专题03 名词的数

小升初语法第3讲：名词【考点解读】名词是人类认识事物所使用的基本词汇，是用来表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念的名称的词。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、称呼语等。小升初的考点主要集中在名词的分类判断和名词的修饰成分上面。【知识讲解】名词的分类名词是用来表示人名、地名、事物名称及其抽象概念的词类。名词变复数的规则如果我们想表示多个人或物就要用这个名词的复数形式。要注意：只有可数名词才有复数形式的变化。名词变复数的规则变化例词一般情况下在可数名词词尾直接加scar-cars以s,x,sh,ch结尾的可数名词加esbus-buses，dish-dishes，fox-foxes，watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾名词，把y变i，加esstory-stories，family-families（家人）以“元音字母+y”结尾名词，直接加sboy-boys,toy-toys以f/fe结尾,变f/fe为v，加esleaf-leaves（树叶）以o结尾有生命的名词，加espotato-potatoes以o结尾无生命的名词，加sphoto-photos（照片）❊特别提示：常见以f/fe结尾的名词有wife（妻子）,knife（刀）,wolf（狼）,thief（小偷）,shelf（架子）,self（自己）,life（寿命）,half（一半）,leaf（树叶）记忆口诀：妻子拿刀去追狼，小偷见了着了慌，架子底下自保命，半片树叶遮目光常见以o结尾的名词加es的词：Negro（黑人）,hero（英雄）,potato,tomato,mango。记忆口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆炖西红柿和芒果名词变复数的不规则变化特殊变化有一些名词在变成复数时不遵循以上原则。我们把小学阶段遇到的特殊变化的名词整理如下：构词法例词a变eman-men,woman-womenoo变eefoot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese词尾+ren/enchild-children,ox-oxen（公牛）单复数相同Chinese（中国人）,

Japanese（日本人）,police（警察）,people（人们）,deer（鹿）,sheep（羊）,fish（鱼）

✭单复数相同的词记忆口诀：中日警察好友来聚会，鹿、羊、鱼、牛齐齐把家回表示（某）国人的名词复数在英语名词复数中，表示（某）国人的名词复数有些加S,有些又不加，学生常会出错。我们可以借助于顺口溜去记忆，即：“中日瑞不变，英法都要变，其他国人加s”。Chinese--Chinese中国人Japanese--Japanese日本人Swiss--Swiss瑞士人Englishman--Englishmen英国人Frenchman--Frenchmen法国人American--AmericansGerman--Germans.

复合名词的复数变化复合名词变复数的规则例词一般情况下在词尾加sbookshop-bookshops以“man/woman+名词”时，前后名词都变man-teacher→menteachers、womandoctor→womendoctors以“boy/girl+名词”时，变后面的词girlstudent→girlstudents多以复数形式出现的名词

如：clothes衣服，

shoes

鞋子，sunglasses

太阳镜，shorts短裤，scissors剪刀,glasses眼镜,shears大剪刀,

trousers长裤可数名词的数量表达可数名词可以借助量词来表达，of后面用名词复数,尤其是成双成对的名词复数。如：apairofglasses;threepairsoftrousers;apairofscissors;apairoftrousers;apairofglasses;apairof

socks;apairof

gloves;apairof

shoes✭可数名词借助量词来表达时要注意：后面虽然用复数，动词要根据前面的量词来决定。如：Thereisaboxofapplesinthecar.Therearefourpairsofshoesunderthebed.可数名词可以借助some,any,alotof,many等词来修饰。如：someapples,manypeople,alotofbooks等等。常见的不可数名词以及修饰名词的数量词常见的不可数名词如下表液体类milk,juice,coffee,water,tea,coke,oil,vinegar(醋),soy,yogurt,wine,petrol（汽油）,blood,flood食物类fruit,food,meat,beef,pork,mutton,rice,flour,bread,salt,sugar,butter,cream,jam,sauce,pizza,jelly,jam,ham自然类weather,rain,snow,wind,fog,frost(霜),light,fire,sunshine,thunder,lightning,electricity材料类silk,wool,cotton,cloth,iron,steel,glass(玻璃),paper,coal,gold,silver,plastic,wood其他furniture,money,air,fun,music,news,glue,tape,time(时间),work,homework,housework,information,advice不可数名词的数量表达不可数名词前不能用a/an，在句中相当于单数名词，谓语动词用单数。如：Wateristhesourceoflife.水是生命的源泉。不可数名词可以借助于piece,bottle,packet等量词来表示数量。如：单词量词短语意思paperapieceofpaper一张纸cakeapieceofcake一块蛋糕breadasliceofbread一片面包wateracuppfwater一杯水chocolateapacketofchocolate一包巧克力papertwopiecesofpaper两张纸有了以上量词的帮助，不可数名词也可以提现具体的数量了。apieceofpaper一张纸twopiecesofpaper两张纸acupofcoffee一杯咖啡twocupsofcoffee两杯咖啡名词的句法作用名词在句子中可以用作如下成分：名词作主语Theboyopenedthedoor.那个男孩把门打开了。名词作宾语Isawtheboy.我看到那个男孩。（boy作动词saw的宾语）Givethemoneytoyourbrother.把这些钱给你兄弟。(brother作介词to的宾语)名词作表语Heisacleverboy.他是个聪明的孩子。名词宾语补足语Theycalledhimafool.他们叫他傻瓜。Hewascalledafool.（当含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态的时候，原来的宾语变成了主语，那么原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。）名词作定语Isitacolourfilm?是彩色影片吗？名词作同位语ThisismyfriendJohn.【考题精练】朗读下列单词，并按照要求把单词写在相应的横线处。plane,lake,water,sugar,chair,butter,tea,meat,air,milk,card,cheese,match,news,rice可数名词不可数名词写出下列名词的复数tooth--_______goose--________table--_______sheep--________mandriver--______potato--________piano--_______mouse--_______loaf--________glass(玻璃杯)--_______watch--_______country--_______单项选择。()1.--What

are

these?

--They

are

__________.

A.

deers

B.

radios

C.

radioes

D.tomatos

()2.How

many

__________

are

there

in

these

__________?

A.

tomatos,

photos

B.

tomatoes,

photos

C.

tomatoes,

photoes

D.potatos,photoes

()3.Mr.

Chen

has

two

__________.

A.

tooths

B.

teeth

C.

teeths

D.toothes

()4.Here

are

__________

for

you,

Sue.

A.

potatos

B.

some

potatoes

C.

three

tomatos

D.

some

tomato

()5.Then

the

__________

began

to

eat

the

green

__________

of

young

trees.

A.

deer,

leafs

B.

deer,

leaves

C.

deer,

leaf

D.

deers,

leafs

()6.I

met

some

__________

in

the

park

and

talked

with

them

the

other

day.

A.

Japanese

B.

American

C.

Chineses

D.

English

()7.--

Excuse

me,

are

you

__________?

---

Yes,

I’m

from

__________.

A.

Japan,

Japanese

B.

China,

Chinese

C.

England,

English

D.American,

America

()8.A

group

of

__________are

talking

with

two__________

over

there.

A.

Frenchmen,

Germans

B.

Frenchmen,

Germen

C.

Frenchmen,

German

D.

Frenchmanes,

Germans

()9.Yesterday

a

few

__________

came

to

visit

some__________

in

Shantou.

A.

German,

places

of

interest

B.

Germans,

places

of

interests

C.

Germans,

places

of

interest

D.

Germen,

places

of

interest。

()10.Two

__________

and

five

__________

are

studying

Chinese

at

Beijing

University.

A.

German,

English

B.

Germans,

English

C.

Germans,

Englishmen

D.

Germen,

Englishmen()11.There

are

twenty

__________

in

our

hospital.

A.

woman

doctors

B.

women

doctor

C.

women

doctors

D.

woman

doctor

()12.__________

are

usually

careful

in

doing

exercises.

A.Girl

students

B.

Girls

students

C.

Girls’

students

D.Girl’s

students

()13.The

delicious

dishes

are

cooked

by

__________.

A.

women

cookers

B.

women

cooks

C

.woman

cooks

D.

woman

cookers

()14.Julie

went

to

the

__________

to

buy

a

pair

of

shoes.

A.

shoes

store

B.

shoe’s

store

C.

shoe

store

D.

shoes’

store

()15.Look

at

the

shoes.

They

are

my

__________.

A.

sister

B.

sisters

C.

sisters’s

D.

sisters'

()16.This

is

__________

room.

Come

in,

please.A.

John

and

Joan

of

B.

John

and

Joan’s

C.

John’s

and

Joan’s

D.

John’s

and

Joan

()17.We

sell

__________

in

our

shop.

A.

woman

and

child’s

clothes

B.

women

and

children

T-shirts

C.

women’s

and

children’s

jackets

D.

woman’s

and

child’s

coats()18.We

had

a

good

time

during

our

__________

holiday.

A.

two

weeks

B.

two-week

C.

two-week’s

D.

two

weeks’

()19.__________

room

is

on

the

5th

floor.

A.

Lucy

and

Lily

B.

Lucy

and

Lily’s

C.

Lucy’s

and

Lily

D.

Lucy’s

and

Lily’s

()20.I

like

that

son

of

__________.

A.

John’s

sister

B.

John

sister’s

C.

John’s

sister’s

D.

John’s

sisters

()21.On

__________,

all

the

children

can

play

games

all

day.

A.

Children’s

Day

B.

Childrens’

Day

C.

The

Children’s

Day

D.children

day

()22.This

is

not

my

cap,

but

my

__________.

A.

brothers

B.

brother’s

C.

brothers’

D.

brother

()23.Tom's

car

is

more

beautiful

than__________.

A.

his

brother's

and

sister

B.

his

brother

and

sister

C.

his

brothers

and

sisters

D.

his

brother's

and

sister's

()24.I’ll

go

and

call

at

__________

right

after

school.

A.

the

doctor

B.

the

Smiths

C.

Smith

D.my

uncle’s

用所给词的适当形式填空。