湖北省宜荆荆恩4地2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

“宜荆荆恩”2025届高三9月起点考试英语试卷本试卷共12页。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对活后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatdoesthewomanprefertouseforlearningSpanish?A.TheSpanishCDB.Thetextbook.C.Thecomputer.2.Howdoesthewomansuggesttravelingaroundtheisland?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Byship.3.Whatwillthemandonextweek?A.Takeaninterview.B.Takeacourse.C.Gotraveling.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atthetheater.B.Inarestaurant.C.AttheLostandFound.5.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrowafternoon?A.Sunny.B.Cloudy.C.Rainy.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对活或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒仲的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。6.Whatcolorpensdoesthemanneed?A.Black.B.Blue.C.Red.7.Wherecanthemanfindthepens?A.Onthecomputer.B.Inthedrawer.C.Inthecupboard.请听第7段材料，回答第8、9题8.Whatbusinessdothespeakersprobablyrun?A.Agym.B.Acafé.C.ATravelcompany.9.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Howtomakemoney.B.Howtoreducecosts.C.Howtotrainemployees.请听第8段材料J可答第10至12题。10.Howoldisthemannow?A.28.B.31.C.33.11.Whatdoesthemanprobablymakenow?A.TVcommercials.B.Shortfilms.C.Featurefilms.12.WhydidthemanseldomworkoutdoorsinEngland?A.Becauseoftheweather.B.Becauseofthemoney.C.Becauseoftheworkplace.请听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutStephen?AHe’sperformedbadly.B.He’simprovedalot.C.He’sgothighmarks.14.HowdoesStephenbehaveinmusicclass?A.Heistalkative.B.Heisconcentrated.C.Heisserious.15.InwhichsubjectdidStephengetagoodmark?A.History.B.Music.C.Geography.16.WhatdoesStephentakeaninterestin?A.SpeakingFrench.B.LearningaboutChina.C.Practicingtheguitar.请听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whoisthespeakerprobablyspeakingto?A.First-yearuniversitystudents.B.Third-yearuniversitystudents.C.Final-yearhighschoolstudents.18.Whatdidthespeaker’sparentscaremostabouthisuniversity?A.Itslocation.B.Itsaccommodation.C.Itscoursefees.19.Whohelpedthespeakermostontheuniversityopenday?A.Tutors.B.Fellowstudents.C.Socialprogramofficers.20.Whatdoesthespeakerstronglyrecommendreading?A.Thecoursematerials.B.Theunitguide.C.Thecourseintroduction.第二部分阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。AInSwitzerland,avarietyofuniquefestivalstakeplacethroughouttheyear,eachofferingadistinctculturalexperienceandunforgettablemomentsforlocalsandvisitorsalike.Thefollowingarethreetypicalfestivals.Mid-January:GrindelwaldWorldSnowFestivalEveryyearsculptorsfromallovertheworldgatherinGrindelwald.Duringthissix-dayfestival,thestreetsofthesnowytownbecomeanawesomemuseumwithtemporarycreationsdecoratingeverycorner.Thewhitestatuesaregreatlyattractivetobothlocalsandtourists.June:FêtedelaMusique,GenevaFêtedelaMusiquerunsannually,takingoverthestreetsofLausanneeverysummer.Over50placesshowoffmusiciansfromacrosstheglobe,celebratingarangeofmusic.Itisworthnotingthatmostroadsareblockedduringthefestival,anditisbesttotravelbypublictransport.TheGenevaFêtedelaMusiquethisyearwasheldfrom22-27June.July-August:FêtedesVignerons,VeveyTheFêtedesVigneronstakesplaceevery20yearsinVevey,whichisfullofactivities,historyandcenturies-oldtraditionsandwasthefirstSwissintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)includedintotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2016.Thelatestfestivalwasheldfrom18Julyto11August2019.1.WhatdoGrindelwaldWorldSnowFestivalandFêtedelaMusiquehaveincommon?A.Theycauseheavytraffic. B.Theyattractglobalsculptors.C.Theyhavethesameduration. D.Theyfeaturelivemusicshows.2.WhatdoweknowaboutFêtedesVignerons?A.Itlastsmorethanamonth. B.Itisheldonayearlybasis.C.ItgotUNESCOrecognition. D.Itisagatheringofmusicians.3.Whichcolumnofamagazineisthepassageprobablyfrom?A.CulturalExploration. B.PhotographyandArt.C.GeographicalFeatures. D.OpinionsandAnalysis.【答案】1.C2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了瑞士极具特色的三个节日。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Duringthissix-dayfestival(在这个为期六天的节日期间)”以及第三段“TheGenevaFêtedelaMusiquethisyearwasheldfrom22-27June.(今年的日内瓦音乐节于6月22日至27日举行)”可知，格林德瓦世界冰雪节和日内瓦音乐节的持续时间相同。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“TheFêtedesVigneronstakesplaceevery20yearsinVevey,whichisfullofactivities,historyandcenturies-oldtraditionsandwasthefirstSwissintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)includedintotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2016.(沃韦葡萄酒节每20年在沃韦举行一次，这里充满了活动、历史和数百年的传统，是2016年第一个被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录的瑞士非物质文化遗产)”可知，沃韦葡萄酒节被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，得到了联合国教科文组织的认可。故选C。3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“InSwitzerland,avarietyofuniquefestivalstakeplacethroughouttheyear,eachofferingadistinctculturalexperienceandunforgettablemomentsforlocalsandvisitorsalike.Thefollowingarethreetypicalfestivals.(在瑞士，全年都会举办各种独特的节日，每个节日都为当地人和游客提供独特的文化体验和难忘的时刻。以下是三个典型的节日)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了瑞士极具特色的三个节日及其庆祝习俗和文化特色，推测文章可能出自文化探索栏目。故选A。BBiancaMavrick’sfirstattemptinthejewelleryworldwasasanenterprising(有创业精神的)10-year-old,sellingseashellearringsattheClevelandmarkets.Nowthe28-year-oldhasherownstudioinMoorooka,inBrisbane’ssouth,andherhandmadedesignsenjoyworldwidepopularityamongfans.“It’samazingtobesellinginternationally.Whenyoudoacreativebusiness,you’regoingtohavetoworkhardanditwilltakeafewyearstogetofftheground,butit’sreallygrowingfastnow,”shesays.Biancaopenedheronlinestorein2014.Productionhappensinherstudio,withhelpfromonestaffmemberandsometimeshergrandma.“Mygrandmaenjoyssittingwiththegirls.Sheactsasakindofqualitycontrollerandhelpswithpackingandputtingbarcodes(条形码)onthings,”Biancasays.Biancalaughsassherecallslookingthroughhergrandmother’spileofcostumejewelleryasachild.“ShehadanamazingcollectionandIwasallowedtohavesomeofthebrokenpiecesandfixthemuptosellalongsidetheshellearringsonmystand,”shesays.MumandDadopenedanaccountformeandputtheprofitsaway.EventhenIknewIwantedtoworkwithjewellery.Allofmyhobbiesalwaysrelatedbacktomyjewellery.I’malwayslookingforinspiration,whetherI’mvisitinganartgalleryorlookingatfurnitureformyapartment.NextmonthBiancawilljoinothertalentedQueenslandartistsanddesignerstoshowhercreationsattheMAYOArtsFestival,namedafterwell-knownAustraliansculptorDaphneMayo.“It’sreallyexcitingtobeapartofit,”shesays,“Itwillenablemetomeetmyclients,too,whichisalwaysgreatbecausehavinganonlinestoreIcan’tnormallygettodothat.Myclientslovetheuniquenatureofmydesigns,aswellasthefactthattheyarehandmade,notmass-produced.”4.WhatdoesBiancathinkofherbusiness?A.Ithadaterriblestart. B.Itisexpandingrapidly.C.Itleavesalottobedesired. D.Itaimsatforeignclients.5.WhatdoesBianca’sgrandmadoinherstudio?A.Shedesignsthebarcodes. B.Sheactsasaspokeswoman.C.Shemonitorsproductquality. D.Shehelpswithsalespromotion.6.WhatmadeBiancadevotedtojewellery?A.Thechildhoodhobbiesandtalent. B.Thefamily’sinfluenceandsupport.C.Thehandsomeprofitsintheindustry. D.Theinspirationfromhersurroundings.7.WhyisBiancaexcitedtoattendthefestival?A.Heruniquedesignsarelikelytobecomeahit.B.Manyofherworkswillbecreatedonthespot.C.Thefestivalistobeheldbyafamoussculptor.D.Shecancommunicatewithherclientsinperson.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了珠宝设计师BiancaMavrick的成长和创业经历。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“

Whenyoudoacreativebusiness,you’regoingtohavetoworkhardanditwilltakeafewyearstogetofftheground,butit’sreallygrowingfastnow,(当你做创意生意时，你必须努力工作，需要几年的时间才能起步，但它现在发展得很快，)”可知，Bianca认为她的业务正在迅速扩张。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Mygrandmaenjoyssittingwiththegirls.Sheactsasakindofqualitycontrollerandhelpswithpackingandputtingbarcodes(条形码)onthings,(我奶奶喜欢和女孩们坐在一起。她是一名质量控制人员，帮助包装和在物品上粘贴条形码，)”可知，Bianca的祖母在她的工作室里担任一种质量控制员的角色，帮助打包和贴条形码，因此她主要负责监控产品质量。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Biancalaughsassherecallslookingthroughhergrandmother’spileofcostumejewelryasachild.(Bianca回忆起小时候翻看祖母成堆的人造珠宝时笑了起来。)”以及本段中“MumandDadopenedanaccountformeandputtheprofitsaway.EventhenIknewIwantedtoworkwithjewellery.Allofmyhobbiesalwaysrelatedbacktomyjewellery.(爸爸妈妈给我开了一个账户，把赚到的钱存起来。即使在那时，我也知道我想从事珠宝行业。我所有的爱好都和我的珠宝有关。)”可知，Bianca对珠宝行业的热爱是既受到了家人的影响也得到了家人的支持。故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Itwillenablemetomeetmyclients,too,whichisalwaysgreatbecausehavinganonlinestoreIcan’tnormallygettodothat.Myclientslovetheuniquenatureofmydesigns,aswellasthefactthattheyarehandmade,notmass-produced.(它也能让我见到我的客户，这总是很棒的，因为有一个网上商店，我通常无法做到这一点。我的客户喜欢我设计的独特性，以及它们是手工制作的，而不是大规模生产的事实。)”可知，Bianca经营网上商店，通常没有机会和客户面对面交流，因此能与顾客面对面交流是令她激动的事情。故选D。CIntoday’sdigitalage,childrenareexposedtoanumberofdatafication(数据化)risks,includingharmfulprofiling,micro-targetingandbehaviouralcontrol.Digitalmonitoring-basedtechnologiesenableparentstorestrict,monitorortrackchildren’sonlineactivities.PopularappssuchasLife360,GoogleFamilyLinkandAppleMaps,arewidespread.However,suchapproacheshavelimitedeffectivenessinkeepingchildrenoutoftheboundariesofthedigitalspaceorreducingscreentimeusage.Meanwhile,therisksassociatedwiththeseapproachesemerge,suchastheirpotentialtoaffectfamilytrustrelationshipsorpreventthedevelopmentofchildren’sself-regulationskills.Withmodernfamiliesincreasinglystrugglingwiththeirchildren’srelationshipwithdigitaltechnologiesandlackofeffectiveandclearguidanceforthem,newapproachesareurgentlyneeded.ItisforthisreasonthatComputerScienceresearchersworkingontheOxfordMartinProgrammeonEthicalWebandDataArchitecturesdevelopedtheKOALAHeroToolkit.Ithasbeenco-developedwithfamiliesandchildrenbyOxfordresearchersoverseveralyearsinresponsetoincreasingconcernsfromfamiliesabouttherisksassociatedwithextensiveuseofthedigitaltechnologies.Thetoolkithasseveralkeyfeatures.Byprovidingfamilieswithinsightsintodataficationrisks,i.e.howchildren’sdatamaybecollectedandprocessed,andusedtoaffectwhattheyseeonline,thetoolkitenablesfamiliestomakeinformeddecisionsabouttheironlineactivities.Throughbothadigitalandphysicalcomponent,andtheprovisionofinteractiveactivitiesanddiscussionsheets,thetoolkitfacilitatesmeaningfulconversationsbetweenchildrenandparents,promotingadeeperunderstandingofdigitalprivacyandethics(道德).Byprovidingworksheetsthatguideconversationsandinteractionswiththetoolkitamongfamilymembers,withbothchildrenandparentsinvolvedinthelearningprocess,thetoolkitstrengthensthefamilybondsandpromotescollectiveproblem-solving.Byassessingthetoolkitwith17families,involving23childrenaged10-14,wefoundpositiveindicationsforourapproachtoencouragingactivefamilyengagement,insteadoffocusingoncontrolsandmonitoring.Wehopetoworkwithalargersampletomakeitmoreadaptablebeforesharingthetoolkitonpopularappstores.8.Whatdoweknowaboutdigitalmonitoring-basedtechnologies?A.Theyareunfriendlytoparents. B.Theyneednecessaryimprovement.C.Theystrengthenfamilyrelationship. D.Theyofferparentsaclearguidance.9.Whatisspecialaboutthetoolkit?A.Itsafeguardschildren’sonlineprivacy. B.Itpromotesparent-childcommunication.C.Itplacesstrictcontrolonchildren’sdata. D.Itenableschildrentothinkindependently.10.Whatmaytheresearchersdonext?A.Tobetterthetoolkit. B.Tocontactappstores.CTotargetthemarket. D.Toseekprofessionaladvice.11.Whatmaybethebesttitle?A.APopularDigitalMonitoring-basedAppB.Children’sExposuretoDataficationRisksC.Families’ChangeinAttitudetoDataficationD.AnInnovativeApproachtoDigitalParenting【答案】8.B9.B10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一款新研发的KOALAHeroToolkit工具包。该工具包促进儿童和家长之间有意义的对话和互动，加强了家庭纽带，同时也避免了一些数据化风险。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Digitalmonitoring-basedtechnologiesenableparentstorestrict,monitorortrackchildren’sonlineactivities.PopularappssuchasLife360,GoogleFamilyLinkandAppleMaps,arewidespread.However,suchapproacheshavelimitedeffectivenessinkeepingchildrenoutoftheboundariesofthedigitalspaceorreducingscreentimeusage.Meanwhile,therisksassociatedwiththeseapproachesemerge,suchastheirpotentialtoaffectfamilytrustrelationshipsorpreventthedevelopmentofchildren’sself-regulationskills.Withmodernfamiliesincreasinglystrugglingwiththeirchildren’srelationshipwithdigitaltechnologiesandlackofeffectiveandclearguidanceforthem,newapproachesareurgentlyneeded.(基于数字监控的技术使家长能够限制、监控或跟踪孩子的在线活动。Life360、GoogleFamilyLink和AppleMaps等流行应用程序非常普遍。然而，这些方法在让孩子们远离数字空间的边界或减少屏幕时间使用方面效果有限。与此同时，与这些方法相关的风险也出现了，例如它们可能会影响家庭信任关系或阻碍儿童自我调节技能的发展。随着现代家庭越来越难以处理孩子与数字技术的关系，以及缺乏有效和明确的指导，迫切需要新的方法)”可知，基于数字监控的技术的效果有限，并出现了相关的风险，需要必要的改进。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Throughbothadigitalandphysicalcomponent,andtheprovisionofinteractiveactivitiesanddiscussionsheets,thetoolkitfacilitatesmeaningfulconversationsbetweenchildrenandparents,promotingadeeperunderstandingofdigitalprivacyandethics(道德).Byprovidingworksheetsthatguideconversationsandinteractionswiththetoolkitamongfamilymembers,withbothchildrenandparentsinvolvedinthelearningprocess,thetoolkitstrengthensthefamilybondsandpromotescollectiveproblem-solving.(通过数字和物理组件，以及提供互动活动和讨论表，该工具包促进了儿童和家长之间有意义的对话，促进了对数字隐私和道德的更深入理解。通过提供工作表，指导家庭成员之间以及儿童和家长参与学习过程时与工具包的对话和互动，工具包加强了家庭联系，促进了集体解决问题)”可知，该工具包促进了儿童和家长之间有意义的对话，加强了家庭联系，即该工具包可以促进亲子沟通。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wehopetoworkwithalargersampletomakeitmoreadaptablebeforesharingthetoolkitonpopularappstores.(我们希望在流行的应用商店上分享工具包之前，使用更大的样本，使其更具适应性)”可推知，研究人员接下来可能会使用更大的样本，使其更具适应性，进一步完善工具包。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Intoday’sdigitalage,childrenareexposedtoanumberofdatafication(数据化)risks,includingharmfulprofiling,micro-targetingandbehaviouralcontrol.(在当今的数字时代，儿童面临着许多数据化风险，包括有害的分析、微目标和行为控制)”、第三段“ItisforthisreasonthatComputerScienceresearchersworkingontheOxfordMartinProgrammeonEthicalWebandDataArchitecturesdevelopedtheKOALAHeroToolkit.(正是出于这个原因，牛津大学马丁伦理网络和数据架构项目的计算机科学研究人员开发了KOALAHeroToolkit工具包)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了数字时代儿童面临的数据化风险，研究人员开发了KOALAHeroToolkit工具包，旨在帮助家庭应对数字技术所带来的风险，并促进家庭成员之间的积极互动，所以“一种创新的数字化家庭教育方式”适合作为文章标题。故选D。DAsChina’scitiesgrow,theyarealsosinking.Anestimated16percentofthecountry’smajorcitiesarelosingmorethan10millimetersofheightperyearandnearlyhalfarelosingmorethan3millimetersperyear,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalScience.“Landsubsidence(下沉)isaproblemthatalmostexistseverywhere,”saidRobertNicholls,aclimatescientistandcivilengineerattheUniversityofEastAngliawhoreviewedthepaper,“Tomyknowledge,thisstudyisthefirsttomeasurelandsubsidenceacrossmanyurbanareasusingstate-of-the-artradar(雷达)datafromsatellites.Ibelievethemajorityoftheadaptationstrategiesthatwehave,andtheplanstofightclimatechange,areinaccurate,justbecausetheydidnotincludelandsubsidence.Landsubsidenceisanunheededproblem.Ithasn’tbeenstudiedtheway,forexample,sealevelrisehasbeenstudied.”Thenewstudywasbasedonsatelliteradarmeasurementsofhowmuchthegroundsurfacein82majorcities,accountingforthree-quartersoftheurbanpopulation,movedupordownbetween2015and2022.Theresearcherscomparedthesemeasurementstodataonpotentialcontributingfactors.Subsidenceinthesecitiesiscausedinpartbythepureweightofbuildings,thestudyfound.Groundwaterextraction(开采)underneaththecitiesalsoplaysarole,asdooildrillingandcoalmining.Theseactivitiesleaveemptyspaceundergroundwheresoilandrockscanpresstogetherorcollapse.Beingbelowsealeveldoesn’tmeanacityisautomaticallydestroyed.MuchoftheNetherlandsisbelowsealevelandsinking,butthecountryhasbeenextensivelyengineeredtopreventfloodinginplacesandtoaccommodateitinothers.Shanghaiisalreadylimitinggroundwaterextractionandissinkingmoreslowlythanothercities.InJapan,groundwatermanagementovertheyearshasprovedsuccessful.“It’sdifficulttostopsubsidenceentirely,”Dr.Nichollssaid,“You’vegottolivewithwhat’sleft.“12.Whatdothefiguresinparagraph1imply?A.Citiesgrowatanalarmingspeed. B.Citiesfacefierceclimatechange.C.Landsubsidenceisundercontrol. D.Landsubsidenceisanurgentissue.13.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“unheeded”inparagraph2?A.Ignored. B.Identified. C.Undefined. D.Overestimated.14.Whatmaycontributetolandsubsidenceincitiesaccordingtothepassage?A.Energyextraction. B.Overuseoffarmland.C.Populationexpansion. D.Unevendistributionofwater.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Cityplanningcallsforjointefforts.B.Groundwateristoblameforlandsinking.C.Measurescanbetakentoeasesubsidence.D.Floodingpreventiondeservesfurtherresearch.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地面下沉问题的背景、原因和一些应对措施。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Anestimated16percentofthecountry’smajorcitiesarelosingmorethan10millimetersofheightperyearandnearlyhalfarelosingmorethan3millimetersperyear,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalScience.(根据《科学》杂志发表的一项新研究，估计该国16%的主要城市每年高度下降超过10毫米，近一半的城市每年下降超过3毫米。)”可知，第一段的数字意味着地面沉降问题严重，是一个亟需解决的问题。故选D。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Ibelievethemajorityoftheadaptationstrategiesthatwehave,andtheplanstofightclimatechange,areinaccurate,justbecausetheydidnotincludelandsubsidence.Landsubsidenceisanunheededproblem.Ithasn’tbeenstudiedtheway,forexample,sealevelrisehasbeenstudied.”(我认为，我们现有的大多数适应策略和应对气候变化的计划都是不准确的，因为它们没有包括地面沉降。地面沉降是一个unheeded问题。它还没有被研究过，例如，海平面上升已经被研究过了。”)”可知，地面沉降问题还没有像是海平面上升那样被研究过，由此可推知，地面沉降问题是未被注意的，划线单词表示“未被注意的”，与Ignored意义相近。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Subsidenceinthesecitiesiscausedinpartbythepureweightofbuildings,thestudyfound.Groundwaterextraction(开采)underneaththecitiesalsoplaysarole,asdooildrillingandcoalmining.(研究发现，这些城市的沉降部分是由建筑物的纯粹重量造成的。城市地下的地下水开采也发挥了作用，石油钻探和煤炭开采也是如此。)”可知，建筑物的重量、城市地下水开采以及能源开采是造成地面下沉的原因。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Beingbelowsealeveldoesn’tmeanacityisautomaticallydestroyed.MuchoftheNetherlandsisbelowsealevelandsinking,butthecountryhasbeenextensivelyengineeredtopreventfloodinginplacesandtoaccommodateitinothers.Shanghaiisalreadylimitinggroundwaterextractionandissinkingmoreslowlythanothercities.InJapan,groundwatermanagementovertheyearshasprovedsuccessful.(低于海平面并不意味着一座城市会自动被摧毁。荷兰的大部分地区都在海平面以下，正在下沉，但该国已经进行了广泛的工程设计，以防止某些地方发生洪水，并在其他地方适应洪水。上海已经在限制地下水开采，而且下沉速度比其他城市慢。在日本，多年来的地下水管理已被证明是成功的。)”可推知，采取有效措施后，地面沉降问题可以被缓解，即可以采取措施缓解地面沉降。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。OurfriendsNickandCarolmovedtoAustraliain2017.MyhusbandandIfinallysavedupenoughmoneytovisittheminSydney.Fromtheveryfirstday,IhadthisfeelingthatherewasaplacewhereIcouldimaginefittingin.WehadleftEnglandinthecoldandrain,andarrivedtofindSydneywarmandsunny.Wespentourdaysrelaxingonthebeach,orgoingintothecitytoexplore.____16____GoingbackhometoEnglandafterourtripwasreallyhard.Thatwinterfeltverylongandcold,andallIcouldthinkofwasthewarmsunshineandbigopenspacesofAustralia.InEngland,webothworkedlonghourstoaffordtoliveinourlittlehouse.____17____WhenIthoughtofNickandCarol’sspacioushouseinSydney,andhowtheybothwalkedtotheirjobseachmorning,Ikeptthinkingtomyself,“Iwanttobethere!”Slowly,westartedtalkingabouttheideaofmovingtoAustralia.We’dhadenoughofshort,cold,wetdaysandsmallhousesinEngland.Thecrowdsandqueuesofpeopleathomeweretoomuch.____18____Immigration(移民)toAustraliaisalongprocessandexpensive.Itwasveryexcitingwhenourapplicationswerefinallyaccepted.Whenwearrived,andflewoverthecityofPerth,Isawthebrightsunshineandthespacioushousesandswimmingpoolsbelow.____19____Theoceanwasshiningblue.Itfeltright.Itfeltlikehome.TherearethingsImissaboutEnglandofcourse,butIdoenjoyallthespaceinAustralia,andtherelaxedoutdoorslifestyle.____20____Tovisit,definitely—butnottolive.Australiafeelslikehomenow.A.Itwastimeforachange.B.Isawforestsandcountryside,too.C.WillwebegoingbacktoEngland?D.Wehadhour-longjourneysbycartogettowork.E.Wewouldjuststepoutsideintothegardenandswiminthepool.F.Intheevening,we’dhaveabarbecueinNickandCarol’sgarden.G.TheonlythingIwasconcernedaboutwasmissingEnglishculture.【答案】16.F17.D18.A19.B20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一对夫妇从英国移民到澳大利亚的故事。【16题详解】上文“Wespentourdaysrelaxingonthebeach,orgoingintothecitytoexplore.(我们白天在海滩上放松，或者去城市探索)”说明作者和丈夫白天所做的事，F项“晚上，我们会在尼克和卡罗尔的花园里烧烤。”与上文形成承接关系，说明作者和丈夫晚上会做的事情，符合题意。故选F。【17题详解】下文“WhenIthoughtofNickandCarol’sspacioushouseinSydney,andhowtheybothwalkedtotheirjobseachmorning,Ikeptthinkingtomyself,“Iwanttobethere!”(当我想到尼克和卡罗尔在悉尼宽敞的房子，以及他们每天早上如何步行上班时，我一直在想，“我想去那里！”)”说明作者在悉尼的朋友住在悉尼宽敞的房子里，每天步行去上班，D项“我们坐一个小时的车去上班。”说明作者和丈夫去上班需要坐车很久，与下文形成对比关系，符合题意。故选D。【18题详解】上文“Slowly,westartedtalkingabouttheideaofmovingtoAustralia.We’dhadenoughofshort,cold,wetdaysandsmallhousesinEngland.Thecrowdsandqueuesofpeopleathomeweretoomuch.(慢慢地，我们开始谈论搬到澳大利亚的想法。我们已经受够了英国短暂、寒冷、潮湿的日子和小房子。家里的人群和排队的人太多了)”说明作者和丈夫对于现在的居住情况和生活情况感到厌烦，想要做出改变，A项“是时候做出改变了。”承接上文，作为上文的结果，符合题意。故选A。【19题详解】上文“Whenwearrived,andflewoverthecityofPerth,Isawthebrightsunshineandthespacioushousesandswimmingpoolsbelow.(当我们到达并飞越珀斯市时，我看到了明媚的阳光和下面宽敞的房子和游泳池)”介绍作者在乘坐飞机时看到的景象，B项“我也看到了森林和乡村。”与上文并列，继续介绍作者看到的景象，符合题意。故选B。【20题详解】下文“Tovisit,definitely—butnottolive.Australiafeelslikehomenow.(当然，是去参观，但不是去生活。澳大利亚现在感觉就像家一样)”说明作者感觉在澳大利亚的生活很好，像家一样，由此推知，作者会回去英国参观，但不会去英国生活，C项“我们会回英国吗？”提出问题，引出下文的回答，符合题意。故选C。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenImovedtoanewschool,mygradesbegantoslip,andaonceoutgoingpersonalityfadedintothebackground.Oneday,afterIhandedinyetanother____21____doneassignment,Mr.Thompson,themathteacheraskedmetostayafterclass.Intheafternoontheclasswas____22____,leavingjustthetwoofusintheclassroom.“Alex,iseverythingalright?”Mr.Thompsonasked,hisvoicefilledwith____23____.WhenI____24____mytroubles,Mr.Thompsonlistenedwithpatience,nodding____25____.Hethensharedastoryabouthisown____26____whenhewasyounger—movingfrequentlyduetohisfather’smilitarycareer.“Thatmusthavebeen____27____,”Isaid,feelingaconnectionforthefirsttimeinweeks.Mr.Thompson____28____,“Itwas.ButIlearnedthatseekinghelpandfindingsupportivepeoplemadea____29____.Howaboutweworkonaplantogetyoubackontrack?”Withthat,Mr.Thompsonbecamealifelineforme.Hesetupweeklymeetingsto____30____whatIhadlearntanddiscussstrategiestoimprovemyacademicperformance.Healso____31____metojointheschool’sdebateteam,knowingitwouldbeagoodwayformetomeetnewfriendsand____32____confidence.Asmonthspassed,Imaderapidprogress.The____33____withMr.Thompsongrewstronger.Atthatmoment,therealization____34____me:eveninthedarkesttimes,the____35____ofotherscouldlighttheway.21.A.neatly B.poorly C.properly D.briefly22.A.dismissed B.organized C.informed D.grouped23.A.surprise B.certainty C.concern D.relief24.A.sufferedfrom B.askedfor C.dealtwith D.pouredout25.A.gratefully B.thoughtfully C.casually D.hopefully26.A.struggles B.failures C.choices D.dreams27.A.rare B.strange C.tough D.unique28.A.choked B.signed C.nodded D.stared29.A.difference B.promise C.choice D.point30.A.quote B.review C.prove D.exchange31.A.ordered B.appointed C.encouraged D.elected32.A.affect B.convey C.maintain D.regain33.A.bond B.similarity C.competition D.cooperation34.A.escaped B.hit C.upset D.shocked35A.confidence B.wisdom C.patience D.kindness【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.A27.C28.C29.A30.B31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者转学到新学校后成绩下滑、性格变得内向。数学老师汤普森先生通过耐心倾听和分享个人经历，帮助作者重拾信心并制定了学习计划。在汤普森先生的帮助下，作者不仅学业进步，还结识了新朋友，重拾了自信。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一天，在我又交了一份做得很差的作业后，数学老师汤普森先生让我留下。A.neatly整洁地；B.poorly差劲地；C.properly适当地；D.briefly简短地。根据前文“mygradesbegantoslip”可知，作者的成绩开始下滑，因此推断此处表示作业完成得不好。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午放学后，教室里只剩下我们两个人。A.dismissed解散；B.organized组织；C.informed通知；D.grouped分组。根据下文“ leavingjustthetwoofusintheclassroom”可知，教室里只剩下我们两个人，班级已经解散了。故选A项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“亚历克斯，一切都好吗？”汤普森先生问，他的声音充满了关切。A.surprise惊讶；B.certainty确定；C.concern关心；D.relief宽慰。根据上文“Alex,iseverythingalright?”可知，此处表达老师对学生的关心。故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我倾诉烦恼时，汤普森先生耐心地听着，若有所思地点头。A.sufferedfrom遭受；B.askedfor请求；C.dealtwith处理；D.pouredout倾诉。根据下文“Mr.Thompsonlistenedwithpatience”可知，此处表示学生向老师倾诉烦恼。故选D项。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我倾诉烦恼时，汤普森先生耐心地听着，若有所思地点头。A.gratefully感激地；B.thoughtfully沉思地；C.casually随意地；D.hopefully有希望地。根据上文“Mr.Thompsonlistenedwithpatience,nodding”可知，老师是在耐心地听着地听着学生的倾诉，并沉思地点头回应。故选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他分享了自己年轻时的困难经历——由于父亲的军旅生涯，他经常搬家。A.struggles奋斗，难事；B.failures失败；C.choices选择；D.dreams梦想。根据下文“whenhewasyounger—movingfrequentlyduetohisfather’smilitarycareer”可知，老师由于父亲的军旅生涯而频繁搬家，此处表示他年轻时的困难。故选A项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“那一定很艰难，”我说，几周来第一次感受到了这种联系。A.rare罕见的；B.strange奇怪的；C.tough艰难的；D.unique独特的。根据上文“whenhewasyounger—movingfrequentlyduetohisfather’smilitarycareer”可知，由于老师父亲的军旅生涯而频繁搬家，作者认为这一定是很艰难的经历。故