lighting contains more than 15 million volts. A spark between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers, and travel at a speed of 30 million meters per second. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习Scientists estimate that there are about 2000 million flashes of lightning per year. Lightning hits the Empire State Building in New York City 30 to 48 times a year. In the United States along it kills an average of one person every day. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习The safest place to be in case of an electrical storm is in a closed car. Outside, one should go to low ground and not get under trees. Also, one should stay out of water and away from metal fences. Inside a house, people should avoid open doorways and windows and not touch wires or metal things. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习With lightning, it is better to be safe than sorry! 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习6. Lightning is really _. A. weapon B. electricity C. light D. mystery 7. People once though that lightning came from _. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. scientists B. ground C. lightning rod D. gods 8. One flash of lightning can produce enough electricity for _ bulbs. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. 10,000 B. 1,000 C. 1,000,000 D. 100 9. Benjamin Franklin _. A. made the first lightning rod B. invented electricity C. built the Empire State Building D. prevented Lightning from hitting cars 10. _ is the best place to be during an electrical storm. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. Swimming pool B. a high ground C. Under a tree D. A car Passage 3 Because of the energy crisis, scientists in the oil-consuming nations have become increasingly interested in the potential(潜在的) of solar energy. Some experts estimate that the present supply of fossil (化石) fuel will not last until the end of the twentieth century. The problem that solar energy researchers face is how to harness (利用) the suns energy effectively and inexpensively. One of the most popular methods currently being tested uses rooftop solar collectors and underground storage tanks. An advantage of a properly working system of this type is that it will not create any environmental pollution. Another advantage of using solar energy is that the cost of the fuel-the suns rays-is zero. When a solar heating system is working at maximum (最大的) efficiency, it can provide up to 80 percent of winter heating needs. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习11. The main topic of this passage is _. A. the shortage of fossil fuel B. the problems that energy researchers face C. an environmental pollution problem D. an inexpensive energy source 12. One popular solar heating system makes use of _. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. roof collectors and underground storage B. fossil fuel conversion C. underground oil tanks D. water collection and evaporation 13. The cost of using the suns rays for heating is _. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. about the same as the cost of fossil fuels B. several hundred dollars per year C. negligible compared with other energy sources D. determined by the severity of the winter 14. Which of the following describes an advantage of using solar energy? 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. There is little or no environmental pollution. B. A large percentage of fuel costs can be saved. C. Fossil fuels will become more plentiful. D. The oil-consuming nations will not have to import oil. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习15. According to some experts, the supply of fossil fuel will not last _. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. one more century B. an indeterminable time C. until the end of this century D. indefinitely 第二部分 完成句子 (25分) 根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。 Not long ago, an airplane was flying over New Zealand. There was a television camera crew on board. Suddenly, out in the night sky, a bright sphere (球体) came into view. Everyone on board saw it and everyone though, UFO-Unidentified Flying Object. The camera crew went into action and started filming. That week people all over the world saw the film of this mysterious light on their television screens. What was it? Was it a spaceship full of visitors from another planet? The captain of the aeroplane and the film crew believed it was. Other observers had many different explanations. Some said it was Venus (金星). Others said it was just a trick of light. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习An air traffic controller also saw it on his radar screen. He thought that a flock of birds was causing dots on his radar screen when the UFO appeared. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习Most astronomers now believe that what these people saw was almost certainly the planet Venus. At that time of year it is very bright and easy to see. And from a moving aeroplane it can appear to be moving fast. So far there is no proof that UFOs or spaceships from other planets do exist. These years investigators of UFOs have investigated thousands of sighting-or occasions when people said they saw a UFO. Ninety per cent of these turned out to have a simple explanation. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习However, its good idea to keep an open mind. Scientists in some countries are trying to persuade their governments to help them study UFOs. And they are planning to cooperate inter-nationally on reporting and investigating sightings of UFOs. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习After all, it is quite possible that there is life out there in the universe. And if something is alive, it is quite possible that it will come to visit us. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习16. The captain and the camera crew believed that UFO was a v spaceship from another planet. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习17. Many o believed that the UFO was Venus. 18. So far there is no proof that UFOs are sp from outer space. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习19. Some scientists in the world are planning to do some r on UFOs. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习20. P life in the universe may try to make a visit to us. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习第三部分 阅读理解 (80分) Passage 1 In recent years, scientific and technological developments have drastically changed human life on our planet, as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of the universe as a whole. Maybe one of the most profound developments of the last decade is the discovery of recombinant DNA technology, which allows scientists to introduce genetic (遗传学的) material (or genes) from one organism into another. In its simplest form, the technology requires the isolation of a piece of DNA, either directly from the DNA of the organism under study, or artificially synthesized from an DNA. This piece of DNA is then ligated (结扎) to a fragment of bacterial DNA which has the capacity to replicate (复制) itself independently. The recombinant molecule thus produced can be introduced into the common intestinal (内部的) bacterium Escherishchia coli, which can be grown in very large amounts in synthetic media. Under proper conditions, the foreign gene will not only replicate in the bacteria, but also express itself, through the process of transcription and translation, to give rise to large amounts of the specific protein coded by the foreign gene. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习The technology has already been successfully applied to the production of several therapeutically (疗法的) important biomolecules, such as, growth hormones, interferon, insulin. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习Many other important applications are under detailed investigation in laboratories throughout the world. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习21. Recombinant DNA technology consists primarily of _. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. producing several therapeutically important biomolecules 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 B. giving rise to large amounts of protein C. introducing genetic material from one organism into another 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 D. using a viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习22. Recombinant DNA technology has been used in the production of all of the following biomolecules except _. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. growth hormones B. Escherishchia coli C. interferon D. insulin 23. Which of the following is not true? A. The foreign gene will replicate in the bacteria, but it will not express itself through transcription and translation. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 B. The bacterium Escherishchia coli can be grown in large amounts in synthetic media. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 C. Research continues in an effort to find other uses for this technology. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 D. Recombinant DNA technology is a recent development. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习24. Expression of a gene in Escherishchia coli requires _. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase B. the processes of transcription and translation C. production of insulin and other biomolecules D. that the bacteria be grown in a synthetic media 25. The term recombinant is used because _. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. by ligation, a recombinant molecule is produced, which has the capacity of replication 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 B. the technique requires the combination of several types of technology 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 C. by ligation, a recombinant protein is produced, part of whose amino acids come from different organism 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 D. Escherishchia coli is a recombinant organism Passage 2 Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic concepts of geometry being learned. Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three - dimensional, it reaches out and begins grasping various kinds of objects. It is then, from perhaps nine to fifteen months, that the concepts of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now ominous (不祥的) development takes place. The nerve fibers in the brain insulate (使隔离) themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very precisely. Soon it picks up language, and it is then brought into direct communication with adults. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of the community into which it has been so unfortunate as to have been born. Nature having done very well by the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now abandons it to the arbitrary conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and numbers, and it will always retain some memory of the early halcyon (平静的) days no matter what vicissitudes (变化) it may suffer later on. The main reservoir of mathematical talent in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old. Children who have just learned to speak fluently. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习26. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The impact of language on mathematics. B. Childrens ability to learn languages. C. How basic concepts of physics are learned. D. Math-learning strategies for babies. 27. According to the passage, which of following activities would teach a baby geometry? 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. Picking up a wooden block. B. Recognizing the number 2. C. Uttering a nonsense word. D. Looking at distant objects. 28. According to the author, at what age does a child probably begin to learn about sets and numbers? 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. Six months. B. Nine months. C. Fifteen months. D. Eighteen months. 29. The use of the word ominous shows that the author believe the childs _. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. linguistic future is threatened B. nerves will deteriorate C. hearing will suffer D. mathematical ability all decline 30. The passage support which of the following conclusions? 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 A. The language concepts used in early education interfere with mathematical reasoning. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 B. It is hopeless to try to teach children mathematics after the age of two. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 C. Language teaching should incorporate some mathematical formulas. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 D. Preschool education should stress societys beliefs and conventions 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习第四部分 概括大意 (20分) 给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习31. The Solar E The sun is the source of most of the heat known to us. As a direct source of heat, the sun maintains life upon this planet, 150 000 000 kilometers distant. It is also an indirect source of heat. Since the earth is derived from the sun, it is the latter that we must trace some of the earths internal heat that reveals itself through volcanoes, geysers (喷泉), and hot springs. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习32. Insects and Surface T An insect is not afraid of gravity, but it is in deadly fear of another force of nature. This force is called surface tension (张力). A man coming out of a bath carries with him a film of water about one fiftieth of an inch in thickness. This weights about a pound. A wet mouse has to carry its own weight in water. A wet fly has to lift many times its own weight, and, as everyone knows, a fly once wetted by water or any other liquid is in a very serious position indeed. An insect going for a drink is in as great danger as a man leaning over the edge of a cliff in search of food. If it once falls into the grip of the surface tension of the water - that is to say, gets wet it is likely to remain so until it drowns. A few insects contrive to be unwettable; the majority keep away from their drink by means of long proboscis (喙). 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习33. T of Boiling Point of Liquids When the temperature of a liquid is raised enough, the liquid boils. This means that bubbles of vapor, containing millions of molecules form below the surface. In order for such bubbles to be produced, the pressure of the vapor inside them must be equal to the pressure of the air upon the surface of the liquid. If the air pressure is greater, the bubble will collapse. The boiling point of a liquid, then, is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure upon the liquid at the surface. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习34. E and Contraction Solids also expand with increase in temperature and contract when cooled. But they do not behave quite so uniformly (相同地) in this respect as liquids and gases do, particularly in the case of wide variations, in temperature. Most solids expend or contract by a definite amount for every degree of the temperature that rises or falls. The amount by which on substance expands and contracts for one degree is not usually the same as that for a di