《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件-柑橘蚧壳虫类害虫（双语）

柑橘病虫害绿色防控柑橘蚧壳虫类昆虫GreenPreventionandControlofCitrusDiseasesandPestsCitrusScaleInsects矢尖蚧Unaspisyanonensis

(Kuwana)1红蜡蚧

CeroplastesRubensMaskell雌成虫背面向上隆起。虫体外暗红色至紫红色蜡质覆盖物形似红小豆。Thebackofthefemaleimagorisesupwards.Thedarkredtopurplishredwaxycoveroutsidethewormlookslikearedbean.柑橘蚧壳虫种类繁多Therearevariousspeciesofcitrusscaleinsects.2矢尖蚧UnaspisYanonensis(Kuwana)成虫雌介壳箭头形，常微弯曲，长2-4mm，棕褐至黑褐色，边缘灰白色；Femaleimagoesarearrowhead-shaped,oftenslightlycurved,2-4mmlong,reddishbrowntodarkbrown,withgrayish-whitemargins;矢尖蚧为害症状DamageSymptomsofunaspisyanonensis(kuwana)3黑点蚧ParlatoriaZizyphusLucus雌成虫的介壳长约1.6～1.8mm，宽约0.5～0.7mm，近长方形，漆黑色，后缘附有灰白色薄蜡片。Thescaleoffemaleimagoesisabout1.6-1.8mmlongand0.5-0.7mmwide,subrectangular,lacquerblack,withgrayish-whitethinwaxflakesattachedtotherearedge.4吹绵蚧IceryaPurchasiMaskell雌虫体长6-7mm，身体橙黄色，背面隆起，上被有淡黄白色蜡质物，腹部周缘有小瘤状突起10余个，并分泌遮盖身体的绵团状蜡粉，故很难见其真面目。Thefemaleis6-7mmlong,withanorange-yellowbody,abulgingback,yellowish-whitewaxysubstancesonthetop,andmorethan10smalltumor-likeprotrusionsaroundtheabdomen,andsecreteslumpywaxpowdercoveringthebody,soitisdifficulttoseeitstrueface.诱发煤烟病Inductionofsootymold防治技术ControlTechnique可于4月中旬，在柑橘园种植一些紫苏、大豆等作物，可转移介壳虫对柑橘的危害，并为害虫天敌提供食料、栖息及繁殖场所，可明显减轻介壳虫的危害。PlantsomecropssuchasperillaandsoybeaninthecitrusorchardinmidApril,whichcantransferthedamageofscaletocitrusandprovidefood,habitatandbreedingplacesfornaturalenemiesofscales,thustosignificantlyreducethehazardofscale.柑橘采收后的11-12月，刮除枝条上的越冬虫体，剪除病虫危害严重的枝叶，清除柑橘园的枯枝落叶、地衣苔藓和杂草，并集中烧毁，清翻园土，将入土越冬的虫体晒干冻死。FromNovembertoDecemberaftercitrusharvest,scrapeofftheoverwinteringinsectsonthebranches,cutoffthebranchesandleavesseriouslyharmedbydiseasesandpests,removethedeadbranches,fallenleaves,lichenmossandweedsinthecitrusorchard,burntheminacentralizedmanner,andclearthesoiloftheorchardtodryandfreezetheoverwinteringinsectsinthesoil.

防治技术

ControlTechnique（1）抓住最佳防治时机Seizethebesttimeforpreventionandcontrol

春梢抽生、开花期是柑橘蚧壳虫的盛发期。当春梢伸长到1～2mm时，要及时用化学农药喷施防治1次。

Theproductionofspringshootsandthebloomperiodarethefullincidenceperiodofcitrusscaleinsects.Whenspringshootsgrowto1-2mm,chemicalpesticidesshouldbetimelysprayedonce.夏梢抽生、生理落果期防治蚧壳虫。6月中下旬正是柑橘第二次生理落果高峰至幼果生长期，又是梅雨季节尾声和夏季干旱来临之前，气温较高，空气湿度也大，喷药一般不会产生药害，能有效地阻止第一代幼介上果、上新梢危害，极大地压低虫口数量。Controlscaleinsectsinthegrowthandphysiologicalfruitdropperiodsofsummershoots.Thesecondphysiologicalfruitdroppeakofcitrusinmid-to-lateJuneisthegrowthperiodofyoungfruits,anditisalsotheendoftheplumrainseasonandbeforethesummerdrought.Thetemperatureishighandtheairhumidityisalsohigh.Sprayingchemicalsgenerallywillnotcausephytotoxicity,whichcaneffectivelypreventthefirstgenerationofyoungfruitsandshootsfromdamagingandgreatlyreducethenumberofpests.其次是柑橘采收后的11～12月也是较佳防治适期，如果最佳适期内防治不力，则应尽可能在采果后抓紧喷药，冬季气温低，柑橘进入休眠，介壳虫也处于相对静止时期，因此，应抓住这一时期进行防治。Secondly,fromNovembertoDecember,aftercitrusharvest,isalsothebesttimeforcontrol.Ifthecontrolisnoteffectiveduringthebesttime,trytospraychemicalsafterfruitharvest.Whenthetemperatureislowinwinter,citrusentersdormancyandscaleinsectsarealsoinarelativelystaticperiod.Therefore,controlshouldbecarriedoutduringthisperiod.

2选准合适的农药Selectsuitablepesticides由于滥用化学农药，导致柑桔介壳虫产生了较高的抗药性，造成一些常用的杀虫剂效果下降。过去防治介类害虫常用高毒农药，如氧化乐果、水胺硫磷等，目前这些农药已在生产上禁用，因此必须选择一些高效低毒的杀虫杀蚧剂。Duetothemisuseofchemicalpesticides,citrusscaleinsectshaveahighresistancetopesticides,resultinginadecreaseintheeffectivenessofsomecommonlyusedpesticides.Inthepast,high-toxicpesticideswerecommonlyusedtocontrol