高中英语北师大版必修二UNIT 6　Period 2　Lesson 1 A Medical Pioneer-Reading Comprehension

APIONEERFORALLPEOPLEYuanLongping,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”，wasoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsideredhimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehaddevoted❶hislife.YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortage❷offoodtoeat.Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.Aftergraduatingin1953,heworkedasaresearcher.YuanLongpingrealisedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.Instead,farmersneededtoboostyieldsinthefieldstheyhad.Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.Yuanwasconvinced❸thattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventional❹crops.However,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.Today,itisestimated❺thatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumption❻inChinaiscomprisedofcropsgenerated❼fromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.Becauseofhisinvaluablecontributions,YuanLongpingreceivednumerousawardsbothinChinaandabroad.(节选自新教材人教版选择性必修第一册Unit5)1.devote/dɪ′vəʊt/vt.把……献(给)；专心于2．shortage/′ʃɔːtɪdʒ/n.不足；缺少；短缺3．convince/kən′vɪns/vt.使相信；说服4．conventional/kən′venʃənl/adj.传统的；习惯的5．estimate/′estɪmət/vt.&n．估计；估算6．consumption/kən′sʌmpʃn/n.消耗；消费7．generate/′dʒenəreɪt/vt.产生；引起Period2Lesson1AMedicalPioneer—ReadingComprehensionⅠ.匹配单词1．effective A．groupofassistantsworkingtogetherinabusiness2．award B．producingthedesiredresult3．establish C．atlast，intheend4．resource D5．staff E．showingsignsoflikelyfuturesuccess6．eventually F．supplyofrawmaterials7．promising G．aprizesuchasmoney，etc.forsththatsbhasdone8．renowned H．thatcandevelopintosthorbedevelopedinthefuture9．potential I．tocombinetwoormorethingssothattheyworktogether10．integrate J．widelyknown答案1.B2.G3.D4.F5.A6.C7.E8.J9．H10.IⅡ.选词填空apartfrom，comeacross，leadto，volunteertodo，alongwith1．Ithasbeenprovedthatgreenhouseeffectwillleadtonaturaldisasters.2．TheschooloffersJapaneseclassesapartfromEnglishcourses.3．Tommy，alongwithhisparents，survivedthehorribleflood.4．Whenthevillagersheardthenewsofalandslide，manyvolunteeredtosavethetrapped.5．ItwaswhenIwaswalkinginthewoodsthatIcameacrossafox.Step1速读——整体理解文意Ⅰ.明文章大意Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Malaria，adiseasethathasspreadwidelyintheworld.B．TuYouyou，thefirstChinesewomantowintheNobelPrize.C．Malaria，aninfectiousdiseasethatkillsmillionsofpeople.D．TuYouyou，akinddoctorwhotreatspatientsasfamilymembers.答案BⅡ.悉层次结构Part1(Para.1)A．BasicinformationofTuYouyouandherscientificwork.Part2(Paras.2－4)B．Attitudes.Part3(Para.5)C．TheNobelPrizeceremony.答案Part1CPart2APart3BStep2细读——逐段获取细节Ⅰ.ReadPara.1anddothefollowingexercises.1．WhendidTuYouyoudiscoverartemisinin?A．In2015. B．Inthe1970s.C．In1930. D．In1969.答案B2．WhohelpedTuYouyoudiscoverthelife-savingdrug?A．Herfriends. B．Herfamily.C．Noone. D．Herteam.答案D3．WhatcanbeinferredfromwhatHansForssbergsaid?Itindicatesthegreatsignificance/importanceofthediscoveryofartemisinin.Ⅱ.ReadParas.2－4anddothefollowingexercises.1．Readparagraph2andchoosethecorrectorderofthefollowingevents.①ShestudiedChinesemedicinewithexperts.②ShewasborninZhejiangProvince.③ShestudiedatPekingUniversityHealthScienceCentre.④ShebecameamemberofChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences.A．②③④① B．③①④②C．①③②④ D．②①④③答案A2．Whyarethenumbers“240,000，hundredsof，onebyone”inparagraph3mentioned?A．Toprovetherearemanypotentialcuresformalaria.B．Toshowtheeffortsthatmedicalscientistshadmade.C．ToshowTuYouyou’steamwasbetterthanothers’．D．Toshowmodernmethodsarebetterthantraditionalones.答案B3．Whatdoes“This”(Line23)meaninthefourthparagraph?A．StudyingancientChinesemedicalliterature.B．VisitingexpertsintraditionalChinesemedicine.C．UsingmodernresearchmethodstostudyChineseherbs.D．Doingexperimentsinlaboratorywithpoorairquality.答案C4．Whywasitdifficultforthemtodiscoverartemisinin?A．Becausetheteamdidn’thaveenoughmoney.B．Becausetheteamdidn’thaveenoughresources.C．Becausetheteamdidn’thaveenoughbooks.D．Becausetheteamwasn’tgoodatdoingexperiments.答案B5．WhydidTuYouyoutestartemisininonherself?A．Becauseshewasbrave.B．Becauseshewantedtoknowwhetheritwaseffectiveonpeople.C．Becauseitworkedwellonanimals.D．Becauseshewantedtosetanexampletoherteammembers.答案BⅢ.ReadPara.5andchoosethebestanswer.WhatisTuYouyou’sopinionaboutChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine?A．WeshouldvalueChinesemedicinemore.B．WesternresearchmethodsarebetterthanthoseofChinesemedicine.C．Medicineknowsnocountryandweshouldfullycombinethetwo.D．Alltraditionalmethodsaregood.答案CⅣ.Readthewholepassageagainanddothefollowingexercises.1．What’sthereporter’sattitudetowardsTuYouyou?A．Praising. B．Negative.C．Indifferent. D．Objective.答案A2．Wherewouldyoumostlikelyfindthispassage?A．Inamagazine. B．Inanovel.C．Inaletter. D．Inanewspaper.答案DStep3读后——讨论深度理解1．WhyisTuYouyouconsideredasamedicalpioneer？(Criticalthinking批判性思维)2．WhatgoodqualitiescanwelearnfromTuYouyou？(Creativethinking创造性思维)Step4总结——课文语法填空TuYouyouwasborninZhejiangProvincein1930.ShemajoredinmedicineatPekingUniversityHealthsciencecentre，andafterher1.graduation(graduate)，shewentontoworkattheChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences.Later，she2.studied(study)Chinesemedicinefortwoandahalfyears.TuYouyouandherteamdiscoveredartemisinininthe1970s,3.whichsavedmillionsoflives.Becauseofherhardwork，shewontheNobelPrizein2015，andwasselectedbytheBBCasoneofthemost4.influential(influence)scientistsinthe20thcentury.In1969，TuYouyou5.wasgiven(give)thetaskoffindingacure6.foraseriousdisease—malaria.Withnosuccessinthetestingofsomanychemicals，TuYouyouturnedtoChineseherbsforhelp.Duringthisprocess，sheranintocountlessdifficulties.TuYouyou7.eventually(eventual)cameacrossapromisingchemical，artemisinin，whichneededtobetestedonhumanbeings.TuYouyouvolunteeredtobethefirsthumansubjectandtherestofherteamfollowedher.Thetestturnedtobesuccessful，andartemisininendedup8.saving(save)millionsoflives.ThoughTuYouyouhasbecomeworld-famous，sheisnotinterestedinfame.Sheremainshumbleaboutallthehonoursshehasreceivedandkeeps9.anopenmindandinclusiveattitudetowardsherresearch，asshecontinuestowork10.tobridge(bridge)thegapbetweenEasternandWesternmedicine.Step5解读——长句难句分析1．Shebegantotalkaboutthelife-savingdrug，artemisinin，whichshehaddiscoveredwiththehelpofherteaminthe1970s.[句式分析]此句是复合句。artemisinin是同位语，解释说明drug；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词artemisinin，which在从句中作宾语。[自主翻译]她开始谈论挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。2．In1969，TuYouyouwaschosentoestablishateamtofindacureformalaria—adiseasethatkilledmillionsofpeopleeveryyear.[句式分析]此句是复合句。toestablishateam为不定式短语作补语；tofindacureformalaria为不定式短语作目的状语。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词disease，that在从句中作主语。[自主翻译]1969年，屠呦呦被选中组建一个团队来寻找疟疾的治疗方法，疟疾每年导致数百万人死亡。3．EventhoughTuYouyouisnotinterestedinfame，shehasbecomeascientistwhoseworkisinternationallyrenowned.[句式分析]此句是复合句。Eventhough引导让步状语从句；whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientist，在从句中作定语。[自主翻译]尽管屠呦呦对声名不感兴趣，但她已成为一名国际知名的科学家。4．TuYouyouwasnotedforherbraveryinbeingascientistduringadifficulttimeforscienceinChina，herabilitytouseoldwisdomandnewmethodstoachievehergoalsandthefactthatherworkbridgedtheEasternandWesternworlds，savingmillionsoflives.[句式分析]此句是复合句。touseoldwisdomandnewmethods是不定式短语作后置定语；toachievehergoals是不定式短语作目的状语；thatherworkbridgedtheEasternandWesternworlds是that引导的同位语从句，解释fact的内容；savingmillionsoflives是现在分词短语作伴随状语。[自主翻译]屠呦呦在中国科学的困难时期勇于担当，坚持做一名科研人员，用古老的智慧和全新的方法实现目标，她的事业贯通了东西方世界，拯救了数百万人的生命，因此她闻名世界。Ⅰ.阅读理解AIn1945,23-year-oldJoanHintonwasoneofthefewfemalenuclearphysicistsjoiningintheManhattanProject，anAmericanprojectsetupin1942todevelopanatombomb(原子弹)．Evenassherejoicedintheproject’ssuccess，shewasdeeplyshockedwhentheU．S.droppedtwobombsinJapanin1945duringWorldWarⅡ.ShethenquittheprojectandlefttheU．S.In1948，shemanagedtotraveltoYan’an，whereshemarriedherboyfriendErwinEngst.HerhusbandgothisfirstimpressionofChinafromthebookRedStarOverChinabyEdgarSnow.HecametoChinaasamemberoftheUnitedNationsReliefandRehabilitationAdministrationin1946andwentontoserveasanexpertonfarmequipmentinYan’an.“Myfatherkeptonwritingletterstomymom，tellinghertocometoChinaandthat‘Chinawasabouttoclimbahill.Ifyouarrivelate，you’llmissthebus’，”FredEngst，sonofHinton，said.HintonandherhusbandlivedasimplelifeinChina.DuringhertimeinYan’an，sheonlystoodoutasaforeigner，dressedinordinaryclothes.ThevillagerstreatedtheU．S.scientistsliketheywouldbeafamilymember.DuringoneChineseNewYear’spartyinthevillageshelivedin，HintonsharedhersenseofhumorbyamusingthelocalswithherperformancesusinganorthernShaanxidialect(方言)．Thecouplesawtheestablishment(建立)ofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949.Hinton，whoheldhighhopesofmakingmilkavailabletotheChinesepopulation，devotedherselftotheimprovementofagriculturalmachineryandthemilkindustryatlarge.Sheappliedherscientificskillstodevelopingacontinuous-flowautomaticmilkpasteurizer(巴氏杀菌机)andtendingtoabout200cowsinthefollowingyears.Hintonwastrulydevotedtoeverythingshedid，whetherinnuclearphysicsorthemilkindustry.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了琼·辛顿的生平，不管是作为一名核物理学家还是从事牛奶行业，她都竭尽全力。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“rejoicedin”inparagraph1mean?A．Showedsurpriseabout.B．Feltjoyat.C．Expressedangerover.D．Showeddisappointmentwith.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据第一段开头可知，辛顿是曼哈顿计划的参与者之一，由此可推知，她对该计划的成功自然是感到高兴的。故选B。2．Whatisthevillagers’attitudetoHinton?A．Friendly. B．Rude.C．Concerned. D．Uncaring.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，村民们对她很友善。故选A。3．WhatcontributiondidHintonmaketoChina?A．Shecontributedtothedevelopmentofnuclearphysics.B．Shepushedforwardthedevelopmentofcattlefarming.C．Shehelpedcowsgivebirthtomorehealthybabies.D．ShemadeallChinesepeopleenjoythebenefitsofdrinkingmilk.答案B解析4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．AprojectsetupbyJoanHintoninChina.B．ShaanxidialectimprovedbyJoanHinton.C．TheintroductiontoJoanHinton.D．ChinesepeoplepersuadedbyJoanHintontodrinkmilk.答案C解析主旨大意题。文章第一段主要介绍了琼·辛顿作为一名核物理学家的经历；第二段到第四段主要介绍了辛顿在中国的生活；最后一段对她进行了综合评价。所以，这篇文章主要就是对琼·辛顿的介绍。故选C。BTheMatteltoycompanycreatedanewBarbiedollwiththefamousBritishscientistJaneGoodallasitsmodel.Thecompanyissuedthenewdollthisweek，thelatestmemberoftheBarbietoymaker’s“InspiringWomen”．Mattelsaidthedoll，madefromusedplastic，honoredGoodall’sdeepresearchonchimpanzees(黑猩猩)inTanzaniaandhereffortstoprotectthewildanimals.Thedollwasdressedinalightbrownshirtandshorts，muchlikethatseeninmanyimagesofGoodallatworkinAfrica.Italsocamewithanotebook，telescopesandanotherdollmodeledontherealchimpGoodallnamedDavidGreybeard.HewasthefirstchimpanzeewithwhichshebuilttrustinTanzania’sGombeStreamNationalPark.Therelationshippermittedhertostudytheanimalsextremelyclosely.“Iwantedadolltobemeevenbeforethisideacameup，”the88-year-oldscientistsaid.ShepraisedMattelfordevelopingnewBarbiesstandingforawidernumberofworkingwomen.LisaMcKnightagreed.SheistheExecutiveVicePresidentandGlobalHeadofBarbieandDollsforMattel.Shesaid，“Wehopethatthiscollectionencourageskidstolearnmoreaboutgreencareersandhowtheycanprotecttheplanet，andactoutstoriesaboutenvironmentalprotectionthroughdollplay.”GoodallstartedherresearchinwhatisnowTanzaniainthe1960s.Sheproducedmuchresearchonwildchimpanzeesovertheyears.Sherecordedhowtheymadeandusedtools，livedincommunities，andshowedahighlevelofemotional(情感)understanding.Goodallwantedtoteachchildrenthatiftheywantedtohaveagoodeffectonthechangingenvironment，theymustact.Goodallsaid，“Hopeisaboutactiononclimatechange，lossofwildlife，unfriendlylifestylesandpollution.Wereachouttoothersbecausetherearepeopleworkingoneachoneoftheseproblems...”语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美泰公司推出了以英国著名科学家珍·古道尔为原型的一款芭比娃娃，用以纪念她的贡献。5．WhatdoweknowaboutthedollmodeledonGoodall?A．ItwascreatedbyGoodall.B．Itlookedlikeachimpanzee.C．Itwasinhonorofagreatwoman.D．ItwasnamedDavidGreybeard.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，以古道尔为原型的娃娃是为了纪念这名伟大的女性。故选C。6．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Thehabitsofchimpanzees.B．ThereasonsforGoodalldoingresearch.C．Goodall’sresearchworkwithchimpanzees.D．TheconnectionofGoodallandchimpanzees.答案C解析段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，本段介绍了古道尔的研究的时间、地点及内容，所以本段主要是关于古道尔对黑猩猩的研究。故选C。7．WhatdidGoodallcallonchildrentodointhelastparagraph?A．Keephealthy.B．Befriendlytoothers.C．Adapttotheenvironment.D．Protectthenaturalenvironment.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知，古道尔希望教导孩子们用行动对环境作出积极影响，应对气候、污染等问题，即她呼吁孩子们保护自然环境。故选D。8．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．BarbieDollHonoringJaneGoodallB．ANewDollIsAbouttoGoonSaleC．WomenShouldHaveGreenCareersD．EnvironmentallyFriendlyActionIsaMust答案A解析标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段可知，本文主要介绍了美泰公司推出了以英国著名科学家珍·古道尔为原型的一款芭比娃娃，用以纪念她的贡献。选项A符合文章主旨。故选A。CPadraigóDubhlaoidh，anIrishmasterviolinmaker，hascreatedtheworld’sfirst-evervegan(纯素食的)violin，valuedat8,000.Anamateurviolinisthimself，PadraigóDubhlaoidhhaslongheldthebeliefthatanimalbodypartsaren’tneededtocreatetheinstrument.“Withourplanetfacingcrisesonalmosteveryfront，thecollectivevoiceofpeoplewantingafairerfuturegrowsstrongereveryday，”hesaid.“Ethical(合乎道德的)musiciansarepartofthismovementandhavelongwishedforaviolinthatisfullyveganyetretainsallthequalitiesoftheclassicinstrument.”Traditionalinstrumentsaretightlyconnectedtoanimalproducts.Likeotherwood-basedinstruments，violinsusehideglue—aproductobtainedfromtheskinsandbonesofanimals—asaprimaryadhesive(黏合剂)．Violinstringsandbowshavealsobeenknowntocontainivoryandhorsetailhair.Usingtraditionaltoolsandmethods，Padraigchosenaturalreplacementssuchassteamedpears，berries，andspringwatertocreatetheinstrument.Hisadhesive，composedinpartofspringwatergatheredfromthehillsbehindhishome，is100%natural.Morethanjustanethicalstepintherightdirection，Padraigsayshisnaturaladhesivehasotheradvantages.Hesaid，“Duringmyexperiments，Idiscoveredthattheveganviolinhasunexpectedadvantages.Apartfromthebenefittoanimals，society，andourenvironment，ithasbecomeveryclearthatanimal-basedglueshaveharmfuleffectsonviolins，inducingpowerfultensiononwoodencomponents.Theadhesiveusedinmyveganviolin，however，hasnosucheffect.Thisisanacoustic(声音的)improvement.”WhilePadraigdoesn’tthinkeveryonewillswitchtotheveganviolinimmediately，hedoesthinkthere’sabrightfutureaheadforhisinstrumentandtheconceptofveganinstruments.Hecontinuestomakebothveganandnon-veganviolinsinhisworkshops.However，hesaid，“Justaspetrolcarsaregraduallybeingreplacedwithmoreeco-friendlychoices，thesameprogressionmayhappentoviolinsgradually，andevenmanyotherhandicrafts.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了爱尔兰小提琴制作大师PadraigóDubhlaoidh制作了世界上有史以来第一把纯素小提琴，倡导保护地球和动物。9．What’sPadraig’soriginalpurposeinmakingtheveganviolin?A．Tohelpprotecttheearth.B．Tohaveastrongerviolinbody.C．Toenhancethequalitiesofviolins.D．Toinspiremoremusicianstoplayclassicalmusic.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段“Anamateurviolinisthimself...animalbodypartsaren’tneededtocreatetheinstrument...”可推断，Padraig制作这把纯素的小提琴的最初目的是保护地球。故选A。10．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlyfocuson?A．Theprocessofmakinginstruments.B．Thefeaturesoftraditionalinstruments.C．Thereasonsforinstruments’containinganimalproducts.D．Thecomparisonbetweentraditionalinstrumentsandthenewviolin.答案D解析段落大意题。根据第三段内容可推断，本段主要对比了传统乐器和这把新的小提琴。故选D。11．WhatmakesPadraigsurprisedathisviolin?A．Itdoesnoharmtoanimals.B．Itproducesevenbettersounds.C．Itneedsfurtherimprovements.D．Ithasmanyunknownfunctions.答案B解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Theadhesiveusedinmyveganviolin，however，hasnosucheffect.Thisisanacoustic(声音的)improvement.”可知，令Padraig吃惊的是他的小提琴甚至发出更好的声音。故选B。12．WhatdoesPadraigthinkofthefutureofveganviolins?A．Theywillfacegreatchallenges.B．Theywillexperienceupsanddowns.C．Theywillbeacknowledgedgradually.D．Theywillbesoldataffordablepricessoon.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Justaspetrolcarsaregraduallybeingreplacedwithmoreeco-friendlychoice，thesameprogressionmayhappentoviolinsgradually，andevenmanyotherhandicrafts.”可推断，Padraig认为纯素小提琴未来会逐渐被认可。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五KeyStepstoCram(临时准备)foraTestWithoutLosi