高级英语第二册习题答案.pdf

高级英语第二册练习答案高级英语第二册练习答案 LESSON ONE FACE TO FACE WITH HURRICANE CAMILLE 2 LESSON TWO MARRAKECH 7 LESSON THREE PUB TALK AND THE KING S ENGLISH 11 LESSON FOUR INAUGURAL ADDRESS 16 LESSON5 LOVE IS A FALLACY 22 LESSON SIX DISAPPEARING THROUGH THE SKYLIGHT 27 LESSON SEVEN LIBIDO FOR THE UGLY 33 LESSON EIGHT THE WORKER AS CREATOR OR MACHINE 40 LESSON 9 THE ONES WHO WALK AWAY FROM OMELAS 44 LESSON 10 THE SAD YOUNG MEN 49 LESSON 11 THE FUTURE OF THE ENGLISH 55 LESSON 12 THE DISCOVERY OF WHAT IT MEANS TO BE AN AMERICAN 61 LESSON 13 IN FAVOR OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 67 LESSON 14 LOVING AND HATING NEW YORK 75 1 Lesson One Face to Face with Hurricane Camille I Las Vegas Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada In 1970 it had a population of 125 787 people Revenue from hotels gambling entertainment and other tourist oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegas s economy Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California In 1 855 1857 the Mormons maintained a fort there and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U S army In 1867 Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada from The New Columbia Encyclopedia 1 He didn t think his family was in any real danger His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a few feet above sea level His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea He thought they would be safe here as in any place else Besides he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend Charles Hill before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane 2 Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak It designed and developed educational toys and supplies 3 Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty water was sea water It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave 4 At this Critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought they might die at any moment she told her husband the dearest and the most precious thing she could think of This would help to encourage each other and enable them to face death with greater serenity 5 John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made the final decision to stay and face the hurricane Now it seemed they might all die in the hurricane 6 Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone 7 Janis knew that John was trying his best to comfort and encourage her for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm 1 This piece of narration is organized as follows introduction development climax and conclusion The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs giving the time place and background of the conflict man versus hurricanes These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story 2 The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly and sympathetically delineates the 2 characters in the story 3 John Koshak Jr is the protagonist in the story 4 Man and hurricanes make up the conflict 5 The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane 6 The writer gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing a series of actions in the order of their occurrence 7 The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27 8 I would have ended the story at the end of Paragraph 27 because the hurricane passed the main characters survived and the story could come to a natural end 9 Yes it is Because the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak We lost practically all our possessions but the family came through it When I think of that I realize we lost nothing important 1 We re 23 feet above sea level 2 The house has been here since 1915 and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it 3 We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage 4 Water got into the generator and put it out It stopped producing electricity so the lights also went out 5 Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars 6 The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water 7 As John watched the water inch its way up the steps he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland 8 h God please help us to get through this storm safely 9 Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped 10 Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane See the translation of the text 1 main a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water gas electricity etc 2 sit out stay until the end of e by American English pay a visit 4 blow in burst open by the storm 5 douse put out a light fire generator etc quickly by pouring water over it 6 kill American English to cause an engine etc to stop 7 swath the space covered with one cut of a scythe a long strip 0r track 0f any kind 8 bar a measure in music the notes between two vertical lines 0n a music sheet 9 1ean to a shed or other small outbuilding with a sloping roof the upper end of which 3 rests against the wall of another building 1 0 Seabee a member of the construction battalions of the Civil Engineer Corps of the U S Navy that build harbor facilities airfields etc Seabee stands for CB short for Construction Battalion 1 destroy 一词最为常见 主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底 一般不带感情或修辞色彩 demolish 和 raze 通常用于巨大物体 如大型建筑物等 demolish 常用引申义 指任何复合体 的被毁 如 demolish a theory with a few incisive comments 意即 用几句锋利的评语推翻某种 理论 而 raze 几乎无一例外地用于指建 筑物的被毁 annihilate 在这些词中所表示的损坏 程度最为强烈 字面 意思是 化为乌有 但实际上往往用于指对人或物的严重 损伤 如说 annihilate an enemy force 是指使敌军遭到重创 不仅没有还手之力 而且没有招架之功 如说 annihilate one s opponent in a debate 是指彻底驳倒对手 2 decay 常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化 如 His teeth have begun to decay 他的 牙齿开始老化变坏 rot 指有机物质 如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质 如 rotting apples 烂 了的苹果 spoil 用于非正式文体 常指食物变质 如 Fish spoils quickly in summer 鱼在 夏天极易变质 molder 用于指物体缓慢 逐步地腐朽 如 Old buildings molder away 老 房子渐渐腐烂了 disintegrate 意指把某物从整体变为碎片或一个个部分 如 rocks disintegrated by frost and rain 被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石 decompose 指将物质分解为其构 成成分 如 Water call be decompose be decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen 水可分解成 氧和氧 该词还可用来替代 rot 使语气略显委婉 1 television tele vision a combining form tele plus a noun vision Further examples telegram telephone telescope telegraph telecommunication telecast etc 2 northwestward north west ward or northwest ward ward is a suffix meaning in a specific direction or course Further examples eastward westward backward upward inward outward seaward home ward etc 3 motel motorist hotel a blend word formed by combining parts of other words Further examples smog smoke fog smaze smoke haze brunch breakfast lunch moped motor pedal galumph gallop triumph etc 4 bathtub bath tub a compound word formed by combining two nouns Further examples bathrobe bathroom bedroom roommate butterfly dragonfly foot ball housekeeper etc 5 returnees return ees a verb plus a noun forming suffix ee designating a person in specified condition Further examples employee refugee retiree examinee escapee nominee interviewee divorcee IX 1 lash as in Camille lashed northwestward across tile gulf of Mexico A vivid way to say strike with great force 2 pummel as in It was certain to pummel Gulfport Because the word is originally applied to human beings meaning beat repeatedly with the fists 3 whip as in Wind and rain now whipped the house Because it is more vivid than fall heavily on 4 4 kill as in the electrical systems had been killed by water Because it leaves a deeper impression on the readers than stop does 5 inch one s way as in Water inched its way up the steps It makes the readers also see clearly that water was rising little by little 6 bother as in no hurricane has ever bothered it It virtually means do damage to here 7 lap as in John watched the water lap at the steps meaning extend beyond some limit or in fact rise slowly 8 skim as in the hurricane lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air which gives the readers a deep impression of how strong the wind was 9 seize as in It seized a 600 000 gallon Gulfport oil tank 1and dumped it 3ymiles away It seemed as if the hurricane had a very strong and large hand 10 crack and snap as in Telephone poles and 20 inch thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them providing the readers with a vivid picture of winds blowing violently X Simile 1 The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire 2 The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train Metaphor 1 We can batten down and ride it out comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea 2 Wind and rain now whipped the house Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip Personification 1 A moment later the hurricane in one mighty swipe lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air 2 It seized a 600 000 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 1 2miles away The hurricane acted as a very strong man lifting something very heavy and dumping it 3 1 2 miles away Elliptical and short simple sentences generally increase the tempo and speed of the actions being described Hence in a dramatic narration they serve to heighten tension and help create a sense of danger and urgency For examples see the text paragraphs 10 18 and 21 26 The topic sentence of paragraph 1 is John Koshak Jr knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad This idea is developed or supported by facts or reasons showing how John Koshak Jr knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad The last sentence introduces some other characters in he story and serves as a transition to the next important point in the story why John KoshakJr decided not to abandon his home 5 在给出答案之前 首先将该题中的几个语法术语解释一下 The sentence fragment 片断句 一个合乎语法的完整句子必须具有主语和谓语这两种 基本成分 从结构上来说 它应该是可以独立运用的语言单位 片断句是指像短语 从句 同位语以及其他诸如此类不能够独立使用的语言单位 写作时若错误地使用标点符号 将这 类不能独立使用的语法结构当成句子分列出来 那便叫做片断句 练习中的第 1 第 3 和第 4 句就是这样的非完整句 即片断句 The run on sentence 误用逗号连接句 该断句的地方没有正确地使用标点符号断句 而将 两个或两个以上结构上各自独立完整而又互不从属的句子融合在一起成为一个不合语法 结构松散的句子称融合句 如果两个完整的句子中间只用逗号隔开而被错误地并成一个句 子 这种句子便叫误用逗号连接句 练习中的第 2 句即是 The dangling modifier 垂悬修饰 语 由非谓语动词 分词 动名词 不定式 组成的短语若使用不当 与其所修饰的成分没有 实质上的联系 这种结构便叫垂悬修饰语 垂悬修饰语并非语法上的错误 只是修辞上的毛 病 但仍应避免使用这样的结构 尤其是不要使用那些会产生歧义 引起误解的垂悬修饰语 练习中的第 5 6 7 8 句均含垂悬修饰语 The illogical or faulty parallelism 误用平行句法 误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非平 行的思想内容 这是应该避免的修辞上的毛病 不能将 which 或 who 引导的从句用 and 与 主句相联 关联连词 both and either or 等 只能用于联接句中起同一语法作用的平行成 分 练习中的第 9 10 11 12 句都是误用平行结构的例句 The shift in point of view 角度转换 不必要的甚至错误的角度转换是应该避免的 若非必 须如此 一般不由主动语态转换成被动语态 人称及单复数也不应随便转换 练习中的第 13 14 15 句都是角度转换的例子 练习中的错句可改正如下 The basketball game was canceled because half of the players were in bed with flu These snakes are dangerous However most snakes are quite harmless 3 Looking out toward the horizon she Saw only the old cabin in which Mary was born a single cottonwood that had escaped the drought and the apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie 4 We knew that although the documents have been stolen they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent 5 Last year after I had graduated from high school my father put me to work in his office 6 To appreciate the poem one must read it aloud 7 1 missed that film because l had to stay home to help my mother wash clothes last Sunday 8 Driving across the state one saw many beautiful lakes 9 Unselfish people are not only happier but also more successful 1O I finally realized that my daydreaming was not making me beautiful and slender or bringing me friends 11 He is a man of wide experience and also of great popularity among the farmers 12 I am interested in electronics which is a new field and which offers interesting opportunities 10 one who knows science 13 We carefully swept the room and dusted the furniture and the shelves 14 If one s mouth is dry one should eat a lump of sugar or chew gum 15 You must make yourself interesting to the group that listens23 to you and is constantly trying to detect your mistakes 6 V Omitted XV Gale Kills People Four people got killed when a gale swept across several parts of South England and Wales yesterday A school boy of ten was struck by flying debris and lost his life when the roof of a prefabricated classroom was blown off and the walls caved in The boy was one of seventy children being led to safety When the teacher saw the roof beginning to lift he asked his pupils to follow him to a safe place Unfortunately the boy was killed Another two children were taken to hospital with slight injury A woman aged 81 was killed when a chimney dislodged by a strong wind fell through the roof of her home Another woman a resident on the first floor of a building was also killed outright by the falling masonry Some residents were taken to hospital and the rest evacuated A driver met his death near a filling station when his car ran into a tree that had fallen across the road Lesson Two Marrakech Marrakech in west central Morocco at the Northern foot of the high Atlas 130 miles south of Casablanca the chief seaport The city renowned for leather goods is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660 It was captured by the French in 1912 when its modern growth began It has extremely hot summers but mild winters Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months The city was formerly also called Morocco Morocco Located in North Africa on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries Rabat is the capital The estimated population in 1973 was 15 600 000 About 2000 B C it was settled by Berber tribes who have formed the basis of the population ever since The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury bringing with them Islam From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence But in 1912 a Franco Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957 Morocco is a member of the United Nations the League of Arab States and the Organization of African Unity Moroccans are mainly farmers 70 who try to grow their own food They often use camels donkeys and mules to pull their plows In the south a few tribesmen still wander from place to place in the desert 1 Here are five things he describes to show poverty a the burial of the poor inhabitants b an Arab Navvy an employee of the municipality begging for a piece of bread c the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes d cultivation of the poor soil e the old women carrying fire wood 2 See paragraphs 1 and 2 3 All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags 7 4 Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech overcrowded thousands of people living in a narrow street houses completely windowless and the whole area dirty and unhygienic 5 If Hitler were here all the Jews would have been massacred 6 Those who work with their hands are partly invisible It s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts The people are not treated as human beings and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded 7 See paragraph 18 8 The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being She accepted her status as an old woman that is to say as a beast of burden 9 Every white man thought How much longer can we go on kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves 1 Yes it is In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies 2 He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery first through the appropriate use of words second through the clever choice of the scenes he describes third through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings 3 Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings 4 Paragraphs 4 7 could as well come after 8 15 as before Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people s poverty and suffering The central theme all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay 5 This essay gives a new insight into imperialism Yes he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an evil thing 6 Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the