板块5从句和句式的运用第2讲定语从句教师用书教案

第2讲定语从句[前沿最新动态]题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)InancientChinalivedanartistwhose_paintingswerealmostlifelike.3．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhich/thatopenedin1759.4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswhohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.1.考查定语从句的关系代词；2．考查定语从句中的关系副词。短文改错1.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.what→which2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.what→that3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.where→when4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.which→where或which前加in1.关系代词的缺失；2．关系副词的错用；3．关系代词与关系副词的错用；4．关系代词前介词的缺失。考点一关系代词引导的定语从句[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·哈尔滨调研)Badalingisthemostfamousofthefivesectionswhich/thatliesnearBeijingandcanbeaccessedeasily.2．(2020·四平模拟)Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosewho/thataretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.3．(2020·北戴河联考)Whentravelling,wewillenjoyourselvesandlearnsomethingfromtheexploration，whichattractsmeverymuch.4．(2020·石家庄模拟)AsisoftenthecaseinChina,foreignfirmswillfacebigbarriers.5．(2020·太原三模)AnyonewhoiscaughtprovidingfoodforSanFrancisco'spigeonscouldfaceaheavyfine.6．(2020·济宁联考)Mr.Liuisthepersonwhomyoutalkedwithonthebus.7．(2020·秦皇岛模拟)Childrenwhoarenotactiveorwhosedietishighinfootwillgainweightquickly.Ⅱ.单句改错8．(2020·南充市统考)ThesongIsangwasCountryRoad,thatisaveryfamouspieceofAmericancountrymusic.that→which9．(2020·衡水中学联考)Hearingmystory,theheadteacher,thatwasgivinghislecture,praisedmebeforeallthestudents.that→who_10．(2020·邯郸市模拟)Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown,wherewasverykindofhim.where→which[要点解读]1．关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语、状语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语Sheisnolongerthegirl(that)shewastenyearsago.她已不再是10年前的她了。Ihatetheway(that)shealwayscriticizesme.我讨厌她一贯批评我的方式。Heisadoctor，aswashiswifebeforeshehadchildren.他是医生，他妻子生儿育女之前也是。2．that和which的用法区别只用that的情况先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，all等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词既有人又有物时只用which的情况引导非限制性定语从句时(逗号隔开时)关系代词指物，且前有介词时ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership，whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。3．as和which的区别asas引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系“Youcan'tjudgeabookbyitscover，”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。[易错提醒]as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so或thesame等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。考点二关系副词引导的定语从句[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·吉林省吉大附中模拟)Somepicturesoftheriverbroughtthedaysbacktotheoldpeoplewhentheyswaminit.2．(2020·曲阜师大附中模拟)Wewentthroughaperiodwhencommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.3．(2020·威海模拟)IsthistheschoolwheresomeGermanfriendswentlastweek?Ⅱ.单句改错4．(2020·锦州八县市一中联考)OccasionsarequiterarewhereIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.where→when5．(2020·黄岛区联考)TheSongofChinahassetupastagewhichsomepeoplecanachievetheirdreams.which→where6．(2020·大同模拟)Cheerup!Everyonemayhaveperiodsintheirlivesthateverythingseemstough.that→when[要点解读]关系副词的基本用法关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when时间名词时间状语where地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，case，position，stage等)地点状语whythereason原因状语Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，whentheweathermaybebetter.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？考点三“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·枣庄模拟)MichelCroz,withwhosehelpDaisypassedtheexam,wasoneofthestraightAstudentsoftheschool.2．(2020·淄博张店联考)Thehouse,theroofofwhichwasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.3．(2020·三亚月考)LiLei,forwhomEnglishwasoncedifficult,canspeakEnglishfluentlyasthoughhewereanativespeaker.Ⅱ.单句改错4．(2020·保定模拟)Thelittlegirlisreadingabook，whichtherearemanycartoons.which→where或which前加in[要点解读]1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which、whom，且不能省略。Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheorieswhyhumanbeingscrytears，noneofwhichhasbeenproved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。Manyyoungpeople，mostofwhomwerewell­educated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋ofwhich”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋ofwhom”。Thenewly­builtcafé，thewallsofwhich(＝whosewalls)arepaintedlightgreen，isreallyapeacefulplaceforus，especiallyafterhardwork.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。【技法点拨】在语法填空中：1．首先找准先行词[有的定语从句并不紧跟在先行词后面，见考点二(题组试做)1、4、6题]，分析句子结构，根据从句所缺的成分确定关系词的使用。(1)如果缺少主、宾、表作定语，需用关系代词；如果缺少状语，则用关系副词。(2)确定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词，是reason还是way等