Unit2基础知识梳理2024-2025学年牛津上海版（试用本）八年级英语上册

基础知识梳理基础知识梳理课前复习：我自己的房间独自地；靠自己区别：HowlongHowfarHowoftenHowsoon物理课程在读大学元音字母开头却发辅音的单词辅音字母开头却发元音的单词发元音的字母Choosethebestanswer（选择最恰当的答案）：()1.Lindaalwaystakes______activepartinsportsafterschool./B.aC.anD.the()2.Thereis_________“m”intheword“kilometer”._A.theB.an C.a D./()3.YouknowGermanyis___________Europeancountry.A.the B./ C.a D.an()4.Thereis__________“u”intheword“Europe”._A.aB./ C.an D.the()5.What___________honestgirlJaneis!A.a B./ C.the D.an()6.Thereare_______fewmistakesinyourposition.Don'tmake_______sameonesagain,please.A.a;theB.a;aC.the;theD./;/()7.Theworkersinthatfactoryarepaidby_______hour.A.aB.anC.theD./()8.______oldladyinbrownis______universityprofessor. A.An…a B.An…/ C.The…an D.The…a()9.Whatdoes__________“O”meanin“WTO”?A.theB.an C.a D./()10.Thereis_________“m”intheword“kilometer”.__________“m”isthefifthletter.A.the…AB.the…An C.a…The D.an…The()11.Don’ttake_________basketballaway.Wearegoingtoplay_________basketballsoon.A.the…the B.the…/ C.a…the D./…/重要词汇importantwordsintroducev.介绍；引进词性转换：_______________n.引言similaradj.相似的短语：__________________和…是相似的词性转换：similarityn.相似点()Twinsareusuallysimilar___________eachother.A)toB)as C)inD)forexpectv.期待词性转换：_______________n.期待_______________adj.预期的_______________adj.出乎意料的短语：___________________期待做某事=__________________IexpecttoachieveAgradesinallmysubjects.（保持句意相同）I_________________________toachievingAgradesinallmysubjects.successfuladj.成功的词性转换：_______________n.成功_______________v.成功_______________adj.成功地短语：___________________=__________________成功做成某事1.LinDansucceededin________agoldmedalin2012LodonOlympicGames. A)win B)won C)towin D)winning2.LittleJames___________(successful)inswimmingacrosstheriverlastyear.3.Shehasfinishedwritingthreeputergames（success）4.Noonecanachieve___________(successful)withouthardwork.businessn.生意（不可数）；公司（可数）词性转换：_________________adj.忙碌的_________________n.商人短语：_____________________一个家族公司_____________________在出差______________________忙于…()Mybrotheristhemanagerofthepany.“pany”means______.A.salesB.puterC.businessD.clubmanagern.经理词性转换：_________________v.管理；经营=__________________________n.管理；经营短语：_____________________设法做成某事=____________________Mr.Brownisoneofthe(manage)oftheshoppingcenter.responsibleadj.负责的词性转换：_________________n.责任=duty短语：_____________________责任感_____________________对…负责WendyWang'smumisinchargeofthesalesofputergames.（保持句意基本不变）WendyWang'smum________________ofthesalesofputergames.2.Parentsareresponsible_____aftertheirchildrennow.A.tolookB.tolookingC.forlookingD.forlooksellv.卖词性转换：_________________n.卖方_________________n.销售；销量；销售额短语：_____________________在打折_____________________待售AtChristmas,allkindsofthingsareon________inbigdepartmentstores.（sell）Hisjobisto(sale)secondhandcars.achievev.获得；得到=get词性转换：_________________n.成就短语：_____________________实现某人的梦想/目标failv.失败词性转换：_________________n.失败短语：_____________________做某事失败=beunabletodosth谚语：Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败是成功之母。Tomwasstillonthewaytoschool,becausehe(failure)tocatchthefirstbus.TomfailedtocatchthesmartmouseJerryagain(改为反意疑问句)TomfailedtocatchthesmartmouseJerryagain，__________________？Don’tgiveupeasily,(fail)isthemotherofsuccess.二、短语及句型phrasesandsentencesmustbecan’tbe1.Look!Thelightison.She______beathome.A.canB.mustC.needD.should2.IsawLindainthezoominutesago.She__________beathomenow.A.can’tB.mustC.mayD.mustn’tputonwearIt'stimetogotoschool.yourschooluniformanddon’tbelate.A)WearB)PutonC)DressD)Dressup受…欢迎AsurveyshowedthatJingjingandHuanhuanwereamongthefiveBeijingOlympicmascots(吉祥物).A)popularB)morepopularC)mostpopularD)themostpopular在早饭期间inourfamilycar1.Howdoesyourmothergotoworkeveryday?_____.A.Byacar.B.Bycars.C.Inhercar.D.Bythecar.2.Ialwaysgotoschoolinourfamilycar.(划线提问)________________youalwaysgotoschool?（建议510分钟）Choosethebestanswer.（选择最恰当的答案。）（共18分）AlthoughWendyownshisownbusiness,sheisstillat_______school.

A an B a C the D /Wendydoesn’tdrive______toschoolbecauseshehasadriver.

A she B her C hers D herselfYou_______muchmoneytokeepyourselfhappy.

A needn’tto B don’tneed C don’tneedto D can’tWendyandherfamilydiscussthebusiness_____breakfastanddinner.A in B over C on D atWendyhassoldoutover_______putergames.

A ahalfmillion B halfamillion C halfamillions D ahalfmillionWendylosthercar.She______beveryunhappybynow.A should B must C can D mayAfterschoolWendyusually_______violinlessons.A has B ishaving C willhave D hashadIt’srainingoutside.Please_______yourraincoatbeforeyougoout.

A wear B dress C puton D takeoffWewillcontinue________ourprojectonSunday. A do B doing C did D doneWendyachievesAgradesinallhersubjects.Theunderlinedpart’achieves’means_____.

A goesto B goeson C gets D growsTheboy________athomeasnobodyanswersthedoor.AmustbeBmustn’tbeCcanbeDcan’tbeThebabyissleeping.Please________theradioalittle.AturnonBturnoffCturnupDturndownIhearhehasalreadygonetoParis________business.AinBwithCatDonIt’squiteimportantforusto________inEnglishwhenwelearnEnglish.\AspeakBsayCtalkDtellSincetheweather________cold,thehomelesssheltershavebeemorecrowded.AhadgotBhasgotCgotDgetsAsurveyshowsthatmoststudentsexpect________lesshomeworkandmoresleep.AhaveBhavingCtohaveDhadDoyoumindmyseatinghere?________.Nooneisseated.ABetternotBNevermindCOfcoursenotDThat’srightpletethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。）（共5分）Myuncleusedtogrowalotofvegetablesandwenttotownto____________(sale)theminthemarket.Wendy’sparentsbothworkedintheirfamily____________(busy).Howoftendoyoudo____________(physics)exerciseorsports?Itis____________(bore)tolistentothesamestory.Whenshegrowsup,shewantstobea____________(success)businesswoman.We'regoingonholidaysoon,_____________(probable)nextmonth_________isthemotherofsuccess.(fail)Weoftenhelpthose______inourschoollibrarykeepbooksinorder.(assist)Iwasalittlenervousbeforetheconcert._______Istillgottheprize.(luck)Rewritethesentencesasrequired.（按要求改写下列句子，每空格限填一个单词。）LiHuadoeshishomeworkatseveninthemorning.（改为否定句）

LiHua________________________hishomeworkatseveninthemorning.WendyachievedAgradesinallsubjects.（改一般疑问句）

____________Wendy____________Agradesinallsubjects?.Mybrothergoestothelibraryfourtimesamonth.（就划线部分提问）

________________________doesyourbrothergotothelibrary?WendyhasbeentoAustraliafivetimes.（就划线部分提问）

How________________________hasWendybeentoAustralia?LiMingwasn’tabletopasstheMathstest.（保持原句意思不变）

LiMing________________________passtheMathstest.MrZhanghasbeenateachersincehecamebackChina.(划线提问)_____________hasMrZhangbeenateacher.Tomransofastthathewonfirstprize.(保持原意)Tomran___________towinfirstprize.Iknowonlyalittleaboutit.(对划线部分提问)_____________doyouknowaboutit?LiMingwasn'tabletopassthemathstest.(保持原句意思)LiMing___________passthemathstest.among,world,Shanghai,the,cities,the,famous,most,is,in(连词成句)__________________________________________________________现在完成时目标一：掌握现在完成时的构成目标二：掌握现在完成时的用法目标三：掌握现在完成时短暂性动词与延续性动词的转变目标四：掌握现在完成时与一般过去时的区别【目标一：现在完成时构成】句式构成缩写含义肯定式have/has+过去分词主语’s/主语’veShehas/She’slostherbooks．否定式have/has+not+过去分词haven’t/hasn’tTheyhaven’thadlunch.一般疑问式have/has提前无Haveyoueverwonanyprizesbefore?have／have／has是________动词,没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用______，其余人称一律用__________。基础操作：1)Theyhavefoundthelostbook._________they___________thelostbook?Yes,they_________./No,they___________.2)ShehasreadsomeofLuxun’sbooks._______she_____________ofLuxun’sbooks?Yes,she_________./No,she__________.【目标二：现在完成时的用法】用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。e.g:Thebottleisempty.I_____________(drink)allthemilk.Thebookwasherejustnow,butitisn’therenow.Who__________(take)it?Who__________(clean)theroom?It’ssoclean.Shedoesn’twanttoeatanything.becauseshe___________(eat)muchfood.表达这种含义的标志词：标志词用法（在什么句）含义举例already已经Hehasalreadycleanedhisroom.yet已经还Hashecleanedhisroomyet?Hehasn’tfinishedhisproject.just刚刚LindahasjustreachedHongKong.进阶操作：Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.(改为否定句和一般疑问句)_________you__________________homework____________?I______________________myhomework____________.表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。标志词用法（在什么句）含义举例ever曾经IhaveevertriedJapanesefood.never从未IhaveneverbeentoAustralia.before以前Hehasdonesuchajobbefore.upgrade操作2.0：_________you________________tothissong____________?你以前可曾听过这首歌？I_________________________toher____________.我以前未曾和她说过话。He________________________Guangdongfood__________.他以前从未吃过广东菜。表示某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次以动作发生的次数为标志。I__________________tothemusicthreetimes___________.这首音乐我以前听过三次。_________he__________thebooktwice?这本书他读过两遍了吗？before作为副词，常与before作为副词，常与ever，never已及twice,threetimes等连用，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句尾。用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至有可能继续延续下去。标志词含义举例for+时间段持续了....Ihavebeenlovedwithhimfor10years.since+过去时间点/一般过去时态的从句。自从Mylovelypethasbeendeadsince2monthsago.sofar/uptonow/in/duingthepast/last…迄今为止在过去的...中Sofar,ourcountryhassuccessfullysenttwomannedspacecraftsintospace.for和for和since引导的时间可以进行同义转换；对for和since引导的时间状语提问时，疑问词都用Howlong进入大神阶段：MissZhang_____________(work)inthisschoolforaboutthreeyears.We____________(be)friendssincewewerechildren.Inthepastthreeyears,there_______________(be)greatchangesinmyhometown.I________________here________tenyears.我在这儿住了10年了。You_______________English________fiveyears.你们学英语有五年了。I______________here_________tenyears_______.我自从10年前就住在这儿了。You______________English________fiveyears_______.你们自从5年前就学英语了。MrWang____________inthisfactory_______he_______tothiscity.自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。We_______________overtenEnglishsongs__________.选出此时此刻你学完现在完成时的心情。迄今为止，我们已经学了十多首英文歌曲。选出此时此刻你学完现在完成时的心情。【目标三：延续性动词和短暂性动词】英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。分类含义举例延续性动词动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay短暂性动词不能延续的动作，发生后立即结束open,close,finish,begin,e,go，arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy在现在完成时中，短暂性动词不能直接和for或since连用在现在完成时中，短暂性动词不能直接和for或since连用，要转化成相应的延续性动词或动词短语Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.

（T）Hehasalreadydied.（T）Hehasbeendead.（T）具体短暂性动词转化如下：变动词borrow→keep,buy→have,catchacold→haveacold,moveto→livein,beeinterestedin→beinterestedin变形容词die→bedead,open→beopen,close→beclosed,fallill→beill,变短语或者be+adv/prep是的，我变了join→bein/beamemberof,e→bein，leave→beaway,是的，我变了begin/start→beon,finish→beover,getup→beup,注意：不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。

延续性动词相关练习：按要求完成句子(同义句转换，每空一词)。

1.Thetwinsarrivedhomethreedaysago.

Thetwins____________________homeforthreedays.

2.Theyboughtanewputerlastweek.

Theyhave__________anewputer___________lastweek.

3.TheforeignguestsleftChinatwodaysago.

Theforeignguestshave_____________________fromChinafortwodays.

4.Thefilmbeganfifteenminutesago.

Thefilm________________________________forfifteenminutes.

5.Theoldladydied10yearsago.

Theoldlady_________________________________for10years.【目标四：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别】Ⅰ.时间上有差异一般过去时与现在没有关系，与表示过去的时间状语连用，如:ago，lastyear，justnow，theotherday等。现在完成时与现在有关系,不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:Hehasebackhome.（说明现在他在家。）Hecamebackhomelastyear.（只能说明他去年回来过,不能说明他现在在不在家，可能后来又出去了,但至今未归。)Ⅱ.结果上有差异现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作，现在完成时强调对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。一般过去时强调动作发生在“过去”，和现在没有关系。例：She________thepianoforsixyears，butshedoesn’tplaynow.A.haveplayed B.playedC.hasplayed【随堂练习】1)IamveryhungrybecauseI_______________(nothave)breakfast.2)你做完作业了吗？做完了。_______you_______yourhomework?Yes,I______.你什么时候做完的？半小时前。When_______your_______it?Halfanhourago.3)你吃过饭了吗？吃过了。_________you________supper?Yes,I________.在哪儿吃的？学校。Where_________you_________it?Atschool.4)他一小时前看电视的。He__________TVanhourago.=He______________TV______anhourago.=He_______________TV_______anhour.5)I_____________(close)thedoorandnowthedoorisclosed.I__________(close)itjustnow.:单项选择

（）1.—Mygod!I______thebookfromthelibraryformorethantwomonths.

—Gotoseeifyouwillbefined.

A.havelentB.haveborrowed C.havereturnedD.havekept

（）2.—David,wherehaveyou______recently?

—Ihave______toShanghaiwithclassmates.

A.been,goneB.been,been C.gone,beenD.gone,gone

（）3.—WhereisJack’sbrother?Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.

—______.

A.HehasbeentoSuzhou B.HehasgonetoSuzhou

C.HeisgoingtoSuzhou D.HewillgotoSuzhou

（）4.Myfriendshave______theresincethefirmsetup.

A.workB.startworking C.beguntoworkD.worked

（）5.Sara______theSummerPalacetwice.

A.wenttoB.goesto C.hasgonetoD.hasbeento

（）6.It______20yearssincethey______toChina.

A.was,cameB.was,havee C.is,haveeD.is,came

（）7.______toItaly?No,never,butIwenttoFrance5yearsago.

A.DidyougoB.Haveyougone C.HaveyoubeenD.Areyougoing

（）8.SheisnotgoingtotheconcertsthisSundaynightbecauseshe______herticket.

A.didn’tloseB.haslost C.willloseD.didn’thave

（）9.StephenhasstudiedChineseinChina______.

A.forthreemonthsB.threemonthsago C.sincethreemonthsD.forthreemonthsago

（）10.We______ourmissionsofar.Itisreallyfantastic.

A．tofinishB.finish C.havefinishedD.finishing

（）11.Mathew_______already_______EtonTownsince1998.

A.have,livedB.has,lived C.have,live D.has,living

（）12.AreyoufamiliarwiththefamoussingerJayChou?

Certainly!I_________tohisconcertsmanytimes.

A.go B.havebeen C.havegone D.goes

（）13.Nowadaysmyhometownhastakenanewlook.Itissowonderful.

Really.Greatchanges_______________duringthepast30years.

A.havetakenplaceB.aretakenplace C.tookplaceD.takeplace

（）14.Whereismywallet?

I__________itherejustnowbutIcan’tfinditnow.

A.sawB.haveseen C.wasseeingD.see

（）15.It’s8:00now.You_______towriteyourhomeworkyet,Bob.

A.haven’tstartedB.didn’tstart C.don’tstartD.won’tstart

（）16.Myeldersister____anewpairoftrouserslastnight.I_______themon.Theyareperfect.

A.hasmade,triedB.made,tried C.hadmade,havetried D.made,havetried

（）17．We____howtodrivealready.When______youlearn?

Twoyearsago!

A.learned,doesB.learned,did C.havelearned,doesD.havelearned,did

（）18.Billy_____upforafewminutes.

A.wasgettingB.isgetting C.hasgotD.hasbeen

（）19．____Jimandyou_____theparagraphs_____?

Yes,we____themlastnight.

A.Have,copied,already,have B.Did,copy,yet,did

C.