上海市牛津版初三英语自招冲刺讲义定语从句T

自招英语教师辅导教案学员编号：所属年级：初三课时数：3学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：课程主题：自招语法——定语从句授课时间：学习目标1.掌握定语从句概念；2.熟练关系代词；3.正确区分that和which教学内容MatchColumnAwithColumnBandwritedowntherightorderbelow.ColumnAColumnB总共突然更加与…相处某人总是做某事别无选择只好做某事对…感到惊讶毕竟许多，大量的（不可数）等等、对某人生气因…生气年度报告生气…的答案A.inallB.theanswertoC.anannualreportD.beangrywithsb.E.anamountofF.beamazedatG.sb.isalwaysdoingsth.H.allthemoreI.allofasuddenJ.getalongwithK.havenoalternativebuttodoL.afterallM.andsoonN.beangryatO.beinangerKeys：AIHJGKFLEMDNCOB提问什么是定语从句，定语从句与简单句及并列句的比较。Hehastwosons,neitherofwhomlivesinShanghai.Hehastwosons,andneitherofthemlivesinShanghai.I'vegottwosisters.BothofthemareinShanghai.第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词whom指代twosons,在定语从名中介词of的宾语。第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词and连接，人称代词them指代twosons。第三个为两个独立的句子，两个句子中间用句号，两句开头的处一个字母都大写。教学建议2：让学生分别找出句子中的定语从句并阐述自己对句子的理解，翻译句子。Famoussayings1.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.2.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.3.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.4.Opportunityandluckalwaysshowsappreciationforthosewhoareboldinstruggling.5.Thosewhomakemostpeoplehappyarethehappiestintheworld.keys：谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。自助者天助。机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人。能使大多数人幸福的人是世界上最幸福的人。知识点1：定语从句的定义【知识梳理1】a、定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。b、定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句，即，一个句子充当定语。备注：学生结合图理解上面两句话，可以让学生对定语从句的构成有个大致的了解，学生的注意力会慢慢的转向定语从句的构成，如先行词、连词和从句。c、先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。如上面例句和图中的theteam，theman。d、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系词关系副词：where,when,whye、限定性与非限定性定语从句1.限定性定语从句是不可去掉的定语从句。如果没有它，主句的意思就不完整。在这种复合句中，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。Thebook(which/that)Ineedisnotinthelibrary.我需要的那本书不在图书馆里。2.非限定性定语从句—是可以去掉的定语从句，去掉后句子的意思仍然完整。主句和从句之间用逗号隔开，从句附加说明先行词。LaoWang’sperformance,whichboredeveryone,wentonandon.总结：that不用于引导非限定性定语从句。课堂练习：把下列每对句子连成一个定语从句。Theplaceisveryattractive.Wevisitedtheplacelastweek.Thisisoneofthebooks.ThebookswerewrittenbyLuXun.Ourenvironmentispollutedbythewastematerial.Thewastematerialispouredintotheairandwaterbythechemicalworks.Theshipwassunktothebottomofthesea.Theshipwasattackedbythepirates.Thehousesweredestroyedintheearthquake.Thehouseswerebuiltmorethan30yearsago.【知识梳理2】关系词的用法词形先行词充当从句的关系代词Who人主，宾，表Whom人宾Which物主，宾，That人或物主，宾，表As人或物主，宾，表Whose(=ofwhomorofwhich人或物定关系副词When(=inetc.+which)时间词状Where地点词状Why=(forwhich)reason状That在口语中可以替代关系副词状做定语从句口诀：三步走①找先行词（先行词一般是名词和代词）②定语从句中缺什么成分，就补什么成分（此成分要看先行词在定语从句中所起的作用是什么，请看上表）③把先行词带入定语从句中，看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分是什么，或搭配什么介词【例题精讲】教学建议：这部分是warmingupexercises，让学生了解什么是定语从句，及定语从句总的做题思路。1.Icanthinkofmanycases_______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where【参考答案】D【思路解析】从句不缺成分，把先行词manycases带入定语从句中inmanycases,应该是做地点状语，因此选D，或inwhich。2.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom【参考答案】D【思路解析】把先行词someone带入定语从句中theycantalkfrequentlywithsomeone，因此选D。3.Inanhour,wecantraveltoplaces_____wouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.A.where B.when C.which D.what【参考答案】D【思路解析】定语从句缺少主语，先行词places，是物因此选C。注意不能看表示地点的先行词就直接选地点状语where。4.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,______wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.which B.that C.where D.it【参考答案】A【思路解析】定语从句缺少主语，先行词是一句话，表示一件事，因此选C。5.Wewentthroughaperiod______municationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.A.what B.whose C.inwhich D.withwhich【参考答案】C【思路解析】把先行词period带入定语从句中municationswereverydifficultinaperiod，因此选C。难点很多学生不认识period或该单词的搭配。【巩固练习】填写下表，在相应出划√

关系代词指人指物subject(主语)object(宾语)attribute（定语）

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√用适当的关系代词填空。Themitteeconsistsof20members,fiveof______arewomen.Heistheonlyperson______Iwanttotalkto.Thebank______wasopenedlastweekisaverymodernone.Mr.Smith,______isasurgeon,isnowinSwedenasavisitingscholar.Theaudience,mostof______werecollegestudents,enjoyedtheconcert.Thegentleman____________youtoldmeaboutyesterdayprovedtobeathief.Isthisthereason___________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace ___________，justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.TheUnitedStatesismadeupoffiftystates,oneof___________isseparatedfromtheothersbythePacificOcean.Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,___________isalwaysbusyattheweekend.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewasall___________kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,without ___________therewon'tbemuchwork.Samuelsurvivedwhenthecar___________hewasapassengerinturnedofftheroadandhitatree.Theresultofthestudyindicatedthat.itwasthetypeoffat __________madethedifference.Sailingacrosstheoceanalonewasanachievement___________tookcourage.Alecaskedthepolicemanwith___________heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.Icanthinkofmanycases___________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeonewith___________theycantalkfrequently.Inanhour,wecantraveltoplaces________wouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,_______wasbeyondhiswildestdream.Keys:whom that which/that who whom whom/that;whose;that/whichwhich;which;that;which;that/which;that;which/that;whom;whom;which/that;which;【知识梳理3】表示所有格：whose(既表示人的所有也表示物的所有)<1>表示人的所有eg:Thegirlwhosefatherisamodelworkerisourmonitor.<2>表示物的所有eg:I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.<3>当关系代词whose指物时可以用“of+which”替换；即，whose+n=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n。课堂练习1.例题讲解1.—Howdidyougetintouchwiththetravelagent,Robin?—Oh,that’seasy.IsurfedtheInternetandthencalledone________thetelephonenumberisprovided.A.whichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.whose答案：C.解析：因为ofwhich引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。ofwhichthetelephonenumber=whosetelephonenumber。2.Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that答案：B解析：考查定语从句。先行词是children,关系代词作定语，指孩子们的饮食习惯，所以选择B。3.Thepeople,________hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.A.allwhosehomesB.allofwhosehomesC.alltheirhomesD.alloftheirhomes答案：B.解析：考查非限制性定语从句，allofwhosehomes=alloftheirhomes他们所有的房子。2.用适当的关系代词填空。Iwillneverforgetthedays_______wespenttogetherinthearmytenyearsago.Thehouses_________werebuiltinthe1980sareofpoorqualityandthereforewillbetorndowninthenearfuture.Theman________cameheretogiveuslessonsisaprofessorinBeijingUniversity.4.Heistheathlete______leftarmwasbrokenduringthematch.5.Thehouse________doorsandwindowsareallmadeofsteelareusedtostoredailynecessities.6.Guilinisoneofthecities_______sceneryattractsmillionsofvisitorseachyear.Whichwhichwhowhosewhosewhose【知识梳理4】关系代词作介词宾语：介词+which（指物),不可省介词+whom（指人),不可省介词后不用who、that1.介词的确定方法①根据先行词来确定②根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定③根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定2.介词的位置①一般情况下，介词放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。②固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:Lookfor/after/forwardto、carefor、takecareof、hearof/about/from,等.Tips介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.1.名词+介词+关系代词Thisistheteacherwhosedaughterisafamousdoctor.=Thisistheteacherthedaughterofwhomisafamousdoctor.2.数词+介词+关系代词(含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数）Wehavethreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.3.代词+介词+关系代词（代词有all、both、none、neither、either、some、any等）Theoldwomanhastwosons,bothofwhomareteachers.4.形容词最高级+介词+关系代词Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland.5.介词+关系代词+名词Hespentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehestudiedmedicine.【知识梳理5】关系代词只能用that，而不能用which的情况：1)当先行词被为不定代词。如：Thereisnothing(that)Icansayaboutit.2）先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如：ThisisthebestbasketballmatchthatIhaveeverseen.3）先行词被theonly或thevery修饰时。如：Theonlythingthatwecandoistoaskourteachers’help.Isthistheverymuseumthatyouvisitedtheotherday?4)先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstEnglishfilmthatIsawwas“OliverTwist”.WhenforeignerstalkaboutChina,thefirstthatestomindistheGreatWall.5）被修饰的先行词被any,all,much,no,little,few等修饰时。如：Iaminterestedinallthatyouhavetoldme.Thereisn’tmuchthatIcando.Heisoneofthefewthatcanworkitoutinfiveminutes.6）先行词既包含人又包含物时。例如：Theytalkedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthattheyhadvisited.7）先行词是疑问代词时。如：Whichisthebookthatheboughtyesterday?Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminthegame?8）先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时。如：Thisisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.Heisnotthemanthathewas.【知识梳理9】关系代词的省略关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语（动词宾语）时可以省略，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不能省略。that/whichEg:Shefinallygotthebookshewanted.(限制性定语从句)/Thebook,whichsheboughtlastweek,isalovestory.(非限制性定语从句)【知识梳理10】经典易混易错定语从句练习与解析有些定语从句方面的题，如果不仔细审题、不弄清句意和句子结构，就很可能把一些似是而非的东西搞混，从而降低解题的准确性。要想解决这个问题就得从准确理解句意和理清句子结构入手。1．①Wholivesinthehouse＿＿＿windowsfacesouth？②Wholivesinthehouse＿＿＿thewindowsfacesouth？A．whoseB．whichC．ofwhichD．that解析：答案是①A②C。在句①中windows前没有定冠词，它所缺的是定语形容词，而whose的用法就是在定语从句中作定语且既可指人也可指物。在句②中windows前有定冠词，所以要填的内容不能作前置定语，又因为“房子的窗户”用英语表达是“thewindowsofthehouse”，故可用ofwhich引导定语从句。2．①Isthisfactory＿＿＿youvisitedlastyear？②Isthisthefactory＿＿＿＿＿＿youvisitedlastyear？A．thatB．ofwhichC．theoneD．where解析：答案是①C②A。在句①中factory前没有定冠词，这说明this是作它的定语。这样，句中就缺少表语，也就是说定语从句缺少先行词，故选C（theone后省略了that）。在句②中this作主语，thefactory作表语，其后带一个that引导的定语从句，故选A3．①Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentswho＿＿＿French．②Johnisoneofthestudentswho＿＿＿French．A．knowB．knowsC．knowingD．known解析：答案是①B②A。在句①中的句意是“约翰是学生中唯一懂法语的那个学生”，其重心是theonlyone故从句谓语动词应与one一致。在句②中的句意是“约翰是懂法语的学生中的一个”，也就是“懂法语的学生不止一个，约翰只是其中之一”，其重心是thestudents，故从句中谓语动词应与students一致。4．①WhenIhavetrouble，heistheonlyone＿＿＿Icanaskforhelp．②WhenIhavetrouble，heistheonlyone＿＿＿Icangoforhelp．A．whomB．towhomC．whichD．towho解析：答案是①A②B。句①中，在结构上所要添的内容在从句中作ask的宾语其句式是asksb．forsth．，故用whom引导定语从句。在句②中，go是不及物动词其句式是gotosb．forsth．，故用towhom引导定语从句。5．①Thisistheknife＿＿＿Iusuallycutmypencil．②Thisistheknife＿＿＿Iusuallyusetocutmypencil．A．withwhichB．whichC．bywhichD．withthat解析：答案是①A②B。在句①中，定语从句的句式是cutmypencilwiththeknife，故用withwhich引导定语从句。在句②中，定语从句的结构是usetheknifetocutmypencil，故用which引导定语从句。6．①LastsummerhewenttoBeijing，＿＿＿hehadvisitedtwice．②LastsummerhewenttoBeijing，＿＿＿hevisitedalotofplacesofinterest．A．whichB．whereC．thatD．there解析：答案是①A②B。在句①中，所要填的内容在定语从句中应作visited的宾语，故应填关系代词which或that。在句②中，所要填的内容在定语从句中作地点状语，故应填关系副词where。7．①Hestillrememberthedays＿＿＿wespenttogether．②Hestillrememberthedays＿＿＿wespentthesummerholidaystogether．A．whichB．whenC．whereD．that解析：答案是①A或D②B。在句①中，所要填的内容在定语从句中应作spent的宾语，故应填关系代词which。在句②中，所要填的内容在定语从句中作时间状语，故应填关系副词when。8．①Thereason＿＿＿hegaveuswasthathiscarbrokedownontheway．②Thereason＿＿＿hewaslatewasthathiscarbrokedownontheway．A．whyB．whichC．howD．what解析：答案是①B②A。在句①中，所要填的内容在定语从句中应作gave的宾语，故应填关系代词which。在句②中，所要填的内容在定语从句中作原因状语，故应填关系副词why。基础题：单选1.Lucyhasmanypositivepersonalityfeatures_____makeherpopularatschool.A.where B.what C.that D.sothat2.Decreasingthegreenhouseeffect,________mayresultinglobalwarming,isaplicatedproblemfacingthewholeworld.A.which B.that C.why D.as3.Beingfromafamily_____producedgreatactors,it’snowonderthatshequicklyfoundherwayintothespotlight.A.who B.where C.what D.which4.AlotofloverschosetogetmarriedonDec.12,2012,_______thedate,themonthandtheyearmatch.A.that B.onwhich C.inwhich D.which5.MoYan,manyofworkswerebasedonhisbirthplace,wasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature2012.A.who B.whom C.whose D.his6.Thescientistshavemadeanexhaustivestudyofthevirus________manypeoplehavebeeninfected.A.towhich B.inwhich C.withwhich D.forwhich7.AChinesebasketballteamemployedtheformerNBAsuperstarTracyMacreadythisyear,________encouragedthewholeteamandthefans.A.when B.where C.which D.what8.Itwasfromthewalletsofthesepoorpeoplethatcigarettemakersaredeterminedtomakemoneybypromotinggoods________arelabeledbytheWHOasdangeroustohealth.（崇明县）A.where B.which C.what D.as9.“Ungelivable”issonewanEnglishwordcoinedontheInternet______isforbiddentoappearinofficialmediaordocumentsatpresent.（奉贤区）A.that B.whichC.it D.as10.Thephysicisthasmadeadiscovery,_____isofgreatimportancetotheprogressofscienceandtechnology.（普陀区）A.Ithinkwhich B.thatIthink C.whichIthink D.whichIthinkit11.TheCampaignofOccupyingWallStreetisareflectionofthecontradictions(矛盾)_____existinthesocietyoftheUS.（徐汇、松江、金山）A.onwhich B.thatC.where D.whose12.Aformerbillionairehasblownhisentirefortuneonsavingoldobjectsandhouses_________heisturningintoChina'slargestprivatefolkartmuseum.（闸北区）A.where B.which C.what D.how13. Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner________shehadpromisedus.A. what B. which C. that D. as keys:CADBCCCBDCBBD连词词形先行词充当从句的关系代词Who人主，宾，表Whom人宾Which物主，宾，That人或物主，宾，表As人或物主，宾，表Whose(=ofwhomorofwhich人或物定关系副词When(=inetc.+which)时间词状Where地点词状Why=(forwhich)reason状That在口语中可以替代关系副词状做定语从句口诀：三步走①找先行词（先行词一般是名词和代词）②定语从句中缺什么成分，我们就补什么成分（此成分要看先行词在定语从句中所起的作用是什么，请看上表）③把先行词带入定语从句中，看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分是什么，或搭配什么介词(一)关系代词用that而不用which的情况1.先行词为all,much,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,theone等不定代词时:2.先行词被形容词最高级或被theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时：3.先行词为数词或被序数词（含last）修饰时:4.先行词中既有人又有物时：5.先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：6.先行词为疑问代词(二)关系代词用that而不用which的情况1关系代词前有介词：2.非限制性定语从句中：3.先行词本身是that:(三)关系代词as在定语从句中的用法1.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句as多与such或thesame连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。thesame…that与thesame…as在意思上是不同的。as也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置(四)学习定语从句的几个问题1.定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性,定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致。2、限定性与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是不可去掉的定语从句。如果没有它，主句的意思就不完整。在这种复合句中，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限定性定语从句—是可以去掉的定语从句，去掉后句子的意思仍然完整。主句和从句之间用逗号隔开，从句附加说明先行词。交大附中自招练习（一）一．GrammarandVocabulary25.Gatheringintheauction___________manyauctioneers,portersandbusinessmenwhenthecontentsoftheParisOperaHouse________auctionedoff.A,were,wereB,was,werebeingC,is,arebeingD,are,is26.______seeingafrighteningvisionofherself,Christinefainted,severalhourslatershewasawakenedbythePhantom’swonderfulvoice.A.InB,FromC,UponD,At27.Ontheisland,onehundredyearsago,thereonce_______amysteriousmanwhocoveredhisuglyfacewithamask.A,livedB,toliveC,livingD,havinglived28.Thisshortstoryis________thenovelThePhantomoftheOpera.A,adaptedtoB,adaptedforC,adaptedfromD,adaptedin29.WhenChristinedecidedtopulloffthemask______mostofthePhantom’sface,shewasshockedat_______shesaw.A,tocoverallB,covering,allC,covered,allD,covering,that30._____betterrolesintheopera,thePhantomtaughtChristinehowtosing,andChristineenjoyedlisteningtohisvoice,too.A,TohelphergetB.HelpinghergetC,HelpedhertogetD,Helpedherget31.ThePhantom______Christinefromthestageinfrontofthewholeaudienceandthenescapedwithherdowntohissecretroomonthelake.A,capturedB,kidnappedC,releasedD,freed32.Heremended_______early,sothatwecanhaveenoughtimetomakeourselvesfortable.A,toarriveB,tohavearriveC,tobearrivingD,arriving33.Thepaintinghasbeenmadetolook_____thesameasitlookedbefore.A,pletelyB,entirelyC,exactlyD,wholly34.Hetookalongsomeofhispictures______gettingajobthere.A,inthehopeofB,inreturnforC,inhonorofD,forthepurposeof35.ThemodestEinstein,______withasenseofhumor,oncesaidthattheonlygifthehadwascuriosity.A.whomB,whoC,theoneD,that36._____yourpoorhealth,youmayaswell_____yourjobsoon.A.Regardlessof,notquitB,Inspiteof,toquitC,Asfaras,nottoquitD,Withregardto,quit37.Abookwithnonameonitscover______hiscuriosity,andhecouldn’t_____itatonce.A,met,buttoopenB,satisfied;,helpopeningC,raised,helpbuttoopenDaroused,helpbutopen38.Einstein_______attempttoexplaintheworkingsoftheuniverse_______todevelopmentofnuclearenergy.A,who,leadingB,whose,ledC,whom,leadingD,which,led39.AmancalledHansoncetoldEinsteinthathehadattemptedhislecture_______timesthathecould____itinmind.A,suchmany,bearB，somuch,keepC,somany,bearD,somany,learn40.Doctorshavelatelybeen______withthreelatestcasesoftheH7N9birdflu.A,presentedB,offeredC,rewardedD,awarded41.Aftertheyhadchangedtheirplaces,Hanswasledtoplatform_____hestoodwithmanyprofessorsandstudents_____him.A,which,surroundedB,where,surroundedC,which,surroundingD,where,surrounding42.Hanswasunabletomake______ofthequestion,foritwassoplexthathehadnoidea_______ascientistwastalkingabout.A,fun,howB,use,howC,point,whatD,sense,what43.Aspecialcoursewelldesignedherecan______thestudentswithachancetoimprovetheirlanguageskillsinlearning.A,gainB,provideC,giveD,offer44.Canyouimaginehowsadshewouldfeelwhenshelostthe_____ofsight?A，energyB,strengthC,powerD,force45.Shedidn’thaveenoughmoneywithhersoshecouldonlyafford______ofapples.A,twodollar’sworthB,worthtwodollar’sC,twodollars’worthD,worthtwodollars’46.Thisseniorcitizendidnotfeelwellenoughandsuggested_______apletemedicalexaminationforthesakeofhishealth.A,shouldbegivenB.shouldgiveC,givingD,beinggiven47.Arrivingonthescenicspot,thetourguide_____tousthatweshouldtakecareofourownstuffwhileenjoyingthebeautifulview.A,figuredoutB,pointedoutC,madeoutD,carriedout48.Wecanseewaterlilieswithroundleavesorpads_____inponds,andsomeofthemaresobigthatevenapersoncanwalkonthem.A,spreadingB,floatingC,flowingD,diving49.Seeingaboystrugglinginwater,hejumped______thisriver10meters______rescuehim.A,into,acrossB,through,wideC,over,roundD,off,over50.Longevitytrees,notevennear_______theoldesttrees,wasrecentlydiscoveredinHebeiProvince,China,butBristleconepinetreeis______theoldesttrees.A,being,ofB,tobeing,amongC,tobeing,amongD,tobeing,of51._____thegianttreesaresohuge,somehavehadholesmadeintheirbases.Theseholesarewideenoughforcarstodrivethrough.A.ForB.BecauseC,WhileD,Since52.Whynot______monwhitejasmineonaframeoverapath,whichwillsoonhaveacoverofwhite,sweetsmellingflowers.A,growB,growingC,togrowD,tobegrowing53.Plants_____toabsorbcarbondioxide,whichisharmfultohumans,andreleaseoxygen_____alllivingthingsneedtosurvive.A,flower,whatB,frame,whichC,serve,thatD,aim,what54.ItissaidthatheisoneofthestudentswhohavegraduatedfromHarvardUniversitywithgreat____________.A,reputationsB,honorsC,longevityD,property二．ClozeTheearliestMother’sDaycelebrationscanbe__64_backtospringcelebrationsofancientGreecein_65_Rhea,theMotheroftheGods.Duringthe1600"s,Englandcelebratedaday__66__MotheringSunday".Celebratedonthe4thSundayofLent(the40dayperiodleadinguptoEaster),"MotheringSunday"honoredthemothersofEngland.DuringthistimemanyoftheEngland’spoorworkedasservantsforthewealthy.Asmostjobswerelocatedfarfromtheir__68____.theservantswouldliveatthehousesoftheiremployers.OnMotheringSundaytheservantswouldhavetheday__69_andwereencouragedtoreturnhomeandspendthedaywiththeir___70___.Aspecialcake,calledthemotheringcake,wasoftenbroughtalongtoprovideafestivetouch.AsChristianityspreadthroughoutEuropethecelebrationchangedtohonorthe"MotherChurch"thespiritualpowerthatgavethemlifeand___71___themfromharm.OvertimethechurchfestivalblendedwiththeMotheringSundaycelebration.Peoplebeganhonoringtheirmothersaswellasthechurch.IntheUnitedStatesMother’sDaywasfirst__72__in1872byJuliaWardHowe(whowrotethewordstotheBattlehymnofthe

Republic)asadaydedicatedtopeace.Ms.Howewouldhold_73___Mother’sDaymeetingsinBoston,Masseveryear.In1907AnaJarvis,fromPhiladelphia,begana__74___toestablishanationalMother’sDay.Ms.Jarvispersuadedhermother’schurchinGrafton,WestVirginiatocelebrateMother’sDayonthesecondanniversaryofhermother’sdeath,the2ndSundayofMay.BythenextyearMother’sDaywasalsocelebratedinPhiladelphia.Ms.Jarvisandhersupportersbegantowritetoministers,businessman,andpoliticiansintheirquesttoestablishanationalMother'sDay.Itwas__75__asby1911Mother’sDaywascelebratedinalmostevery__76___.PresidentWoodrowWilson,in1914,madethe__77__announcementproclaimingMother’sDayasanationalholidaythatwastobeheldeachyearonthe2ndSundayofMay.WhilemanycountriesoftheworldcelebratetheirownMother’sDayat__78____timesthroughouttheyear,therearesomecountriessuchasDenmark,Finland,Italy,Turkey,Australia,andBelgiumwhichalsocelebrateMother’sDayonthesecondSundayofMay.64.A,tracedB,runC,foundD,returned65.A,favourB,honourC,nameD,charge66.A,titledB,definedC,calledD,described67.A.CongratulationsB,HonouredC,CelebratedD,Established68.A,employedB,employeesC,officersD,workers69.A,awayB.offC,throughD,on70.A,fathersB,sistersC,mothersD,brothers71.A,stoppedB,protectedC,coveredD,affected72.A,fightB,campaignC,struggleD,battle75.A,unsuccessfulB,uselessC,successfulD,insignificant76.A,nationB,stateC,villageD,country77.A,privateB,localC,officialD,native78.A,sameB,identicalC,similarD,different三Reading(A)You’veheardofthefatsuitandthepregnancysuit;nowmeetAGNES—theoldpersonsuit.AGNESstandsfor“AgeGainNowEmpathySystem”andwasdesignedbyresearchersatMIT’sAgeLabtoletyouknowwhatitfeelslike—physically—tobe75yearsold.“Thebusinessofoldagedemandsnewtools,”saidJosephCoughlin,directoroftheAgeLab.“Whilefocusgroupsandobservationsandsurveyscanhelpyouunderstandwhattheolderconsumerneedsandwants,youngmarketersnevergetthat‘Ahha!’momentofhavingdifficultyopeningajar,orgettinginandoutofacar.That’swhatAGNESprovides.”Coughlinandhisteamcarefullyadjustedthesuittomakethewearerjustasunfortableasanoldpersonwhohasspentalifetimeeatingpoorlyandnotdoingmuchexercise.Specialshoesprovideafeelingofimbalance,whilebracesonkneesandelbowslimitjoint

mobility

(机动性).Glovesgivethefeelingofdecreasedstrengthandmobilityinthehandsandwrists,andearplugsmakeitdifficulttohearhighpitchedsoundsandsofttones.Ahelmetwith

straps

(带)attachedtoitpressesthe

spine

(脊柱),andmorestrapsattachedtotheshoesdecreasehamstringflexibility,andshortenthewearer’sstep.AGNEShasbeenusedmostrecentlybyagroupofstudentsworkingonadesignof

anupdatedwalker.Bywearingthesuittheycouldseeforthemselveswhatdesignandmaterialswouldmakethemostsenseforaphysicallylimitedolderperson.Coughlinsaidthesuithasalsobeenusedbyclothingpanies,carpaniesandretailgoodspaniestohelpthemunderstandthelimitationsofanolderconsumer.“AGNESisnotthe

destiny

(天命)ofeverybody,”Coughlinsaid.“Sheisabadlybehavedladywhodidn’teatandexerciseverywell.Asecondarybenefitwe’vefoundwithAGNESisthatithasbeeapowerfultooltogetyoungerpeopletoinvestintheirlongtermhealth.”79.AGNESissupposedto_____.

A.maketheusersmorefortable

B.letusunderstandoldpeoplebetter

C.helpoldpeoplemovemorequickly

D.producenewtoolsfortheoldagebusiness80.The3rdparagraphmainlytellsabout_____.

A.howadvancedAGNESis

B.howAGNEShasbeendeveloped

C.howoldpeopleact

D.howAGNESworks81.Theunderlinedphrase“anupdatedwalker”mostlikelyrefersto_____.

A.anewkindo