专题11.Unit2词汇与语法

Unit2词汇与语法一．重点词汇学习1.seeeyetoeyewithsb(onsth)2.anxiousadj.3.anger n.4.mental adj.5.struggleⅵ.&n.6.fromone’spointofview7.thinksththrough8.concern n.9.stress n.10.design vt.11.expert n.12.likely adj.13.unique adj.14.performance n.15.eager adj.16.account n.17.drawsthoutofsth18.operationn.19.response n.二．重点词汇解析1.seeeyetoeyewithsb.(onsth.)(在某事上)与某人看法一致[例]It'snormalthatyoucan'tseeeyetoeyewithhimonsomething.你在某些事情上和他看法不一致是很正常的。[归纳拓展]haveagoodeyefor对……有鉴赏力haveone'seyeon密切注视；监视insb.'seyes依某人看keepaneyeon 照看；注意keepaneyeoutfor密切注意；留神closeone'seyesto对……视而不见[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Thewomanhasagoodeyemusic，whichamazesallofus.②CanyoukeepaneyemybagwhileIgotothebathroom?③Youcan'tjustcloseyoureyeshisbadbehavior.④Hedoesn'tthisquestion.在这个问题上他跟你看法不一样。2.anxiousadj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的[例]Hewasabitanxiousaboutthesafetyofthemachinery.他有点担心机器的安全性。[归纳拓展](1)beanxiousfor/about(＝beworried/concernedabout)为……担心/担忧beanxiousfor(＝beeagerfor/bekeenon)渴望……beanxious(forsb.)todosth. 渴望(某人)做……beanxiousthat...渴望……(从句谓语用shoulddo，should可以省略)(2)anxiouslyadv. 焦躁地；急切地anxietyn. 担心；焦虑；渴望[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Wewereanxiousforeveryone(know)thetruth.②HeseemedanxioustheingCollegeEntranceExamination.③Theparentsofthosetwochildrenwerewaiting(anxious)outsidethehall.④Sheschoolandgetajob.她渴望毕业找一份工作。3.strugglevi.&n．奋斗；斗争；搏斗[例]Thepanyisstrugglingtofindbuyersforitsnewproduct.这个公司正竭力为它的新产品寻找买主。[归纳拓展](1)struggleagainst/withsb./sth. 同……做斗争；与……抗争struggleforsth. 为……而斗争struggletodosth. 努力去做某事；挣扎着做某事struggletoone'sfeet 挣扎着站起来Itisastruggleforsb.todosth. 对某人来说做某事是难事[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Theyhadtostruggleallkindsofdifficulties.②Icouldseetheyoungboystruggling(free)himself.③Hehasbeenstrugglingsuccessinhisbusiness.④Sheisafamilyalone.她独自一人艰难地养活一家人。4.thinksth.through充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透[例]Doyouhavetimetothinkthedetailsofyouroptionthrough?你有时间彻底考虑选修课的细节问题吗？[归纳拓展]thinkhighly/muchof 高度评价thinkabout 考虑thinkof 想起thinkback 回想thinkover 仔细考虑thinkup 想出；编造出[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Everyoneinthevillagethinks(high)oftheyoungman.②I'vebeentryingtothinktothatlastevening.③Shehadtothinkagoodreasonforbeinglate.④Let'shissuggestionsbeforeweseehimagain.让我们仔细考虑他的建议后再和他见面。5.concernn．担心，忧虑；关心vt.涉及；让(某人)担忧[例]Shehasn'tbeenseenforfourdaysandthereisconcernforhersafety.她已四天不见踪影，大家对她的安全很担心。[归纳拓展](1)showconcernfor 对……关切；关心(2)Itconcerns/concernedsb.that... 令某人担忧的是……(3)concernedadj. 担心的；关注的as/sofaras...beconcerned 关于；至于；就……而言beconcernedabout/for 关心；担忧；挂念beconcernedwithsth. 牵涉；与……有关concerningprep. 关于；就……而言[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Asfarasthespacetechnology(concern)，Chinaranksthirdintheworld.②Heaskedseveralquestions(concern)thefutureofthepany.③Moreandmorepeopleshowgreatconcernroadsafety.④Thischapterthehistoricalbackground.本章旨在讲述历史背景。[小片段填空]AsfarasI(concern)，thepublicareshowingmoreandmoreconcerneducation.Sothebooks(concern)academicsarepopularwiththem.Butitconcernsmethehealthoftheyoungareinbadconditionnow，whichisconcernedwell.6.stressn．精神压力，紧张；强调vt.强调，着重[例]Itwasundertakenunderthestressofdesperation.那是在绝望的迫使下作出的一种反应。[归纳拓展](1)lay/placestresson 强调；着重于underthestressof 在……压力下；为……所迫beunderstress 处于压力之下(2)stresstheimportanceof... 强调……的重要性(3)stressfuladj. 压力重的；紧张的(4)stressedadj. 焦虑的[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Tomyexcitement，mynewjobismuchless(stress)．②Itmust(stress)thatthisdiseaseisveryrare.③Inthemeeting，theylaidstresstheimportanceofreducingpollution.④Unemploymentandhiswife'shealthputhim．失业及妻子的健康使他处于巨大的压力中。[小片段填空]Stressisastateofbeingupsetwhenwearestressforalongtime，andnobodylikes(place)stressonbyothers，fortoomuchstresscanmakeussick.Asastudent，mydailylifeisusually(stress)，andmostofusfeel(stress)everyday，soIhopeparentsshouldn'tstressimportanceoflearningtousanymorewhenweareathome.7.designvt.设计；制订n.设计；设计艺术[例]Theyaskedmetodesignaposterforthecampaign.他们请我为这次运动设计一张海报。[归纳拓展](1)bydesign＝onpurpose 故意地，蓄意地(2)bedesignedtodosth. 目的是做某事；被设计用于做某事bedesignedfor 打算作……用；为……而设计bedesignedas 打算当作……；设计成……designern. 设计者；谋划者[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①HUNCHisdesigned(connect)highschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.②AsfarasIknow，thecourseisdesignedbeginners.③I'msurethatshedidn'tleadtotheargumentdesign.④Themethoduseinsmallgroups.这种方法是为小组使用设计的。8.likelyadj.可能的，预料的，有希望的[例]HeislikelytoleaveforNewYorknextweek.他下周很可能去纽约。[归纳拓展](1)sb./sth.belikelytodo... 可能做……Itislikelythat...可能……Notlikely!不会！不可能！(2)unlikelyadj.不可能的(3)unlikeprep.不像；与……不同[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Theyarelikely(finish)thejobonSunday.②Itislikelythegirlwillwinthematch.③Thisis(likely)tobethewholestory.④hewillehereintwodays.他很可能两天后会来这儿。9.performancen．表现；表演；执行，履行[例]Insidethetheatre，theyweregivingaperformanceofBizet'sCarmen.他们正在剧院里演出比才的《卡门》。[归纳拓展](1)give/putonaperformance 演出；表演(2)performvt.&vi. 表演；履行；执行；表现performa(n)...rolein 在……中起……作用performone'spromise 尽职责/履行诺言performanoperation/experiment做手术/实验performern.执行者，实行者；履行者；表演者[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Youareexpected(perform)yourpromise.②Theygave(perform)tocollectmoneyfortheproject.③(perform)sofrequently，theplaywasfamiliartoalotofpeople.④ItwasbytheFrenchteam.那是法国队一次令人叹服的表现。10.eageradj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的[例]Robert，whousedtobeasuccessfulcaptain，iseagertotalkabouthislifeinthearmy.罗伯特曾是个成功的上尉，他很想谈谈他的军队生活。[归纳拓展](1)beeagerforsth. 渴望得到某物beeagertodosth. 渴望做某事(2)eagerlyadv. 热切地，渴望地(3)eagernessn. 热切；渴望(4)longforsth. 渴望得到某物longtodosth. 渴望做某事[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Thepoorgirliseagerknowledge.②EachweekI(eager)countedmygrowingsavingsincreasedbyextraworkhereandthere.③Someofuswereconfidentandeager(take)partintheclassactivity，andotherswerenervousandanxious.④Sheherparents'approval.她渴望得到父母的赞许。11.accountvt.认为是，视为；说明；总计有n.账户；描述；解释；说明；报道[例]Hehasabadnameonaccountofhisdishonesty.他因不诚实而声名狼藉。[归纳拓展](1)accountfor 说明(原因等)；做出解释；占……(比例)(2)open/closeabankaccount 开通或注销银行账户onaccountof＝becauseof 由于；因为onnoaccount 不论什么理由都不oaccount＝oconsideration 考虑……；把……考虑在内[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①He'llhavetoaccountwhereeverycentgoes.②Beforemakingadecision，weshouldtaketheneedsofcustomersaccount.③Hecan'trunveryfastaccountofhisbadhealth.④Womenthemajorityofourcustomers.我们的顾客中女性占多数。12.responsen．回复；反应，响应[例]Wordcamethattheschoolwouldmakearesponsetothestudents'requestsoon.有消息传来，学校会很快对学生们的请求作出回应。[归纳拓展](1)inresponseto 响应；反应(通常作状语)make(no)responseto 对……(不)作出反应/回答(2)respondvi. 回答；响应；作出反应respondto... 回应……；对……作出反应respondthat... 回答说……[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Theproductwasdevelopedin(respond)tocustomers'demand.②Sherespondedmyletterwithaphonecall.③“Congratulations!ButIthinksomeonewasmistaken，”Dennis(response)．④hisremarksfromthegovernment.政府方面对他的评论一直没有反应。随堂练习Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theseworkersstruggledbetterworkingconditions.2．Igotupandwalked(calm)outintotheearlyevening.3．Theaccident(concern)withthebusdriver.4．Hehadtocontinuetolearnsomethingtoequiphimselfthestressoflosingajob.5．Thelawyerwassokindthathearguedthepoorman.6．Heis(anxious)waitingfortheresultofthemedicaltests.7．Theincidenthasfurtherincreasedthe(tense)betweenthetwocountries.8．Forsuchayoungman，itisreallyavery(stress)job.9．Thepresident(shoot)intheheadanddiedonthespot.10．Theprogrammeistargetedat(improve)thehealthofwomenofallages.Ⅱ.短语填空seeeyetoeyewithsb.(onsth.)；shootup；keepthepeace；calmdown；fromone'spointofview；thinksth.through；backdown；ontheotherhand1．Atlastthewildwind．2．IwishIcouldbringyoutoseethesituation．3．Youmustalwaysaproblembeforeacting.4．Facedwithourevidence，theothersidehadto．5．Ontheonehand，thisjobdoesn'tpayverymuch，butIcan'tgetanotherone.6．Weeachotherthis.7．Thatboysincewelastsawhim.8．Thepeace­keepingtroopstrytoofthatplace.hasshotup8.keepthepeaceof简单句、并列句和复合句英语句子按其结构可以分为三类：简单句、并列句和复合句。[观察例句]判断下列句子是简单句，并列句还是复合句？1．Doeseverydinnerwithyourparentsseemtoturnintoabattle？2．Doyoufeelthatyoujustcannotseeeyetoeyewiththemonanything？3．Youmightworryaboutyourchangingvoice，weightproblemsorspots.4．Whenitallgetstoomuch，yourparentsareoftenthefirsttargetsofyouranger. 复合句5．Itcanbeabigheadachetobalanceyourdevelopingmentalneedstoo.6．Unfortunately，yourparentsdonotalwaysagreeandthatmakesyoufeelunhappy. 并列句7．Ofcourse，Iwantedtoshowmyconcernforhiscondition，soIaskedhimtoseeadoctor.8．Thegoodnewsisthatthisstormyperiodwillnotlast.[归纳用法]一、简单句简单句是只含一个主谓结构的句子，按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.她喜欢集邮。Canyoufinishtheworkintime?你能按时完成工作吗？Sitdown，please.请坐。Whatgoodnewsitis!多好的消息啊！[即学即练1]完成句子①Thestory．那个故事听起来很有趣。②Itoday.我今天没做早操。③fivelanguages?他会讲五种语言吗？④bytrain!让他们坐火车去吧！⑤itis!这是个多么有趣的故事啊！二、并列句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫作并列句，其基本结构是“简单句＋并列连词＋简单句”。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。并列连词有and，but，or，so等。Thewatchischeap，butitgoesquitewell.这块表虽然便宜，但走得很好。Itwaslate，sowewenthome.天晚了，所以我们就回家了。Hurryup，oryou'llmissitall.快点，不然你什么都赶不上了。Standoverthereandyou'llbeabletoseeitbetter.站在那边，你就能看得更清楚了。[即学即练2]完成句子①Herfatherisadoctor，．她的爸爸是个医生，她的妈妈是个作家。②Welovepeace．我们热爱和平，但是我们不惧怕战争。③Iwastired，．我累了，于是早早回家了。④Imustworkhard，．我要努力学习，否则考试要不及格了。三、复合句复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用分为表语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句和主语从句等。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们资金短缺。Theythinkthatthebridgewasbuilt100yearsago.他们认为这座桥建于100年前。Whenyoufinishthework，youmaygoouttoplaywithSam.你完成工作就可以和Sam一起出去玩了。Themanwhohasanumbrellainhishandismyuncle.手上拿了一把雨伞的那个人是我的叔叔。Whathesaidistrue.他说的是真的。[即学即练3]完成句子①isunknown.他生于何时还不知道。②Thetroubleis．问题是他丢了钱。③Iaskedhim．我问他是否完成了作业。④，weshallgohiking.如果明天不下雨，我们要去徒步旅行。⑤Thisisth