高中英语北师大版必修二UNIT 4　Period 2　Lesson 1 Avatars-Reading Comprehension

Emojis❶：aNewLanguage?Whilewaitingoutsidethecafeteria,Ireceivedthefollowingmessagefrommyfriend：IttookmeaminutebeforeIrealisedwhatitmeant.Thesignsheusedweretosaythathe’dberunninglateandwouldbetheresoon.Insteadofreplyingwithasimple“OK,don’trush”，Isearchedforemojisonmyphonethatwouldexpressthesamemessage：Thiswasmyattempttofollowthetrendofcommunicatingwithemojis.Emojisareusedeverywhere,fromtextmessagestoemails,blogsandothersocialmedianetworks.Withtherapiddevelopmentofsocialmedia,emojisarebecominganintegralcomponent❷ofthelanguageweusetoexpressourselves.Theword“emoji”comesfromJapanese,literallymeaning“picturecharacter”．Emojisaresmallsymbolsrepresentingideas,emotionsorfeelings.Theycomeindifferentcategories❸，suchasfacesandpeople,plantsandanimals,andfoodanddrink.WhenfirstintroducedinJapanin1999,emojiswerelimitedto176simpledesigns.Nowtherearemorethan3,000emojisthatexpand❹uponthewayinwhichwecommunicate.Duetotheirpopularity,theOxfordDictionariesWordoftheYearin2015was,forthefirsttimeever,apictographinsteadofatraditionalword.Intoday’sworld,emojishavebecomemoreandmorepopular.Itseemsthatemojishaveclearadvantagesoverwrittenlanguage.Peoplelikethembecausetheyaddemotional❺meaning,andarequickandeasytouse.Infact,thisissimilartothegesturesweusewhenwespeak.Withasmilingorsadfaceaddedtoamessageorpost,yourreadercan“see”yourfacialexpressionwhilereadingyourwords.Emojiscanalsohelppeopleexpresstheirfeelingswhentheycannotfindtheappropriatewords.Forinstance,ifyourfriendismovingacrossthecountry,youmayjustsendthemastringofcryingfacestoexpressyoursadnessoveryourseparation.Theuseofemojishasevenspreadtoclassicalliterature.AShakespeareseriesforyoungreadershastakenWilliamShakespeare’spopularplaysandreplacedsomewordswithtextspeakandemojis.Theintention❻oftheseadaptations❼istomaketheclassicsmoreaccessible❽toyoungreaders.Somepeople,however,believethatthesenewversionshavetakenawaytheheartandsoulofShakespeare’splays.(节选自外研版新教材选择性必修第二册Unit3)词汇积累1．emoji/ɪ′məʊdʒi/n.表情符号2．component/kəm′pəʊnənt/n.组成部分3．category/′kætɪg(ə)ri/n.类别4．expand/ɪk′spænd/v.(使)扩大；增加5．emotional/ɪ′məʊʃ(ə)nəl/adj.情绪(上)的6．intention/ɪn′tenʃ(ə)n/n.意图，目的7．adaptation/ˌædæp′teɪʃ(ə)n/n.改编8．accessible/ək′sesɪb(ə)l/adj.易懂的Period2Lesson1Avatars—ReadingComprehensionⅠ.匹配单词1．imageA．withalotofdecorationsorbrightcolours2．fancyB．theabilitytouseyourimaginationtoproducenewideas，makethings，etc.3．sensibleC．apicturethatyouhaveinyourmind4．creativityD．reasonable，practical，andshowinggoodjudgment5．obviouslyE．thecarefulchoiceofaparticularpersonorthing6．selectionF．tobehaveinadishonestwayinordertowinortogetanadvantage7．virtualG．afactcaneasilybenoticedorunderstood8．cheatH．made，done，seen，etc.ontheInternetoronacomputer，ratherthanintherealworld答案1.C2.A3.D4.B5.G6.E7.H8.FⅡ.选词填空eq\x(beaddictedto，avarietyof，moreorless，morethanone)1．Thepollutedwatermoreorlessinfluencesthewildlifeintheriver.2．Theimportantthingtorememberistoeatavarietyofhealthyfood.3．Somestudentsmaybeaddictedtocomputergames，whichwillimpactontheirstudy.4．Morethanoneboyisfondofplayingfootball，whichisofgreatbenefittotheirbody.Step1速读——整体理解文意Ⅰ.明文章大意Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Somethingaboutvirtualavatars.B．People’sviewsonvirtualavatars.C．Thedevelopmenthistoryofonlineavatars.D．Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesaboutvirtualavatars.答案AⅡ.悉层次结构Matchthemainideawitheachpart.Part1(Para.1)A．Purposesofusingavatars.Part2(Para.2)B．Definitionofavatars.Part3(Paras.3－5)C．Viewsonavatars.Part4(Para.6)D．Historyofavatars.答案Part1BPart2DPart3APart4CStep2细读——逐段获取细节Ⅰ.ReadPara.1anddothefollowingexercises.1．What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Togiveyousomeexamples.B．Totellhowimportantitistocreateavatars.C．Tointroducethetopic.D．Todescribehowtocreateavatars.答案C2．Whatareavatars?Avatarsaredigitalidentities/images，akeypartofhowpeopleusetheInternettocommunicateandexpressthemselves.Ⅱ.ReadPara.2carefullyandfillintheblanks.Howdidavatarsdevelop?1．Inthe1980s，thefirstsimple2Davatarsappearedinrole-playingcomputergames.2．Bythelate1990s，avatarshadbeenusedinwebchats.Ⅲ.ReadParas.3－5carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．Forwhatpurposedoestheauthormentionpeoplecallingthemselves“Andy”insteadof“Anna”？A.Toshowavatarsgivepeoplefreedomtoexpressthemselvesdifferently.B．Toshowsomepeopledon’tliketheirrealselves.C．Toshowsomepeoplearepowerfultodoanything.D．Toshowtherearemanychoicesforavatars.答案A2．Whatkindofavatarmeansthatyouareafunnyperson?A．Acutedog.B．MickeyMouse.C．Apersonwithafancyhairstyle.D．Anice-lookingperson.答案B3．Howcanpeoplegettheiravatars?答案(1)Theycanchooseanavatarfromaselectionofready-madeimages.(2)Theycancreatetheirownimages.Ⅳ.ReadPara.6carefullyanddothefollowingexercise.Whatdoyouknowaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Avatarscanbewronglyusedtocheatothersonline.B．Avatarswillbebiggerandmoreexciting.C．Theuseofavatarscancausetoomanyconcerns.D．Alltheuserswillbeafraidofmeetingpeopleinvirtualworlds.答案AⅤ.Readthewholepassageagainanddothefollowingexercises.1.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A．Narration(记叙文)．B．Argumentativeessay(议论文)．C．Expositorywriting(说明文)．D．Practicalwriting(应用文)．答案C2．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsavatars?A．Subjective. B．Objective.C．Positive. D．Negative.答案BStep3读后——讨论深度理解1．Whatdoesthewritermeanby“theavataryouchoosesaysalotaboutyourpersonality”？Doyouagreewiththewriter？Giveexamplestosupportyouropinion.(Criticalthinking批判性思维)2．What’syourfavouriteavataronline？Whydoyoupreferit？(Creativethinking创造性思维)Step4总结——课文语法填空Somedigitalidentities,1.known(know)asavatars，areakeypartofhowpeopleusetheInternettocommunicate.Thefirstsimple2Davatarsappearedin2.the1980s.Bythelate1990s，they3.hadbeenused(use)inwebchats.Nowadays，theyareeverywhere.Peoplecanchooseanavatar4.fromaselectionofready-madeimages，orcreatetheirownavatarsthatcantalk，walkandflyaround.Theavatarsaysalotaboutyourpersonality.Whenyouchooseapictureofacutecat，youwanttosay，“Ilikerelaxingandhavingfun”．Cartooncharactersorlaughingmonkeysexpress“Iamareally5.funny(fun)person”．Somepeoplemakeafewimprovementsandalsoexperimentwiththingslikedifferenthairstyles.Avatarsletyouexpress6.yourself(you)andgiveyoualotofroomforcreativity.Whenpeoplestartcreatingtheirownavatars，theyfindtheyhavethepowertocreatenewidentities7.that/whichdidnotlookoractliketheirrealselves.Buttheuseofavatarshasalsocausedafew8.concerns(concern)．Someworrythattheyarespendingsomuchtimeinvirtualworldsthattheyarebecomingafraidof9.meeting(meet)peopleintherealworld.Somepeopleevenuseavatars10.tocheat(cheat)othersonline，whichisalsoarisk.Step5解读——长句难句分析1．Thesedigitalidentities，knownasavatars，areakeypartofhowpeopleusetheInternettocommunicateandexpressthemselves.[句式分析]此句是复合句。knownasavatars为过去分词短语作定语，修饰Thesedigitalidentities；how引导宾语从句，tocommunicateandexpressthemselves为不定式短语作目的状语。[自主翻译]这些数字身份，被称作“虚拟形象”，是人们利用互联网进行交流和表达自己的关键部分。2．Whenpeoplestartedcreatingtheirownavatars，theydiscoveredthattheyweregoingtohavethepowertocreatenewidentitiesthatdidnotlookoractliketheirrealselvesatall.[句式分析]此句是复合句。When引导时间状语从句；creatingtheirownavatars为动名词短语作started的宾语；thattheyweregoingtohavethepowertocreatenewidentities为that引导的宾语从句；thatdidnotlookoractliketheirrealselvesatall为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词newidentities，that在从句中作主语。[自主翻译]人们开始创设自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创设一种新的身份，这种身份在相貌和行为上可以与真正的自我完全不同。3．Theyalsoexperimentwiththingslikedifferenthairstyles—whichsaysalot，perhaps，aboutwhattheywanttolooklike.[句式分析]此句是复合句。which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语；what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。[自主翻译]人们还进行新的尝试，例如换上不同的发型，这可能从很大程度上透露了他们希望自己看起来是什么样子。4．Someusersworrythattheyarespendingsomuchtimeinvirtualworldsthattheyarebecomingafraidofmeetingpeopleintherealworld.[句式分析]此句是复合句。thattheyarespending...为that引导的宾语从句；从句中含有so...that...句型，so...that...引导的是结果状语从句。[自主翻译]一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界中花费了太多时间，以至于开始害怕在现实世界中与人见面。5．Theylookforwardtoatimewhentheiravatarwillactlikearealpersonandtravelaroundbigger，moreexcitingvirtualworlds.[句式分析]此句是复合句。lookforwardto意为“期待，盼望”，to是介词；when引导定语从句，修饰先行词atime，when在从句中作时间状语。[自主翻译]他们期待着有朝一日，自己的虚拟形象会像真人一样去环游更广阔、更精彩的虚拟世界。Ⅰ.阅读理解ABilibilistarusesherplatformtopromotegreaterunderstandingofthelivesandneedsofdisabledpeople.Comparedtomostpeoplewithdisabilities，ZhaoHongchengislucky.Bornin1990，awheelchairhasbeenpartofZhao’slifesinceshewas1yearoldduetopoliomyelitis(小儿麻痹症)．Andnow，asavideocontentcreatorwhohasover84,000followersonthevideo-sharingplatformBilibili，Zhaowantstobeabridgebetweenthedisabledandtherestofsociety.“Imademyfirstvideoin2019，”Zhaosays.“Myoriginalpurposewastofindawaytoreducemyemotionalstress.Ialwaysmetinconveniencecausedbymywheelchairwhengoingout，whichmademefeelsad.However，Ibarelyhadanydisabledfriends，soIhadnoonetotalkto.Ifeltquitelonely，”Zhaoexplains.HerfirstvlogwasaboutatriptoGuangzhouwithfriends.Thevideowasviewedmorethan2,000timesonthefirstday，whichsurprisedZhao.“Thismademefeelthatthereweremanythingsworthsharinginmylife，anditalsogavemeasenseofmission，”sheexplains.Thatfirstvideohassincebeenviewedover48,000times.Herfourthvideo，displayinghowshegottoworkinawheelchair，madeherevenmorepopular.Thevideoreceivedmorethan300,000viewsonBilibiliinashortperiodoftime.InhervideoaboutanaccessibilitybustourinShanghai，sheputforwardapieceofadviceforsuchfacilities.Fortunately，herproposalwasadoptedbythecity.“OneofthegreatthingsaboutbeingacontentcreatoristhatIfeellikeIhavetheopportunityoftalkingabouttherealdifficultiesandpainsthatadisabledpersonfaces，”Zhaosays.“Manystoriesorreportsonpeoplewithdisabilitiesarecoveredbytheso-calledable-bodied，andrarelyreportedfromtheperspectiveofadisabledperson，”shesays.“Wegotocollege，findajob，goondates—butthesearejustourdailylives.”语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述残疾人赵红程在Bilibili上分享关于日常生活的视频让更多人了解残疾人的生活和需求。1．WhatinspiredZhaotomakeandsharevideosonBilibiliatfirst?A．Herdisabledfriends.B．Heraffectedlife.C．Herwishtobepopular.D．Herdesiretobeabridge.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段的“Myoriginalpurposewasto...Ifeltquitelonely”可知，赵红程起初在Bilibili上分享视频是想减轻自己的情绪压力，因为残疾给她的生活带来了很多不便。可推知，受到影响的生活驱使赵红程制作并在Bilibili上分享视频，故选B。2．Whatdofiguresinthefourthparagraphimply?A．Theproblemsthedisabledface.B．ThepopularityofZhao’svideos.C．Thedifficultiesofmakingavideo.D．Thecompetitionamongvideomakers.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，本段运用数字说明了赵红程的视频的被观看次数非常多。所以运用数字的目的是表明赵红程的视频非常受欢迎，故选B。3．WhatisthemeaningofbeingacontentcreatorforZhao?A．Owningmoreviewers.B．BeingsuccessfulonBilibili.C．Sharingstoriesfromtheangleofthedisabled.D．Encouragingthedisabledtobecontentcreators.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第六段及最后一段第一句可知，赵红程认为许多关于残疾人的故事或报道都是由非残疾人报道，而很少从残疾人的角度来报道。可推知，对于赵红程来说，成为一位内容创造者，她可以站在残疾人的角度分享故事，并谈论残疾人的真正困难，故选C。4．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．APositiveDisabledInfluencerB．CarefortheDisabledC．APopularContentCreatorD．ShareVideosforaBetterSociety答案A解析标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合全文可知，文章主要讲述一个残疾人通过在Bilibili上分享视频，让更多人了解残疾人的生活和需求，传递正能量。所以A项“一个积极的残疾人影响者”符合文章主旨，适合作本文标题，故选A。BThisspring，Facebooksaidthatit’sdevelopingaversionofInstagramforchildrenunder13yearsoldthatgiveskidsthechancetoconnectwithfriendsandfamilywithoutseeingadsorbeingtargetedbychildpredators(奴役儿童者)．Butasanycaregiverorparentknows，screensareaddictive.Manyadultsaregluedtotheirsmartphones，computers，andtelevisions.Andchildrenareevenlesspreparedtoresist(抵挡)thelure.Asisreported，kidsbetweentheagesof8and12alreadyspend1,200hoursayearinfrontofscreens.What’smore，child-protectionsupportersalsoworrythatFacebook，whichownsInstagram，won’tbeabletoprotectyoungusers’privacyorstopthemfromcyberbullying.ErinWilkeyOh，contentdirectoratthenonprofitCommonSenseMedia，says，“Socialmediacouldbenefityoungerkidsifit’sdonethoughtfully.ButFacebook’strackrecordshowsthecompanymaynotreallydowhatitpromises.Plus，therearealreadywaysforchildrentoconnectwithfamilyandfriendsonline.Dotheyreallyneedanotherapptomakethemspendmoretimeontheirdevices？”Therelationshipbetweenkidsandsocialmediaismorecomplicated(复杂的)thanitseems.A2020surveyconductedbyCommonSenseMediafoundthateventhoughsocialmediausewaslinkedtodepressionandanxiety，manyteensalsosawsocialmediaasawaytoaccessveryimportantinformationabouttheirmentalandphysicalhealthandconnectwiththeirpeers.Despitetheprotest，Facebookdoesn’tseemtoslowitsplanstorollouttheapp.Soparentscanminimizethepotentially(潜在地)negativeinfluences.Parentscancreateasetofrulesthatdetailshowmuchscreentimekidsareallowedeachweekandwhattheycanwatch.It’snotperfect，butitcanhelpfamiliesbalancescreentimewithexercise，andreal-lifesocialinteractions(互动)thatarenecessarytochildren’swell-being.语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文。Facebook打算开发一款有助于13岁以下儿童安全地与父母和同龄人沟通的app。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lure”inparagraph2mean?A．Attraction. B．Connection.C．Suffering. D．Pressure.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的句子“Butasanycaregiverorparentknows，...theirsmartphones，computers，andtelevisions.”可知，成年人如此，孩子们更难抵挡这种诱惑。lure在句子中意为“诱惑”，attraction有相似的意思。故选A。6．WhatcanweinferfromErinWilkeyOh’swords?A．Facebookoftenbreaksitspromise.B．Socialmediadogoodtolittlechildren.C．Appsintendedforchildrenarenecessary.D．Facebookdoesn’thavetodevelopitsnewapp.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Plus，therearealreadyways...tomakethemspendmoretimeontheirdevices？”可知，ErinWilkeyOh认为已经有很多方法帮助孩子与家人及朋友取得联系，因此Facebook没有必要再开发针对孩子的这款app。故选D。7．WhichstatementisRIGHTaccordingtothe2020survey?A．Socialmediadoharmtochildren.B．Moresurveysshouldbedoneonsocialmedia.C．Manykidsbenefitfromsocialmediainaway.D．Childrenshouldnothaveaccesstosocialmedia.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段中关于这个调查的描述中的“A2020surveyconductedby...theirmentalandphysicalhealthandconnectwiththeirpeers.”可知，很多孩子依然可以通过社交媒体获取重要信息，以及与同龄人联系，由此可推断，在某种程度上，社交媒体对很多孩子有好处。故选C。8．Whatareparentsadvisedtodointhelastparagraph?A．KeeptheirkidsoffFacebook.B．Showtheirkidsrealsocialskills.C．Stressnegativeinfluencesonline.D．Balancetheironlineandofflinetime.答案D解析推理判断题。根据文中最后一段中的“Parentscancreateasetofrules...andreal-lifesocialinteractions(互动)thatarenecessarytochildren’swell-being.”可推断，家长应该制订详细的规则来平衡孩子上网与体育锻炼及真实社交的时间。故选D。CThetopic“Howmuchprivacycanaphotoshow”hasbecomepopularonSinaWeibo，causingconcernandheateddiscussionaboutprivacyawareness.Ingroupchats，somepeoplemayposttheiroriginal(原来的)photos.Butthatmaygiveawayyourhomeaddressandotherinformation.Imagesoftencontainalotofinformationandvarioustraces(痕迹)leftbydigitalcamerasorphotoprocessingsoftware.Thisdata，calledExchangeableImageFileFormat(EXIF)，isakeytoolformanyprofessionals.Itcandetailwhetherthephotographerusedaflash，whichdigitaleffectswereappliedtoapictureandwhenthephotowastaken.EXIFcanalsocontaintheexactGPScoordinates(坐标)oftheplacewhereaphotowastaken，accordingtoCNN.Ifyoutakealandscapepicturefromyourwindowandsendtheoriginalpicturetoagroupchat，itmeansthatyouarereleasingyourlocation(位置)datatoallstrangersinthegroup.Theymayevenexactlyinferyourhousenumberbyanalyzingtheshootingtimeandangle.Notjustinagroupchat，sendinganimageinatextmessage，email，orotherdeliverytoolswillalsoincludetheaccompanyinginformation.Sohowdoweprotectourprivacywhensendingphotos?Themosteffectivewayistoavoidsendingoriginalphotosingroupchats.Ifit’snecessary，trynottotapthe“originalpicture”．However，photossentbyWeChatMomentsareautomaticallycompressed(压缩)bythesystem，andtheytravelwithoutlocationandotherinformation，accordingtotheWeChatteam.Tosolvetheproblemcompletely，wecandeleteandremoveapicture’sEXIFdataonacomputer.IfyouareusinganIOSsmartphone，youcanturnofflocationservicesforthecameraintheprivacysettings.Ifyou’reusinganAndroid，thesettingsdiffer.Typically，youcangotothesettingmenuandswitchtheservicesoffforthecamera，accordingtoCTVNews.Thereisonemorethingyoucando—photoshopyourphotosbeforeyousharethem.Whatcomeswithyoureditedimagesisphotoswithoutstoredlocationdata.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在群聊时发送原图会泄露很多个人信息，并说明了如何在发送照片时保护隐私。9．WhatinformationdoesEXIFdatainclude?A．Thehomeaddressoftheviewers.B．Thelocationwheretheimageissent.C．Aphoto’sexactshootingtimeandlocation.D．Howmanytimesaphotohasbeenshared.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Itcandetailwhetherthephotographerusedaflash，...andwhenthephotowastaken...alsocontaintheexactGPScoordinates(坐标)oftheplacewhereaphotowastaken，accordingtoCNN.”可知，EXIF数据包含照片拍摄时间和位置。故选C项。10．Whencanourpersonalinformationbegivenaway?A．Whenwesendemojisingroupchats.B．Whenweemaildocumentswithoriginalphotos.C．WhenwepostpicturesonWeChatMoments.D．WhenweforwardimagesofothersonWeChatMoments.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Notjustinagroupchat，sendinganimageinatextmessage，email，orotherdeliverytoolsalsoincludetheaccompanyinginformation.”可知，在邮件中附上原始照片时会泄露个人信息。故B项。11．Howcanweprotectourprivacywhensharingphotos?A．Editthephotoswithphotoeditingapps.B．SwitchofflocationservicesforWeChat.C．SendouttheirEXIFdataonourphone.D．TurnoffInternetconnectionwhentakingphotos.答案A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thereisonemorethingyoucando—photoshopyourphotosbeforeyousharethem.”可知，可以通过照片编辑应用程序将照片编辑后再分享，这样可以保护隐私。故选A项。12．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Atoolthatcangetpersonaldataofphotos.B．Theimportanceofprotectingourprivatepictures.C．Methodsofgettingpersonalinformationfromphotos.D．Avoidinggivingawaypersonaldatathroughphotosharing.答案D解析主旨大意题。根据全文内容并结合第五段最后一句“Sohowdoweprotectourprivacywhensendingphotos？”可知，文章介绍在群聊时发送原图会泄露很多个人信息，并说明了如何在发送照片时保护隐私。D项能够总结文章大意，故选D项。Ⅱ.七选五Technologyisheretostay.1However，theyareoftenunsureonhowtohelpchildrenusetechnologyresponsiblyandkeepabalancebetweenonlineandofflinetime.Herearesometips.Haveadevicecontract(契约)Havingadeviceusagecontractallowsparentsandchildrentoworkthroughwhatresponsibletechnologyusagelookslikeinyourfamilyandensurethateveryoneisaware.2Kidsaremorelikelytomakesenseofthereasonsyouhaveforrestriction(限制)．3Althoughthistipseemslikecommonsense，itisoftendifficultduetothedemandofworkand