高考英语语法讲解之名词性从句

2010高考二轮复习英语学案专题九名词性从句【典例精析】

1.(2007山东，22)CouldIspeakto____isinchargeofInternationalSales,please?A.anyone B.someone C.whoever D.nomatterwho【解析】C.“isinchargeofInternationalSales”表语从句，缺少引导词和主语。其中A.B.选项后面需加定语从句引导词who；而nomatterwho不能引导名词性从句，只能引导状语从句。2.（2008重庆，25）PeopleinChongqingareproudof__theyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears.A.that B.which Cwhat D.how【解析】C“theyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears”做介词of的宾语，宾语从句中缺少haveachieved的宾语。3.（2008山东，23）____wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.A.It BThis C.What D.As【解析】C.句子的主干为“____wasmostimportanttoherwasherfamily”很明显此句的主语是个从句，主语从句中缺主语。4.（09山东）Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain_________shewasandwaittorhermother.A.whereB.whatC.howD.who【解析】Aremain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。5.（09湖南）Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoittakestosaveherlife.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever【解析】C名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。6.（09江西）Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists______theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though【解析】C间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是thefact和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。7.（09海南）CouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever【解析】Cwhoever既作了

to

的宾语，又作isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?的主语。“whoever”作代词，／anypersonwho／thepersonwho／“任何人”、“无论谁”、“……的人”。8.（09陕西）Thehowtobookcanbeofhelptowantstodothejob.A.whoB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.whoever【解析】D此处从做介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D。9.（09海南）OneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwasofpublichealthA.whatB.thisC.thatD.which【解析】C句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词，that作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that＋名词”，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。10.（09上海）Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof_______hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how【解析】D考查宾语从句用法。句意“作为一个新的外交家，他常常想到在这样的场合下，他如何才能作出更恰当的反应”。可知选D符合。11.（09四川）8.Newscamefromtheschooloffice________WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where【解析】C在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。【专题突破】要求学生在做题中要注意如下几点：1.分析结构，辨析名词性从句和状语从句；2.理解句意，正确区别引导词；3.按照句意，出现那个引导词意思，便选择那个引导词。1.Thereisacommonbeliefamongthem___rubbishcanandshouldbeputtogooduse.A.which B.if C.whose D.that2.__hasbeenmentionedabove,continuedchairmanafterhetookasipofcoffee,____theprojectmustbecarriedoutbeforespringfloodcomes.A.As;thatB.That;whichC.This;whichD.It;that3.DavidBeckhamhas___ittaketobecomeaprofessionalfootballplayer.A．who B．what C．which D．that4.Nobodywouldstandoutadmittingthefact,forsomereason,theylostthegame.A.thatB.whichC.what D.why5.---Thepatientlooksmuchbetter.isitthathasmadehimheistoday?---Perhapsthespecialmedicineandhisfamily’spatientcare.A．What;thatB．That;that C．What;what D．What;which6.Afterthreehours’climbing,theyreachedtheythoughtwastheplacethey’dbeendreamingof.A．whatB．whichC．where D．that7.Aplanhasbeenputforward__moregraduatesshouldgotoworkinthecountryA.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how8.Itisprettywellunderstood__________controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how9.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____________roadconditionsneed____________.A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improvingD.when;improving10.______madetheschoolproudwas______morethat90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What…becauseB.What…thatC.That…whatD.That…because11.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?—Oh,that’s____________.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited12.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis________Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.How13.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand________theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how参考答案和解析：1.【解析】D“___rubbishcanandshouldbeputtogooduse.”是acommonbelief的同位语从句，从句中意思完整,结构完整。2.【解析】A“__hasbeenmentionedabove”是定语从句，而“____theprojectmustbecarriedoutbeforespringfloodcomes.”是动词continued的宾语从句，宾语从句中句意和结构都完整，故选that，结合第一个空，得答案A.3.【解析】B“_______ittakestobeaprofessionalfootballer”做has的宾语，宾语从句中缺少takes的宾语。句意“贝克拥有成为一名职业足球运动员所需要的品质”4.【解析】A“_______theylostthegame.”在句子中做thefact的同位语从句,从句意思结构完整,结构完整。5.【解析】C先将句子结构理清楚，itis___thathasmadehim___heistoday就可以判断，第一个空是考察强调句型的特殊疑问形式；第二个空则是表语从句，表语从句中缺少heis的表语。句意：病人好多了，是什么使得他成为现在这个样子。6.【解析】A考生误以为是地点状语从句，误选C．where。而reached是及物动词，后边接的是宾语从句，宾语从句除去插入语theythought，应该缺主语。7.【解析】B考察同位语从句，表达Aplan的具体内容，hasbeenputforward将名词与从句隔开，加大了难度。8.【解析】C主要测试主语从句。分析句子结构可知：句子属于形式主语格式；另外主句中缺少主语。双重作用的引导词只能是what。例如：Itisstilldoubtfulwhathesaidatthemeetingyesterday。昨天他在会上说的话仍然值得怀疑。9.【解析】C主要测试同位语从句。由句子语境可知句意;有个新的问题卷入私家车行列：道路状况需要改进。结合同位语从句的定义可知：问题的具体内容既是：到了状况需要改进。因此属于该句型结构。例如：Therewasanewproblemputforwardatthemeetingwherewecouldgettheloan。会议上提出一个新问题，我们到哪儿弄到贷款。10．【解析】B主要测试主语从句和表语从句。分析句子结构可知：句子______madetheschoolproud缺少主语，另外还要引导主语从句，故此只能选择what，由此先排除C、D两答案。再结合句子______morethat90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities结构完整不缺少成分，只需要引导词。句子意思：让我们学校自豪的是百分之九十多的学生被重点大学录取。11.【解析】A主要测试表语从句。此试题测试的重点在于表语从句及起引导词。句子意思：——你仍在考虑昨天的比赛吗？———哦，那正是让我感到兴奋的地方。可以利用排除法：B、C、D三个答案中结构或句子意思不符合语境。12.【解析】C主要测试表语从句。解题的关键在于分清句子中动词disagree的词性：不及物动词。句子意思：你说每个人应该平等，这正是我不同意的地方。13.【解析】A主要测试宾语从句。充分把握题干挖掘所有可能存在的信息。意思：路上有积雪。我不理解他们为何坚持骑摩托车去。此题可以结合语境及答案两方面，逐一排查寻找最佳答案。充分注意所给答案能够充当句子什么成分这也是解题的关键。【学法导航】考生对于名词性从句的复习和应试关键要把握每个引导词的意义，因为在对于名词性从句的考查中，引导词在句子中都起作用，有意义，因此在分析句子结构，对比辨别名词性从句、状语从句、强调句式后，最后还是要选择引导词；另外还要注意以下几点：1．what引导词的考查，尤其位于介词后引导的宾语从句以及引导名词性从句时的双重作用。2．Whether和if的区别，尤其注意他们的不同之处。3．名词性从句和其它从句的兼容结构测试。4.句子语序和时态。具体说：1.掌握名词性从句的分类功能名词性从句根据其在主句的功能作用又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1)若从句在句中作主语为主语从句Whathesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(NMET93)2.)若从句在句中作宾语为宾语从句Irememberwhenthisusedtobeaquietvillage.(NMET93)3.)若从句在句中作表语为表语从句-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthatwhyyouhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)4)若从句在句中作同位语为同位语从句Wewilldiscussthequestionwhetherwewillgothereornot.2.掌握连词的含义及分类绝大多数名词性从句的连词都有其实在意义，称为有义连词，如what表“……的内容”，when表“……的时间”，where表“……的地点”，why表“……的原因”，how表“如何；怎样”，who表“谁”，if、whether表“是否”；没有实在意义的连词叫无义连词，无义连词只有that一个。3.掌握名词性从句的语序名词性从句用陈述语序。4.掌握名词性从句和其它从句之间的关系有些连词除引导名词性从句外还可引导其它从句，应掌握它们之间的关系。1)if,whether表"是否"时引导名词性从句；if表“如果”时引导条件状语从句；whether表“无论是否；不管是否”时引导让步状语从句。2)when表“……的时间”，where表“……的地方”时引导名词从句；when表“当……的时候”引导时间状语从句，where表“……的地方”，且修饰行为动词时，引导地点状语从句；when,where从句作定语修饰先行词时引导定语从句。【专题综合】1.wecannotfigureout____quitanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.A.that B.as C.why D.when2.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,___ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.where B.what C.that D.How3.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.why B.what C.who D.that4.Theplace__thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;where B.atwhich;which C.atwhich;where D.which;inwhich5.Theshopkeeperdidn’twanttosellfor__hethoughtwasnotenough.Awhere B.how C.what D.which6.Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome___Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.A.if B.when C.that D.which7.Seetheflagontopofthebuilding?Thatwas___wedidthismorning.Awhen B.which C.where D.what8．Thegovernmenthasannouncedthatamoderncitywillbesetupin____isstillawastelandnow.A.what B.which C.that D.where9．Manypeoplewrotearticleson___LiuXianghadfailedtocompeteintheevent.A.why B.what C.who D.that10．Thecouplearespendingtheirholidayon__isdescribedasoneofthemostbeautifulislands.A.that B.what C.which D.where11．Thebookismeantto___needsit.A.who B.whoever C.whomever D.whom12.Inhisspeech,PremierWenJiabaopointsoutthatcreativityis__ittakestokeepanationhighlycompetitive.A.how B.what C.which D.that13．TheexperienceoftheChinesenationatteststoatruth____anationlosesintimesofdisasterwillbemadeupforbyherprogressA.thatwhat B.what C.that D.whatthat14．___hasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebusesforthepeople,ashortageofpublicvehiclesremainsaseriousproblem.A.That B.What C.InspiteofwhatD.Thoughwhat15.____iscertainis___preventionismoreimportantthantreatment.A.It;that B.What;that C.As;what D.What;what参考答案和解析：1.【解析】Cfigureout后接宾语从句，根据从句要表达的意思“为什么很多昆虫，鸟，和动物在逐渐灭绝”2.【解析】B“ourastronautsdesiretodo”是主语从句，从句中缺少do的宾语3.【解析】A“theteamhadfailedtowinthegame”是词on的宾语从句，从句中不缺主干，故排除B和C.再根据句意“为什么这个队没能赢”4.【解析】C“hebridgeissupposedtobebuilt”是定语从句，修饰名词place。“hecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest”组在句中做表语，表语从句引导词中没有inwhich，两空结合5.【解析】C.那位店主不愿意以他认为不够高的价格出售他的商品。本题考察宾语从句的用法。难度在于“hethought”的干扰。从句中缺少主语故选C.what6.【解析】C.句意：我脑海中突然出现一个温情的念头，用我的零花钱给妈妈买些鲜花作为她的生日礼物。本题考察名词性从句用法。Imightusethepocketmoneytobuy