专题7.被动语态知识梳理与精练

Successistheabilitytogofromonefailuretoanotherwithnolossofenthusiasm.成功是，你即使跨过一个又一个失败，但也没有失去热情。被动语态一、被动语态的结构 被动语态的结构为be动词加动词的过去分词,即“be+done”。在不同的时态中,be动词有不同的形式。二、常用被动语态的情况1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。ThiswatchismadeinChina.这块手表是中国制造的。2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。Manytreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年必须种许多树。3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的广泛使用)4.动作的发出者是物。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.许多房子被洪水冲走了。三．不同时态的被动语态1.时态和语态的结合是河北中考的必考点,尤其是一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are+doneTheclassroomiscleanedbyus.一般过去时was/were+doneThekitewasmadebyhim.一般将来时will/shall+bedoneTreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.2.其他时态的被动语态时态被动语态例句现在完成时have/has+beendoneTheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.过去完成时had+beendoneTheworkhadbeenfinishedbyJimbylastweek.现在进行时am/is/are+beingdoneTheflowersarebeingwateredbyher.过去进行时was/were+beingdoneAletterwasbeingwrittenbyher.过去将来时would/begoingto+bedoneHesaidakitewouldbemadebyhim.3.含有情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词+be+done”。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedtoday.你的作业今天必须完成。四．被动语态的技巧指导（1）根据选项定考点单项填空对语态的考查均会结合时态，4个选项中一般包含两个主动语态，两个被动语态；而其对时态的考查一般不会涉及语态。因此，如果选项中出现被动语态，即可判断此题考查被动语态，由此便可排除非被动语态的选项。（2）根据时态选答案首先，考生需要根据关键词（时间状语）来判断时态。对于没有关键词的试题，则要根据上下文已经给出的时态、语境理解并结合常识进行判断。如：—Tellmeonethingyou’reproudofinyourjuniorhighschool,Tony.—I___asthecaptainoftheschoolfootballteam.A.chooseB.choseC.amchosenD.waschosen方法点拨第1步：根据选项A、B为时态，C、D为被动语态可知本题考查被动语态，因此可排除A、B两项。第2步：再根据语境可知，Tony被选为校足球队队长是他初中生活中最值得骄傲的一件事情，说明这是已经发生过的事情，应该用一般过去时。故选D。五．常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况（1）主动语态中有些感官动词（如：hear,see,watch,notice等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原，即：hear(see)sb.dosth.→sb.beheard(seen)todosth.。Weoftenhearthegirlsinginherroomintheevening.→Thegirlisoftenheardtosinginherroomintheeveningbyus.晚上我们经常听到那个女孩在她的房间里唱歌。（2）主动语态中有些使役动词（如：make,let等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原，即：makesb.dosth.→sb.bemadetodosth.。主动结构表示被动意义的情况（1）动词open,read,sell,write等作不及物动词,且它们的主语为物时。如：Thepenwriteswell.这支钢笔很好用。（2）某些连系动词（如smell,look,taste,feel,sound等）描述某物特性时。如：Thiskindofflowersmellssweet.这种花闻起来很香。（3）一些动词的主动形式表被动意义。①beworthdoing中,doing表示被动意义。如：Thismovieisworthwatching.这部电影值得一看。②“need/require+doing”相当于“need/require+tobedone”,tobedone是不定式的被动结构。如：Yourcarneedswashing.=Yourcarneedstobewashed.你的汽车该洗了。随堂练习一．根据汉语意思完成句子1.Thiskindofpants well.这种裤子卖得好。

2.Thatstory interesting.那个故事听起来有趣。

3.Thisbookisworth .这本书值得读。

4.Mywatchneeds .

我的表需要修理。5.Thisshopis at8:00inthemorning.

这家商店早上八点开门。二．单项选择1.—DoyoulikethefamousbasketballstarKobe?—Yes,Ireallylikehim.He___bymanypeoplearoundtheworld.A.admireB.admiresC.isadmired D.isadmiring2.—Yourscarffeelssoft.DidyoubuyitinChina?—No,IboughtitinFrance.Butit___inChina.A.ismaking B.wasmadeC.makes D.made3.—DuringtheAPECsummit(峰会),Beijing’sskywassoblueandclear.—It___APECblue.Buttoobaditnolongerstaysthatway.A.iscalled B.arecalledC.called D.calls4.China’shotwords,liketuhao,damaandlianghui,___inthewesternmedia(媒体).A.usewidely B.iswidelyusedC.useswidely D.arewidelyused5.—___freebreakfasts___inallschoolsinChina?—No,notyet.Onlyintheruralareas.A.Are;made B.Do;serveC.Are;served D.Do;make6.WiththedevelopmentofChina,Chinese___byalargenumberofpeopleintheworld.A.speaks B.isspokenC.speak D.isspeaking7.—Whydoestheearthlookblueinspace?—Becausemostoftheearth’ssurface___byocean.A.covers B.iscoveredC.cover D.arecovered8.Emilywasgladthatshe___forherhonestyatthatmeeting.A.praises B.praisedC.ispraised D.waspraised9.HeJiang___togiveaspeechatthegraduationceremonyatHarvardUniversitylastmonth.A.invites B.invitedC.isinvited D.wasinvited10.NowallChinesecouples___tohavetwochildren.A.allow B.allowedC.areallowed D.wereallowed课后练习一．完成下列句子这些女孩子们一个月之前被教授如何跳舞,现在她们能跳好了。Thegirlshowtodanceamonthagoandnowtheycanwell.

一座桥将在河上被建造。将来它能节省我们很多时间Abridgeovertheriver.Itcansaveusalotoftimeinthefuture.

如果学生们被允许拥有兼职工作,他们拥有的学习时间可能就更少了。Ifstudentstohaveaparttimejob,theymayhavelesstimetostudy.

4.WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.（改写成被动语态）→ 5.Hegavemeabook.（改写成被动语态）→ .(将间接宾语改为主语)→ .(将直接宾语改为主语)6.Weshouldtakegoodcareofthechildren.（改写成被动语态）→ 7.Isawsomeboysplayingfootballintheplayground.（改写成被动语态）→ 8.Weoftenhearthegirlsinginherroomintheevening.（改写成被动语态）→ 二．单项选择1.—Haveyoufinishedyourreportongreenlife?—Notyet.I'llmakeitifI___anothertwodays.A.give B.amgivenC.willgive D.willbegiven2.Paper___first___about2,000yearsagoinChina.A.is;creating B.is;createdC.has;created D.was;created3.—Maria,IlookedforyoueverywhereatKevin’sbirthdaypartyyesterday.—Oh,Ididn’tgo,becauseI.

A.hasn’tinvited B.wasn’tinvitedC.isn’tinvited D.didn’tinvited4.—Whydidyourschoolwinthebasketballgame?—Becausebasketballasanafterschoolactivityinourschoolthisterm.

A.hasplayed B.wasplayedC.isplayed D.willplay5.AtalkonhowtobeeasuccessfullearnerintheschoolhallnextMonday.

A.willgive B.givesC.isgiven D.willbegiven6..Mybrother