作业15　书籍作品介绍及书评类说明文2025高考英语大二轮考前必背四选一阅读

作业15书籍作品介绍及书评类说明文【2025高考英语大二轮考前必背四选一阅读作业15书籍作品介绍及书评类说明文(分值：30分)(每小题2.5分，满分30分)A(2023·新课标Ⅱ)ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook，representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory，inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading，weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks”，artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool，withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume，deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago，buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.Booksthemselvesmaybeused①symbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智)，wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress，booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently，asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway，artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers，pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpage②outdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview，theprintedbookiscertainlyancient，butitremainsasinteractiveasany③battery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction，abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened，thepagesparted，thecontentsreviewed，perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked，aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate，“off-line”activity.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的收藏品的一本书——ReadingArt：ArtforBookLovers。书中以艺术作品的形式记录了不同时期人们阅读的场景，论述了在通信技术发达的现在，纸质书仍然具有互动性，并没有过时。1．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Anintroductiontoabook.B．Anessayontheartofwriting.C．Aguidebooktoamuseum.D．Areviewofmodernpaintings.答案A解析文章出处题。根据第一段第一句“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook，representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.”以及第二段第一句“Inthis‘bookofbooks’，artworksareselectedandarranged...”可知，本文围绕ReadingArt：ArtforBookLovers这本书展开介绍，可推测本文最有可能出自该书的序言。故选A。2．Whataretheselectedartworksabout?A．Wealthandintellect.B．Homeandschool.C．Booksandreading.D．Workandleisure.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段末句“Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading，weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.”及第二段关于不同人物和阅读场景的描述可知，选定的艺术作品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A．Understand. B．Paint.C．Seize. D．Transform.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词上文及画线词所在句可推知，艺术作品里的场景可能是在几百年前画的，但这些瞬间我们现在都能感同身受，故与画线短语“relateto”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A．Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B．Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C．Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D．Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.答案A解析推理判断题。通过最后一段中的“theprintedbookis...butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader”以及“aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate，‘off-line’activity”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。语境猜词①symbolically(派)＝symbol＋ic＋ally象征性地；象征意义地②outdated(合)＝out＋dated过时的，陈旧的③battery-powered(合)＝battery＋powered靠电池供电的B(2022·全国乙)In1916，twogirlsofwealthyfamilies，bestfriendsfromAuburn，N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead，Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted：TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden，whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well，theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon，however，theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily，theHarrisons，and，likethem，hadlittleprivacy，rarebaths，andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings，RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring，thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook，she①expandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism，whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads，whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies，ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff，onherhorse，lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains，it②shedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes，coyotes，mice，andvaryinghares，whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”语篇解读本文是书评。本文简要介绍了DorothyWickenden写的一部书并对其进行了评价。5．WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A．Toteachinaschool.B．TostudyAmericanhistory.C．Towriteabook.D．Todosightseeing.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段首句“In1916，twogirlsofwealthyfamilies...toteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去一所学校教书。故选A。6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A．Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B．Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C．Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D．Theysufferedseverehardships.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily...wokeupinthemorning.”以及“Inspring，thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，即她们饱受磨难。故选D。7．WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A．TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B．ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C．TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D．ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.答案C解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Ahair-raisingsectionconcerns...ofteninblindingsnowstorms.”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C。8．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport. B．Abookreview.C．Achildren’sstory. D．Adiaryentry.答案B解析文章类型题。通读全文尤其根据第一段最后一句和倒数第二段首句“InWickenden’sbook，sheexpandedon...”以及末句“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.”以及最后一段前两句可推知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden写的一部书的内容，并对其进行了评价，所以是一篇书评。故选B。语境猜词①expandon详细阐述②shed熟义：n.棚生义(文义)：v.把光洒下C(2024·四川攀枝花二模)RecentlyI’vebeendrawntobookswhichmotivatemetolookatmyself，andhopefullymakemeabetter“me”．TheCouragetoBeDisliked，byIchiroKishimiandFumitakeKoga，hasatitleIjustcan’tgopast.ThebookhastakenJapanbystorm，usingthetheoriesofphilosopherAlfredAdlertocreateconversationsbetweenafictionalphilosopherandayoungman.Theconversationscovermanybroad，interestingandsensitivetopics.ThephilosophercharactersticksbythetheoriesofAdler，andexplainshowwearecompetenttodetermineourownlives，andbefreeoftheinfluenceofpastexperiencesandothers’expectations.It’sawayofthinkingthatallowsustodevelopthecouragetochangeandtoignorethelimitationsplacedonus.Theseoftencomplextopicsareplayedoutinaconversationalstylebetweenthetwomen.Whileit’seasytofollowtheconversations，thetopicswillknockaroundinyourownheadasyouworkoutwhetheryousitonthesideofthephilosopher，theyoungman，orsomewhere①inbetween.Thebookis②well-receivedbyreadersprimarilyowingtothefactthatitpresentstwowell-balancedviewpointsinthearguments.You’llfindyourselfdoinghouseholdchores，oratyourkeyboard，unpackingalltheinformationinyourmindandcomingtoyourownconclusions.Youwill③wholeheartedlyagreeonsomepointsandwanttothrowthebookatthewallatothers.Itscontentispolarizing(两极分化)andIcertainlydon’tagreewitheverythingthephilosopherortheyoungmansays，butIthinkthat’sthepoint.TheCouragetoBeDislikedistheretostartaconversationwithyourselfanddosomeslightlyuncomfortablesoul-searching.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇书评。文章推荐了一本自我提升类的书《被讨厌的勇气》。)9．WhichcategorydoesTheCouragetoBeDislikedbelongto?A．Self-improvement.B．④Philosophictheory.C．Collectionofexperiences.D．BiographyofAlfredAdler.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第一段“RecentlyI’vebeendrawntobookswhichmotivatemetolookatmyself...makemeabetter‘me’．TheCouragetoBeDisliked...hasatitleIjustcan’tgopast.”，第二段后两句以及最后一段中“TheCouragetoBeDisliked...uncomfortablesoul-searching.”可推知，《被讨厌的勇气》属于自我提升类书籍。故选A。10．Whichstatementmightthefictionalphilosopheragreewith?A．Peoplearefreeoftheirpastinfluence.B．Peoplecantakechargeoftheirlifecourse.C．Peopleshould⑤liveuptoothers’expectations.D．Peopleoughttotaketheirlimitationsseriously.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thephilosophercharacter...andothers’expectations.(哲学家的角色信守Adler的理论，并解释了我们如何有能力决定自己的生活，不受过去经历和他人期望的影响)”可知，书中的哲学家认为人有能力决定自己的生活。因此，他应该会赞同的观点是“人们可以主导自己的人生道路”。故选B。11．HowdoesTheCouragetoBeDislikeddevelop?A．Bylistingsufficientdata.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byfollowingthetimeline.D．Bypresentingdialogues.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theseoftencomplextopicsareplayedoutinaconversationalstylebetweenthetwomen.(这些通常很复杂的话题在两人之间以对话的方式展开)”可知，《被讨厌的勇气》这本书是通过呈现对话的方式展开的。故选D。12．Whyisthebookpopularwithreaders?A．Itshowsideasinplainlanguage.B．Itdisplaysthescientificstatistics.C．Itoffersbalancedsidestothetopics.D．Itavoidstheuseofphilosophicterms.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thebookiswell-receivedbyreadersprimarilyowingtothefactthatitpresentstwowell-balancedviewpointsinthearguments.(这本书受到读者的广泛欢迎，主要是因为它在论证中呈现了两个平衡的观点)”可知，这本书受欢迎是因为它为话题提供了平衡的观点。故选C。语境猜词①inbetween在中间②well-received(合)＝well＋received受到欢迎的③wholeheartedly＝(合＋派)whole＋hearted＋ly全心全意地④philosophic(派)＝philosoph(y)＋ic哲学的⑤liveupto不辜负作业16社会现象与社会热点类议论文(分值：30分)议论文阅读解题技法A(2023·全国乙)Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld，ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartof①humanity，youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone，becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts，whilemostoftheworld，formostofthetime，hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements，anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects，andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat，butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict，atBotanyBay，betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside，wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside，wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday，theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemof②miscomprehensionfrombothsides，therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted，especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino，theAustralianAboriginals，theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas，allofwhomappearinthisbook，canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontactbetweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese，allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted，onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation，wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts，buttheobjects.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.答案A解析段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，不能仅通过文本讲述世界历史，因为物品也记录了人们关心的事情，即第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。2．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A．Hisreportwasscientific.B．Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C．HeruledoverBotanyBay.D．Hisrecordwas③one-sided.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段首句可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“FromtheEnglishside，wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside，wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A．Problem. B．History.C．Voice. D．Society.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“...therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted，especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite...canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade...avoice.”可知，物品同样能讲述历史，文字描述只能说明一半的历史。故画线词所在句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation，wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts，buttheobjects.”强调解读物品来了解历史的另一半。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。4．Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A．HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB．AShortHistoryofAustraliaC．AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD．HowArtWorksTellStories答案C解析文章出处题。根据第一段、第二段最后一句以及最后一段第二、三句和最后一句可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好地了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。语境猜词①humanity(派)＝human＋ity人类(总称)②miscomprehension(派)＝mis＋comprehen(d)＋sion误解③one-sided(合)＝one＋sided片面的，单方面的B(2024·广东韶关二模)Islifeastoryoragame?Answersmayvaryfromonetoanother.Overthecourseoflife，wefindthingstoloveandcommitto—ajob，apartneroracommunity.Attimes，westruggletolearnfromourmisfortunestogrowinwisdom，kindnessandgrace.WillStorr，awriterwhoseworkIadmire，saysthisstoryversionoflifeisamisunderstanding.InhisbookTheStatusGame，hearguesthathumanbeingsaredeeplydrivenbystatus.Ratherthanaboutbeinglikedoraccepted，hewrites，it’saboutbeingbetterthanothers.“Whenpeopleareobedienttous，offerrespect，admirationorpraise，that’sstatus.Itfeelsgood.”Lifeisaseriesofgames，headds.There’sthehighschoolgameofcompetingtobethepopularkid.Thelawyergametomakepartner.Thefinancegametomakethemostmoney.Theacademicgameforfame.Thesportsgametoshowthatourteamisthebest.Evenwhenwearetryingtodogood，Storrclaims，we’replayingthe“virtuegame”toshowwearemorallysuperiortoothers.IthinkStorrisindangerofbecomingoneofthoseguyswhoignorethenobledesiresofthehumanheartandthecaringelementineveryfriendshipandfamily.The①status-madworldthatStorrdescribesissoloveless.Infact，gamingasawayoflifeis②immature.Maturitymeansrisingabovetheshallowdesire—forstatus—thatdoesn’treallynourishus.It’saboutcultivatingthehigherdesires:theloveoftruthandlearning;theinnerpleasurethecraftsmangetsinhiswork，whichisnotaboutpopularity，andthedesireforagoodandmeaningfullifethatinspirespeopletopractisedailyactsofgenerosity.Howdopeoplegraduallylearntocultivatethesehighermotivations?Toanswerthat，I’dhavetotellyouastory.语篇解读这是一篇议论文。生活是一个故事还是一场游戏？作家WillStorr认为生活就是一系列的游戏，人类深受地位的驱使，作者指出这种生活态度是不成熟的，成熟意味着追求更高的愿望。5．WhatliesinthecoreofWillStorr’sopinionaboutlife?A．Theprideinone’svirtue.B．Thepursuitof③superiority.C．Thedesireforacceptance.D．Themotivationbywealth.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中关键句“Inhisbook...it’saboutbeingbetterthanothers.”以及第三段中“There’sthehighschoolgameofcompeting...toshowwearemorallysuperiortoothers.”可知，WillStorr对于生活的观点的核心在于要比别人更好，B项“追求优越感”符合题意，故选B。6．Whatcanbeviewedashighermotivationsinthetext?A．Loveandsuperiority.B．Maturityanddesire.C．Commitmentandkindness.D．Friendshipandpopularity.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“It’sabout...ofgenerosity.(它是关于培养更高的愿望：对真理和学习的热爱；工匠从他的作品中获得内心的愉悦，这与受欢迎与否无关，以及对美好而有意义的生活的渴望，激励着人们践行慷慨的日常行为)”可知，C项“全心投入和善良”可以被视为更高的动机，故选C。7．What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tocorrectanattitude.B．Totellastory.C．Toexplaintwoarguments.D．Tocriticizeaviewpoint.答案A解析写作意图题。本文首先提出问题：生活是一个故事还是一场游戏？接着提到了作家WillStorr对此问题的回答——他认为生活就是一系列的游戏，人类深受地位的驱使，然后作者指出这种生活态度是不成熟的，并提出了自己的观点，故本文目的是纠正一种态度，故选A。8．Whatstorydoyouthinktheauthorwilltellnext?A．Aking’s-comebackstory.B．A④rags-to-richesstory.C．AYuanLongping-stylestory.D．Anovernight-successstory.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“It’saboutcultivating...generosity.”和最后一段“Howdopeople...I’dhavetotellyouastory.”可知，更高的愿望是对真理和学习的热爱和对美好而有意义的生活的渴望，作者接下来要讲述关于如何培养这些更高动机的故事，C项“一个袁隆平式的故事”符合更高动机的内涵，故选C。语境猜词①status-mad(合)＝status＋mad为地位而疯狂的②immature(派)＝im＋mature不成熟的③superiority(派)＝superior＋ity优越感④rags-to-riches(合)＝rags＋to＋riches贫穷到富裕的C(2024·河南鹤壁二模)Sayingfarewelltosomeoneyoulove，evenforanight，canbedifficult，①muchlesssayinggoodbyeforalifetimeorforeverindeath.JulietbidRomeoadieu(再见)fortheeveningwiththewords，“Partingissuchsweetsorrow.”Sweetsorrowisanoxymoron.Butthisseemingcontradictionistrueinthecontextofrelationships.Relationshipsarebasedonfeelings，emotions，andpassion.Deepfriendshipsandlovingrelationshipsaremeasuredbythelevelofemotional②attachment.Emotions③intensifyovertime.Peoplespendtimewiththepeopletheylike.Themoreonepersonlikesanotherperson，theclosertherelationshipbecomes.Eachpersonintherelationshipreceivesanemotionalbenefitfromknowingtheotherperson.Sayinggoodbyemeansseparatingfromthepeoplewhomakeupasignificantpartofyouremotionalidentity.Separation，evenatemporaryabsence，fromthepeopleyouhaveadeepemotionalconnectionwithcancausesorrowbecauseyouwillnolongerbeabletoenjoytheircompany.Thesweetsideofsayinggoodbyeistheemotionalfulfillmentofbeinginacloserelationship.Thetimespenttogetherisemotionallyrewarding，especiallyifthatpersonisseenasa④soulmate.Humansaresocialbeings.Weseektheloveandcomfortofotherpeople.Lonelinessdevastatesthehumanconditionandleadstosadness.Sadpeoplewilldoanythingtheycantofindfulfillingrelationships.⑤Likewise，happypeoplewilldoanythingtheycantomaintainorenhancerelationships.Hereinliestheessentialpointoftheemotionalproblem.Themoreintenserelationshipsbecome，themoredevastatingtheemotionallossthatisfeltuponseparation.Theexhilarationofrelationshipscannotbetrulymeasuredwithoutexperiencingtheoverwhelminglossofadeepemotionalconnection.Enjoythecompanyofthepersonyouarewithas