2021-2022学年上海市华师大二附中（紫竹校区）高一（下）期中英语试卷

2021-2022学年上海市华师大二附中（紫竹校区）高一（下）期

中英语试卷

第一部分：听力（30分）SectionA（每小题1.5分，共10题，满分15.0分）Directions：

hiSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweenspeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsofthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,

readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswerto

thequestionyouhaveheard.

1.（1.5分）A.Atabusstation.

B.Atanairport.

C.Atagasstation.

D.Atatrainstation.

2.（1.5分）A.Themangotastudentdiscountprice.

B.Thewomandoesn'thaveastudentcard.

C.Thewomangotastudentdiscountprice.

D.Thewomandidn'tgetastudentdiscountprice.

3.（1.5分）A.Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn'treturnthebook.

B.Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman.

C.Thewomandoesn'tfindthebookusefulanymore.

D.Thewomandoesn'tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.

4.（1.5分）A.9：30.

B.10：00.

C.10：30.

D.ll：30.

5.（1.5分）A.$30.

B.$60.

C.$90.

D.$120.

6.（1.5分）A.Goonatrip.

B.Consultatravelagency.

C.Gotoagiftshop.

D.Packtheirluggage.

7.（1.5分）A.Interesting.

B.Wild.

C.Ridiculous.

0.Reasonable.

8.（1.5分）A.Susanwantstoinvitethemantojointhem.

B.Thewomanhasaddedanothertableintherestaurant.

C.Thewomanhasalreadyplannedaneveningdinner.

D.Sheknowsthelatestrestaurantopenings.

9.（1.5分）A.Herescuedababyfromafire.

B.Hejumpedfromacarriagewhichwasonfire.

C.Herailthefastestinarace.

D.Hebehavedbravelyinafire.

10.（05分）A.Hetriedhardbutstillfailedintheexam.

B.Heisregretfulabouthiscarelessness.

C.Thenoteshemadeiswell-spotted.

D.Heshouldborrowthewoman'snotesnexttime.

SectionB（每小题1.5分，共10题，满分15.0分）Directions：InSectionB,youwillhear

onepassageandtwolongerconversations.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbe

askedseveralquestions.Thepassageandtheconversationswillbereadtwice,butthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion）readthefourpossible

answersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhave

heard.

11.（4.5分）（1）A.Spottingwherethesnowisthethickest.

B.Recordinghowlongthesnowlasts.

C.Huntingwhenthesnowstopsmelting.

D.Trackingthesnowthatremainsunpolluted.

（2）A.Heisfascinatedatthesightofsnowmelting.

B.Hewantstohelpbattleclimatechange.

C.Heconsidersitagoodformofexercise.

D.Heearnsextramoneybysnowhunting.

(3)A.Since2000,snowmeltinghasoccurredthreetimes.

B.SnowfirstdisappearedfromthewholeofScotland'smountainsin1840.

C.Halfoftherecordedsnowmeltinghashappenedinthepast20yearsorso.

0.Recordsofsnowing-huntingdidn'tcomeintobeinguntiltheendofthe20thcentury.

12.(4.5分)(1)A.4：00p.m.intheclassroom.

B.6：00p.m.intheclassroom.

C.4：00p.m.inthegarden.

D.6：00p.m.inthegarden.

(2)A.Hehasclassesatthattime.

B.Heistravellingabroad.

C.Hedoesn'tlikebarbeque.

D.Hehasn'tpreparedagift.

(3)A.Awatch.B.Acard.

C.Aball.

D.Aheadphone.

13.(6分)(1)A.Becausebooksaretooheavy.

B.Becauseacellphoneisportable.

C.Becausehisbooksarenotpopularamongthetravellers.

0.Becauseuserscanratetherestaurantsandfoodontheapp.

(2)A.Heacceptsadvicefromthetaxidrivers.

B.Hedoesalotofresearchintothedifficultmenus.

C.Thehotelstaffrecommendsrestaurantstohim.

D.Hetalkswithlocalpeopleandwalkaroundtospotgoodrestaurants.

(3)A.Checkingouttheplacethechefcomesfrom.

B.Ignoringfancyrestaurantsandonlyvisitingsmallrestaurants.

C.Tryinghigh-pricedwines.

□.Decidingthehygieneconditionsbyusingthebathroomfirst.

（4）A.Importanceofmenusandservices.

B.Youngpeople'stravelingbudget.

C.Choiceofgoodfoodandrestaurants.

0.Advantagesofafoodapp.

第二部分：语法与词汇（35分）I.Choosethebestanswer.（每小题1分，共15小题，满

分15分）

14.（1分）I___myexperiencetheresomuchthatIcontinuedtovolunteerregularlyinmy

communityallthroughouthighschool.（）

A.recalledB.appreciated

C.rememberedD.preserved

15.（1分）Mostcomputerusersare___threatfromviruses.（）

A.withinB.uponC.towardsD.under

16.（1分）Noonehascomeupwithaconvincingexplanationofwhydinosaurs.

WhichoneofthefollowingchoicesisNOTCORRECT?（）

A.extinctedB.becameextinct

C.cameintoextinctionD.diedout

17.（1分）Itisreportedthat__hasbeendiscoveredintherainforestinBrazil.（）

A.newspeciesB.anewspecies

C.anewspecyD.anewspecie

18.（1分）Newresearchersallovertheworldaretryingtodevelopdrugsthatwould

quickly_theimmunesystemfollowingveryhighdosesofchemotherapy.（）

A.recreateB.recoverC.restoreD.replace

19.（1分）Manyincreditindustryexpectthatcreditcardswilleventuallypapermoneyfor

almosteverypurchase.（）

A.exchangeB.reduceC.replaceD.substitute

20.（1分）Assoonaseveryonetheexamination,thetestpapersweregivenout.（）

A.taking...wasseatedB.took...seated

C.taking...seatedD.taken...wasseated

21.（1分）Wewereswimminginthelakesuddenlythestormstarted.（）

A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before

22.(1分)We___homeitbegantorainheavily.()

A.hadleft；hardlywhen

B.hardlyleft；than

C.havehardlyleft；than

D.hadhardlyleft；when

23.(1分)Let'snotpickthesepeachesuntilthisweekendtheygetsweetenoughtobeeaten.

()

A.eversinceB.asif

C.eventhoughD.sothat

24.(1分)Allpeople,theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbestto

helpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.()

A.evenifB.whetherC.nomatterD.however

25.(1分)GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.()

A.ofwhichB.withwhich

C.aboutwhichD.intowhich

26.(1分)Theexcitementofdivingintotheseaishardtoexplaintohasn'tdoneit.()

A.anyoneB.thosewho

C.whoeverthatD.someonewho

27.(1分)talkingwithhim,you'llfindhimaneasy-goingman.()

A.OnceB.UnlessC.UntilD.Before

28.(1分)-Isthatall?

-Yes.That'sallIwanttotake.()

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose

II.Cloze（每小题20分，共1小题，满分20分）

29.(20分)There'sbeenalotwrittenaboutcolorpsychologybutwhatwedoknowisthatcolor

cangreatlyaffecthumanemotionandbehavior.Alotofusalreadyknowthatcolorscansuggest

amoodorattitude,butdoyouknowthatcolorisa(1)thatcanpersuadeustobuy

things?

Accordingtosomeresearchcolorcanbeupto85percentofthereasonwhywe(2)

topurchasesomething.Smartmarketersknow：Color(3)!

Yesyouknow,rightcolorsmakeproductsbetter.Colors(4)howwefeelaboutthe

foodweeat.(5)?orangejuicewithenhancedorangecolorwaspreferredover

naturallycoloredorangejuiceandwasthoughttobesweeter.

Inthecaseof(6),coloralsoplaysarole.Haveyouevernoticedthatpinkis

oftenusedasthecolorof(7)?Thai*sforagoodreason.Inaresearchstudy,some

womenweregivenpinkandwhitefacecreams,whichwere(8)exceptfortheir

color.Onehundredpercentofthewomensaidthatthepinkfacecreamsweremoreeffective

andmoregentleonsensitiveskin.

(9),"morecolorful,morepersonalized"isalsoacceptedbymostproducers.It's

truethatweneednotonlygoodqualityproducts,but(10)ones.Thisurges

manufacturerstomaketheirproductsmoreandmore"colorful".

TakeM&M'sMilkChocolateCandiesforexample.HavingapacketofM&M'scandiesin

(11),choosingwhichonetoeatfirst(12)thecolors-manyofusprobably

havehadsuchexperience.Avarietyofcolorsisthe(13)oftheclassiccandies.Now

theyhavecomewithevenmorecustomcolorsthatwillbesureto"(14)inyour

mouth,notinyourhand!'*Gold,silver,pinkandmanyothercolorsareavailabletochoose

from.Eatingsuchcandiesmustbe(15)"sweet"experience.

AnothersuccessfulcolormarketingexampleisApple'siPhone.DoesApplehave(16)

communicationtechnology?Maybe»butthat'snotthepoint,marketingexpertssay.What

makestheiPhoneso(17)is14thesystemthatmakesiteasyforpeopletoexpress

themselvesthroughcolorchoices."ThenewestmodelofiPhone(18)severalcolors

-pink,red,blue,green,andsoon.Color,asa(19)statement,addsatouchof

(20)tothesmartphone.

(1)A.choiceB.therapyC.tool0.secret

(2)A.decideB.struggleC.refuseD.seek

(3)A.speaksB.sellsC.claimsD.screams

(4)A.reflectB.recallC.influenceD.know

(5)A.ForexampleB.BycontrastC.InthemeantimeD.Whafsmore

(6)A.fashionB.cosmeticsC.skin0.psychology

(7)A.facecreamsB.lipsticksC.hairdyesD.nails

(8)A.idealB.smoothC.identical0.practical

(9)A.AdditionallyB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile

(10)A.interestingB.popularC.personalized0.beautiful

(11)A.mindB.mouthC.handD.pocket

(12)A.accordingtoB.regardlessofC.inspiteof0.contraryto

(13)A.signatureB.tasteC.codeD.signal

(14)A.swallowB.digestC.chewD.melt

(15)A.commonlyB.particularlyC.normallyD.regularly

(16)A.limitedB.superiorC.positive0.supportive

(17)A.diverseB.entertainingC.precious0.appealing

(18)A.inventsB.releasesC.produces0.features

(19)A.differentB.rareC.personalD.colorful

(20)A.humanityB.popularityC.individuality0.activity

第三部分：阅读理解(50分)(每小题2.5分，共5小题，满分50.0分)

30.(10分)WhenIsteppedouttheplanefromMiamiintoCharlotte,NorthCarolina,airportfor

aconnectingflighthome,Iimmediatelyknewsomethingwaswrong.Lotsofdesperatepeople

crowdedtheterminal.IquicklylearnedthatflightsheadedtotheNortheastwerecalledoff

becauseofastorm.TheearliesttheycouldgetusoutofCharlottewasTuesday.ltwasFriday.A

gateagentstoodonthecounterandshouted,"Don'taskusforhelp!Wecannothelpyou!"

Ijoinedacrowd(hatranfromterminaltoterminalinsearchofaflightoul.Eventually，

Ifoundsixstrangerswillingtorentavanwithme.WedrovethroughthenighttoWashington,

whereItookatraintherestofthewaytoProvidence.

Therealproblem,ofcourse,isthatincidentslikethishappeneveryday,toeveryonewho

flies,moreandmoreoften.ltreallygetstome,though,becauseforeightyearsIwasonthe

otherside,asaflightattendantforTrans-WorldAirlines(TWA).

Iknowthedaysaregonewhenattendantscouldbewrittenupifwedidnotputthelines

napkinswiththeTWAlogointhelowerright-handcomerofthefirst-classdiners'trays.As

arethedayswhentherewerethreedinneroptionsonflightsfromBostontoLosAngelesin

economyclass.When,once,stuckonatarmac(机场停机坪)inNewarkforfourhours,a

planeloadofpassengersgotMcDonald'shamburgersandfriesbythoughtfulnessoftheairline.

Ihaveexperiencedthedeclineofservicealongwiththerestoftheflyingpublic.ButI

believeeverythingwillchangelittlebylittle,becauseIrememberthedayswhentoflywasto

soar.Theairlocks,andtheiremployees,tookprideinhowtheirpassengersweretreated.AndI

thinkthedaysaresuretocomebackonedayinthenearfuture.

Choosethebestanswer.

(1)Whatdidtheauthorencounterwhensteppingoutoftheplane?

A.Thegatheringcrowdagainstthedecliningservice.

B.Accidentalattacksintheterminal.

C.ThecancellationofflightstotheNortheast.

D.Thenon-performanceandindifferenceofthesecurity.

(2)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Incidentshappenedtothosewhoflyquiteoften.

B.ThewriterusedtobeaflightattendantforTrans-WorldAirlines.

C.Evenasmallmistakemightcausecomplaintsfrompassengersinthepast.

D.McDonald'shamburgersandfrieswereamongregulardinneroptions.

(3)Thereasonwhytheauthormentionsthepastdaysinthefinalparagraphisto.

A.comparetheserviceinthepastwiththeonenow

B.illustratesheprefersmoredinneroptionsonflights

C.indicateshehaswitnessedthebestHightservicebefore

D.showshehasrichtravellingexperience

(4)Whatcanbeimpliedfromthepassage?

A.HiewriterlivedinChailotte,NorthCarolina.

B.Passengerswouldtakedelightinthetreatmenttheyhadreceived.

C.Thewriterwithotherpassengerswaitedtobepickeduppatiently.

D.Thewriterthoughttheservicewasnotasgoodasitusedtobe.

31.（10分）Overthelastdecade,demandforthecosmeticsurgeryhasincreasedbymorethan400

percent.AccordingtoDr.DaiDavies,ofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmiththe

majorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rather,theyare

driventoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal.MWhatweallwantistolook

normal.Theadvertisingmediagiveusaperception（概念）ofwhatisphysicallyacceptable

andwefeelwemustlooklikethat."

InAmerica,thedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal；rather,itcentreson

whatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImber

recommends''maintenance"workforpeopleintheirthirties.HTheideaofwaitinguntilone

needsaheroictransformationissilly,"hesays.nBythen,you'vewasted20greatyearsofyour

lifeandallowedthingstogetoutofhand.Dr.ImberdrawsIhnlinealopcralingonpeoplewho

areunder18,however."Itseemsthatsomeonewedon'tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrink

shouldn'tbeconsideringplasticsurgery."

IntheU.K.cosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusivedomainC领土）ofthevery

richandfamous.Butthecostoftreatmenthasfallenconsiderably,bringingallbutthemost

advancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.DaviessaysMOfcourse,£3,

000fbranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoallinvestmentforlifewhichcostsabout

halfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday.n

Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophistication（精密）ofthefatinjectingand

removaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanesthetic（麻醉）inan

afternoonhasalsohelpedpromotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery；Onewomanwho

recentlypaid£2,500forliposuctiontoremovefatfromherthighsadmitted,"Goingintothe

clinicwassolowkeyandeffectivethatitwhettedmyappetite.NowIdon'tthinkthere'sany

operationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit."

Choosethebestanswer.

（1）Thestatement"drawsthelineatoperatingonpeople"（Paragraph2）isclosestinmeaning

to.

A.removingwrinklesfromtheface

B.helpingpeoplemakeup

C.enjoyingoperating

D.refusingtooperate

(2)Accordingtothethirdparagraph.Dr.Daviesimpliesthat.

A.cosmeticsurgery,thoughcostly,isworthhaving

B.cosmeticsurgeryistooexpensive

C.cosmeticsurgeryisnecessaryevenfortheaverageperson

D.cosmeticsurgeryismainlyfortherichandfamous

(3)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.

A.itiswisetohavecosmeticsurgeryunder18

B.cosmeticsurgeryisnowmucheasier

C.peopletendtoabusecosmeticsurgery

D.theearlierpeoplehavecosmeticsurgery,thebettertheywillbe

(4)Thetextismainlyabout.

A.theadvantageofhavingcosmeticsurgery

B.whatkindofpeopleshouldhavecosmeticsurgery

C.thereasonwhycosmeticsurgeryissopopular

D.thedisadvantageofhavingcosmeticsurgery

32.(12.5分)Abreedofupstartappsistakingonallinternetfunctionthatmightseemunneededor

evenill-advised：helpingteenstalktostrangers.

Brandedas"socialdiscovery0servics,theseappspitchthemselvesasalternativesto

outletsthatalreadyspecializeinonlineconnections,likeFacebookandInstagram.Theysay

theyarebetterathelpingyoungusersmeetlike-mindedpeopleoutsidetheirexisting

circles.Andtheysaytheyhavesafeguards,suchasseparatingusersbyageandusingartificial

intelligence,toprotectagainsttheinappropriateorunsafebehaviorthathasplaguedprevious

attemptstoconnectyoungpeopleonline.

Theirusernumberssuggestthat,whethertheysucceedinstrikingtherightbalance,apps

likeYuboandHooparetappingintoaneedamongyoungpeoplefornewwaystobranchout

online.

*'Thereisnoplacetodaytosocializeonline,"saysSachaLazimi,the26-year-old

Frenchco-founderofYubo,whichconnectsstrangerswithmessagingandlive,streaming.

ItisacounterintuitivestatementforanyonewhohadseenteenssendingSnapsrapidfire

totheirfriends,respondingtovideosonTikTok,FaceTimingforhours,orusingInstagram.But

Mr.Lazimithinksthoseplatformsallowfortoomuchpassiveparticipation."Snapchat,

InstagiainandTikTokareallaboutperformance,contentandindividual*',hesays.

YubofeaturesaswipinginterfacesimilartothatofTinder.ButMr.Lazimiinsistsitisnota

datingapp.Thepoint,hesays,istofacilitatecommunicationbetweenpeopleallovertheworld

whosharemutualinterests.Yuboisn'tpresenteverywhereinthelivesofAmericanteensyet-

andmaybeneverwillbe-butthecompanysaystheapphas25millionuserssignedup,

withnearlyhalfofdailyusenowcoiningfromAmerica.

Butsomeoftheseappshavealsobeenthesubjectofsafetyconcerns.Yubohasalsofaced

itsownsafetychallenges.InFlorida,law-enforcementofficiallysaytheyarrestedamanwho

reportedlykidnappedateenagerthroughYubo.

Inastatement.Yubosaidthatthepreventionofchildabusehasbeenakeypriorityforthe

pastthreeyears."Yuborecognizesitsresponsibilityinprotectingyoungpeopleusingits

serviceandhasgonefarbeyondmanyofthemainsocialmediaservices."

However,actuallyteensaredoingmoretoprotectthemselvesthanmanygivethemcredit

for,saysDr.Hinduja."Theyaredoingsomethingtokeepthemselvessafeorwewouldhave

strikinglymorevictimizationthanwedo."

(1)IntermsofwhatFacebookandInstagramcandotohelpandprotecttheusers,whichone

isNOTmentioned?

A.Sendingappropriatenotificationstospecificusers.

B.Separatingusersbydifferentagegroups.

C.Usingartificialintelligencetoensureinternetsafety.

0.Helpingusersfindpeoplewithcommoninterests.

(2)Inthispassage,theword"plagued"(paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto.

A.highlighted

B.justified

C.troubled

□.extended

(3)Inparagraph's,thewritermentions"Snapchat,InstagramandTikTok"inorder

to.

A.comparethevariousfunctionsdifferentappsboast

B.statethenecessityfortheemergenceofappslikeYubo

C.clarifythereasonfortheirbeingreplacedbyotherapps

D.provetheimportanceofactiveparticipationincommunication

(4)Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Instagramhasalreadylostitsappealtotheyoungusers.

B.Yubofailstodowhatitpromisedtoprotectteenagers.

C.Hoopisintendedforcommunicationamongcolleges.

D.TikTokisavideo-sharingappexclusivelyusedinAmerica.

(5)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsappslikeYubo?

A.Supportive.

B.Indifferent.

C.Prejudiced.

0.Negative

33.(7.5分)

CityWater

13thJuly,2020

Reference：6509111B-8801

DearResident

Re：InterruptiontoYourWaterSupply

CityWaterwillbecarryingoutessentialmaintenanceworkinyourareatoensurethatyou

continuetohaveareliableandhighqualitywatersupply.

Tocompletethisworkwewillneedtoturnoffthewatersupplytoyourpropertyforfivehours

from9：00a.m.to2：00p.m.onMonday13thJuly2020.

Pleasenotethattheabovetimesmayvarydependingonweatherconditionsandthenatureof

therepairs.Ourcrewwillbeonsitebeforeandaftertheshutdown.

Theaffectedstreetsare：GeorgeSt,PaulSt,RochesterRd,KENSINGTON

Weapologizeforanyinconveniencethatthisworkmaycause.Everyeffortwillbemadeto

minimizenoiseandtoensurethewatersupplytoyourpropertyisresumedassoonaspossible.

Beforeyourwateristurnedoffwerecommendthatyoustoreasufficientquantityofwaterto

meetyourneedsduringthistime.Ifyouareabusiness,youmaywishtoarrangeanalternative

watersupply.

Whileyourwateristurnedoffwerecommendthatyou：

•Keepyourtapsturnedoff.

•Avoidusingyourhotwatersystem,washingmachineanddishwasher.

Aftertheworkiscompleted,werecommendthatyou：

•Turnonyourtapsslowly,oneatime,toallowanytrappedairescape.

•Leavetapsrunninguntilanydiscolorationclears.

•Allowwatertorunclearbeforeusinganyhotwater.

•Useanydiscoloredwateronyourplantsorgarden.

Ifyourneighboursdonotregularlycollecttheirmail,cannotreadthisnoticeorareaged,

pleaseassistbylettingthemknowwhatishappening.

Weappreciateyourunderstandingandcooperationduringthisimportantworkandwewilltry

tominimizeanyinconveniencecaused.

Sincerely,

PeterGregory

CivilMaintenance

(1)Whatkeyinformationismentionedinthenotice?

A.Thereplysystemhasinterrupteddailywatersupply.

B.ResidentsshouldmakecombinedeffortstohelpCityWater.

C.Maintenanceworkwillleadtotemporarywatershutdown.

D.Extrawatersupplywillbeprovidedwhentapsarcturnedoff.

(2)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thedurationdependsonweatherconditionsandtechnicians'skills.

B.Hotwatersystemstillfunctionssmoothlyinthisperiod.

C.Therearedifferentdirectionsatdifferentstages.

0.Discoloredwaterisharmlesstohumanbodies.

(3)Wheredothereadersmostprobablyfindthisleaflet?

A.Intheirletterbox.

B.Ontheirsocialplatform.

C.Inthenewspaper.

D.Intheire-mailbox.

34.(10分)Languagelearningbeginswithlistening.Childrenaregreatlydifferentintheamountof

listeningtheydobeforetheystartspeaking,andlaterstartersareoftenlonglisteners.Most

childrenwill"obey"spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak,thoughtheword

"obey"ishardlyaccurateasadescriptionoftheeageranddelightedcooperationusuallyshown

bythechildren.Beforetheycanspeak,manychildrenwillalsoaskquestionsbygestureandby

makingquestioningnoises.

Anyattempttostudythedevelopmentfromthenoisesbabiesmaketotheirfirstspoken

wordsleadstoconsiderabledifficulties.ltisagreedthattheyenjoymakingnoises,andthat

duringthefirstfewmonthsoneortwonoisessortthemselvesasparticularlyexpressiveas

delight,pain,friendliness,andsoon.Butsincethesecan'tbesaidtoshowthebaby'sintention

tocommunicate,theycanhardlyberegardedasearlyformsoflanguage.ltisagreed,too,that

fromaboutthreemonthstheyplaywithsoundsforenjoyment,andthatbysixmonthstheyare

abletoaddnewwordstotheirstore.Thisself-imitationleadsontodeliberateimitationof

soundsmadeorwordsspokentothembyotherpeople.Theproblemthenarisesastothepoint

atwhichonecansaythattheseimitationscanbeconsideredasspeech.

Itisaproblemweneedtogetourteethinto.Themeaningofaworddependsonwhata

particularpersonmeansbyitinaparticularsituation；anditisclearthatwhatachildmeansby

awordwillchangeashegainsmoreexperienceoftheworld.Thustheuse,atsevenmonths,

of"mama"asagreetingforhismothercannotbedismissedasameaninglesssoundsimply

becausehealsousesitatanothertimeforhisfatherhisdog,oranythingelsehelikes.Playful

andmeaninglessimitationofwhatotherpeoplesaycontinuesafterthechildhasbegunto

speakforhimselfIdoubt,however,whetheranythingisgainedwhenparentstakeadvantageof

thisabilityinanattempttoteachnewsounds.

（1）Howdomostchildrenbehavebeforelearningthelanguageatanearlyage?

A.Theyaskquestionsbyrepeatingthewords.

B.Theytakeinlanguagethroughdifferentamountsoflistening.

C.Theyunderstandandrespondtoadults*oralinstructions.

D.Theyarceageranddelightedtocooperatewiththeadults.

（2）Childrenwhostartspeakinglate.

A.mayhavedifficultyintheirlistening

B.probablydonothearenoughlanguagespokenaroundthem

C.oftentakealongtimeinlearningtolistenproperly

0.usuallypaycloseattentiontowhattheyhear

（3）Theproblemofdecidingwhenababy'simitationscanbeconsideredasspeechisnot

importantbecause.

A.wordshavedifferentmeaningsfordifferentpeople

B.thech