版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
KeytotheExercises
Chapter1Culture,Communication&
InterculturalCommunication
KeystotheExercises
After-ReadingActivities
CaseAnalysis
Case1
1. Philwasunhappytobevisitedwithoutanyappointmentinadvance.InWesterncountries,ifyouwanttocallonsomeone,youshouldcallhim/hertoseewhetherhe/shehastimeornot,orarrangeaspecifictime.Unexpectedvisitmaybeunwelcome.
Case2
1. TheCanadiantookwhatmeantgreatconcerntoChineseasdistrust.
2. AChineseemployeewouldhavebeenmorethanhappyifhisorherbosshadshowedsuchgreatconcernforhimorher.
3. Peopleusuallyhavethetendencytoevaluatebehaviorsfromotherculturesasgoodorbad,tomakejudgmentsbasedontheirownculturalbias.Todecreasesuchatendency,wehadbettertrytorememberthatwecannotjudgesomeonefromanotherculturebyourownculturalvalues,butwehavefirstlytoknowthemandunderstandtheirculturalvalues.
Case3
1. HesupposestheGermanengineerscanunderstandthebodylanguage.
2. No.TheGermans,whenusingfingerstoshowanumber,begincountingwiththethumbasnumberone.Therefore,theindexfinger,beingthesecondfingerfromthethumb,representsnumbertwo.
3. Communicatinginvolvesverbal,non-verbalandlisteningskills.Communicationtheoriststalkaboutspeakingas“encoding”andlisteningas“decoding”.Weallspeakandlisten,encodeanddecode,throughafilterofourownexperiencesandbeliefs.Theencoding-decodingprocesscancausemiscommunication.Whenworkinginaculturalandlinguisticcontextdifferentfromyourown,wheretensionandmistrustmayalreadybefairlyhigh,theencoding-decodingprocesscanbecomeextremelydifficultandthechancesofanangry,explosivereactiongreatlyenhance.
Activities
Task1-4
Openfordiscussion.
Chapter2VerbalCommunication
After-ReadingActivities
CaseAnalysis
Case1
1. ItmostprobablytakesplaceinChina.
2. Ontheonehand,itreflectstheculturalfactorsonpragmaticslevel.Chinesepeopleareproudoftheirhospitalityandbeingmodestaswell.InChina,oneissupposedtoturndowntheinvitationseveraltimesasakindofpolitenesswhenheisinvitedtodinner.Theinviterhastounderstandtherealintentionoftheinviteeandextendstheinvitationstimeandtimeagain.Ontheotherhand,ashighcontextlanguage,Chineseislessexplicitbecausemostmembersknowwhattodoandwhattothinkfromyearsofinteractionwitheachother.Therefore,theinvitercanunderstandthattherefusalfromtheinviteeactuallyisnotarefusalatall.
Case2
InEnglishspeakingcountries,somewordshavetheirconnotativemeanings.Forexample,“fishing”hereintheconversationmeanslookingforbeautifulgirlsinthestreet.Misunderstandingmakesthecommunicationcollapse.
Case3
InmostWesterncountries,peopledon’tliketobetoldwhattodo.Theyenjoyindependence.Incontrast,Chinesepeoplelikeshowingtheircareandconcerntowardsothers.Inthiscase,WangLinwantedtoshowhisconcernbuttheAmericanprofessorwasnotaccustomedtobeingsuggestedwithoutasking.
Case4
Turkeyherereferstoabirdorapersonconsideredineptorundesirable.
Activities
Task1-5
Openfordiscussion.
Chapter3NonverbalCommunication
After-ReadingActivities
CaseAnalysis
Case1
InPuertoRicoculture,itisdisrespectfulforachildtomeettheeyesofanadult.WhileintheUS,failingtomeetotherpeople’seyewhenbeingaccusedwouldbetakenasasignofguiltiness.TakingintonoconsiderationofPuertoRicoculture,itisquitenaturalfortheheadmastertojudgethatthegirlwasguilty.
Case2
Bodydistancevariesfromculturetoculture.Insomecultures,itisquitenormalforpeopletostandclosetogether,whileAmericanstalkaboutinvasionoftheirspace.ArabstendtomaintainacloserphysicaldistancebetweenindividualsthanAmericans.
Case3
ItmaybedifficultfortheWesternerstobelievethatsmilingfortheChinesenotonlymeansthatsomeoneishappy,butalsothatheissorry.ItisdesirableforaChinesetoapologizewithasmile,whichindicatehumblenessandembarrassment.InsteadofthinkingthatJunChenwasreallysorryforthemistake,Petermightactuallytakethesmileassmirking,asignofdisrespect.AWesternerinJunChen’ssituationwouldprobablykeephiseyeslowered,especiallyduringthetimehewasapologizing.AWesternerwouldexpecttheemployeetolookhimintheeyeanddefinitelynottosmile.Themistakenperceptionofasmilemadeanawkwardsituationworse.
Activities
Task1-4
Openfordiscussion.
Chapter4CulturalValues
After-ReadingActivities
CaseAnalysis
Case1
1. OnereasonJosedidnotacceptJim’sdollarwasthatinhiscultureitisveryimportanttobegenerous.Generosityandrespectforothers’generosityaretwovaluesthatexplainmanyHispanicandMiddleEasterncustomsandattitudes.ThatiswhyJim’srefusaltoacceptJose’sgenerositymadeJosequestiontheirfriendship.OnereasonLatinosdonottrytoreturnsmallamountsofmoneyisthatonedoesnotwanttosuggestthattheotherpersonisstingy.ToaLatino,Jim’sinsistenceonreturningthedollarmightmeanthatJimthoughtJosewasstingyandhadtohavehisdollarback.
2. Americansseeitalldifferently.Jimfeltthatitwouldberudeifhedidnottryreturningthedollarassoonaspossible.Americansvalueself-relianceverymuch.InAmericanculture,owingtoomuchfavorssuggestsbeingdependent,whichisaweaknessintheireyes.
3. Americansfeelstronglyaboutpayingtheirownway.Toletsomeoneelsepayforthemis“totakeadvantage”,whichismorallywrong.
Case2
1. Thefarmerexplainedtohissonthatonecouldneveratanytimeinanywaymakeotherpeoplefeelinferior,evenunintentionallyandoutofgoodwill.
2. Whataccountsforthefarmer’sbehavioristhathebelievedinindividualism,independence,self-reliance,self-esteem,andegalitarianism,themajorvaluesintheUS.
Case3
Inlowpowerdistancecultures,powerandauthoritydonotinfluencetherightsoftheindividual.Equalityratherthanauthorityisvaluedandinequalityinsocietyshouldbeminimized.Therelationshipsbetweenpeoplearelinearandformalitiesareveryoftenconsideredunnecessary.Peoplevalueindividualabilityandcredit,andemphasizeequalityofrights.In“highpowerdistance”countries,suchasChina,Japan,peopleemphasizethestatus,experience,age,qualifications,andexistingdifferencesbetweenpeople.Inhighpowerdistancecultures,authorityandpowerplayanimportantroleinsociallife,andinequalityamongpeoplewithdifferentpowersisnotquestioned.SointheyoungCanadian’sopinion,inthecompanyheandthewomanareequalpartners,andthereisnodifferenceinposition,sohehastheabilitytoparticipateinprojectanddothereport.AndintheChinesewoman’sview,theydifferfromeachotherintermsoftheirages,qualifications,andcontributions.Goingtodoaveryimportanttaskwithaninferioryoungmanmakesherloseface.
Activities
Task1
(1)Value:family;loyalty Origin:Scotland
(2)Value:theindividual Origin:England
(3)Value:self-help Origin:Greece
(4)Value:efficiency Origin:theUS
(5)Value:groupoverindividual Origin:Asia
Task2-3
Openfordiscussion.
Chapter5CultureShockin
InterculturalCommunication
After-ReadingActivities
CaseAnalysis
Case1
RefillingwaterisoneofthetraditionalChinesewaystotreattheguest.However,itisalsoanobligationfortheBritishpeopletofinishtheteainthecuptoshowhis/herappreciationandpolitenesstothehost.Leavingsometeainthecupisasignofdiscontentandimpoliteness.Actually,theyoungmanfeltstressedandveryembarrassedbecausethehostesskeptaddingwaterintohisteacupassoonashefinished.
Case2
TheAmericanchildhadbeennurturedtobeindependent,todowhateverhecouldbyhimself,eversincehewasborn.Hewassimplybroughtupthatway.TheChinesehousemaid,ontheotherhand,firstandforemostwantedtomakesurethatthechilddidnotgethurt.TheChinesewomanfeltthatitwasherresponsibilitytotakegoodcareofthechildandtheAmericanboyfeltuncomfortableaboutbeingover-protected.
Case3
1. Peopleindifferentcultureshavedifferentlifestylesandconcepts.Inthiscase,Mr.SmiththinksthatMr.Liintrudeshisprivacy,andfeelsoffended,sohegetsangrywithhim.
2. PeoplefromWesterncountriesemphasizeprivacy,anddonotallowotherstointrudetheirprivateroom,whileChinesepeopledon’tthinkthesameway.Chinesepeoplefeelitisnormaltowatchwhatotherpeoplearebusydoing.Inthiscase,Mr.Liwalksaroundthecompanywithoutpermission,whichintheeyesofWesterners,isabadbehaviorandmakesthemfeelangry.
Case4
“鄙人”and“拙作”arejustsomeformulaicpoliteexpressionscommoninChina.AlmostallChinesepeopleknowthisisjustawaytoshowmodesty.However,Westernersexpressthemselvesratherdirectly.TheycouldnotunderstandChineseover-modesty,fortheytendtocomprehendwhattheyhearliterally,andaclashwasinevitable.
Activities
Task1-3
Openfordiscussion.
Chapter6BusinessEtiquette&
SocialCustoms
After-ReadingActivities
CaseAnalysis
Case1
Chineseperspective:
AmericansoftenstrikeChineseasinformallydressed,unlesstheygotobusinessmeetingsandimportantfunctions.Havingseentheprofessorincasualclothesduringfieldwork,theadministratorhadbecomeusedtothewayhedressed.Chinesepeopledodressformallyiftheyweremeetingthemayor.However,foreignerswouldeasilybeexcusedbecausetheyarefromadifferentculture.Especiallywhenthemeetingwasunplannedandtheforeignerwascaughtbysurprise.
Americanperspective:
JustasthelocaladministratorhasbecomefamiliarwithseeingProfessorSmithinshorts,ProfessorSmithhasbecomeusedtothemoreformalstyleofdressingofhisChinesecolleagues.EvenifhewereinNorthAmerica,ProfessorSmithwouldnotwanttomeetanyimportantofficialdressedinshorts.Sobothrespectforthecultureheisworkinginaswellashisownstandardcausehimtofeelveryuncomfortablemeetingthemayordressedthewayheis.Asaprofessionalhewantstoact,dressandbeperceivedasaprofessional.
Case2
Ifyouhavebeeninvitedtoacocktailparty,keepinmindthefactthatthewholepurposebehinditistogiveyouachancetominglewithnewpeople,makeorsolidifyyourconnections.So,makesurethatyoudonotendupsittinginacornernursingadrink.Speaktopeopleandevenallowthemtointroduceyoutootherpeople.Donotforgettosay“thankyou”tothehostandhostessbeforeleavingthepartyandevenbidfarewelltootherguests.
Activities
Task1
1. Since“Ms.”isusedwitheithermarriedorunmarriedwomen,itcanbeusedsafelywithboth.Youcanaskthewomanwhatshepreferstobecalled.
2. Yes.Byavoidingusingtheperson’sname,youavoidusingaspecialformofaddresssuchasMs.,Mrs.,orMiss.Itisnotalwaysnecessarytouseaperson’snamewhenspeakingtothatperson.
3. No.Thisisnotalwaysanaccuratewayoffindingoutwhetherawomanismarried.Shemaywearingaringonherlefthandandnotbemarried,andviceversa.Evenifthewomanismarried,shemayprefertobecalledMs.
Task2
1. No.Iftheotherpersonwantstoshakehandswithyou,thiswouldberude.
2. Yes.Iftheotherpersonextendshisorherhand,thenshakeitimmediately.Ifheorshedoesnot,thenthereisnoneedtoshakehands.
3. Yes.Itisnotconsideredwrongtoshakehandsinintroductions.Somewomen,particularlyolderones,maynotbeaccustomedtoshakinghandsinanintroduction.Most,however,willshakehandsifyouextendyourhandfirst.
Task3-4
Openfordiscussion.
Task5
Peoplearefromdifferentcountries,soyou’dbetterprovidebuffetdinnerandallkindsoflocalfoodtosatisfyeveryone.Ifutilizingasetmenu,besuretoincludevegetariandishesasanoption.
Chapter7Intercultural
BusinessNegotiation
After-ReadingActivities
CaseAnalysis
Case1
Theconceptof“savingface”and“losingface”originatesfromChina.Certainbehaviorsoractionsaredoneinanefforttosavefaceortoavoidlosingface.TheAmericanmanagerisquitefamiliarwiththefaceissueinChina.ForbeingpoliteandavoidingcausingtheChinesecounterparttoloseface,hedidn’texplainthemistakedirectly.SowhendoingbusinesswiththeChinese,bepreparedtomaketheChineselookgood.Chinesecultureisallaboutreciprocalfavors,andifyoumakethemlookgood,youwilldoanenormousservicetoyourself.
Case2
TheJapanesearegrouporiented.Thisstrategyassumesthattheactiontakenisconservativeandwellplannedandthatalloptionswereconsideredinthedecision.Aswouldbeexpected,thecollectiveJapanesehavebeenobservedbymanytoattachgreatimportancetodevelopingorpursuingsocialrelationshipgoals.Thisimportance,inturn,isareflectionoftheimportanceofinterpersonalrelationsintheJapaneseculture.TheAmericanculturestandsinmarkedcontrastwiththeJapanese.Itisindividualistic,notcollectivistic;thetemporalfocusistheimmediateshorttermandnotthelongerterm;interpersonalrelationshipshaveclearanddefiniteboundaries.Asaresult,thetwosidesinthecaseviewthemeetingdifferently.
Case3
Fromthecase,wemayconcludethattwonationswithcontrastedculturalperceptionscancooperatetocreatewin-winnegotiationagreements.Cooperationaimstoreconciletheinterestsofbothparties,reachjointbenefits,orattain“win-win”goals.Thepartiesworktogethertofindsolutionsthatarebeneficialtoboth.Ithelpsoneobtainwhatoneisentitledtoandstillbedecentandenablesonetobefairwhileprotectingoneselfagainstthosewhowouldtakeadvantageofone’sfairness.Theproblem-solvingstrategyisconsideredhavingapositiveinfluenceonboththeseller’sprofitandthebuyer’ssatisfaction.Thusthekeytoeffectivenegotiatingistocreateawin-winalternativefromwhicheachpartywillbenefit.
Activities
Task1-4
Openfordiscussion.
Chapter8InterculturalMarketing
After-ReadingActivities
CaseAnalysis
Case1
InChina,humanimagesusedinadvertising,tosomeextent,areexpressionsoftheentirecivilizationandnationalcharacter.ItisreportedthathumanimagesinChina’sadvertisingaredividedintotwogroups.Oneiselder,authoritativemalefigures,theotherisyounger,goodlookingfemaleimages.Besides,famousmoviestars,popsingers,athletesandheroesarehumanimagesfrequentlyemployedbyadvertisers.Theybelievethatbycombiningthefeaturesoffamousstarsandheroeswiththeproducts,theproductsareendowedwiththecharacteristicsofthestarsandheroes.
Case2
Inthe1970sthemajorityoftheconsumersinHongKongwerethoseborninthe’40sor’50sandbroughtupwithtraditionalChineseconvention.Theydidn’tlikefingerlickingattableasitwasregardedasindecentmanners.Ontheotherhand,asmostofthemwerenotverygoodatEnglishsothebrandofFinger-Lickingcouldnotmakeanysenseof“fingerlickinggood”(美味)onthem.Nowondertheywouldfrownatthefoodthatwaslikelytodevelopbadtablemanners.Inthe1990s,thoseborninthe’60sor’70stookupagreatpartoftheconsumersandastheywereprovidedmoreEnglishintheirpreviouseducationbackgroundtheyrela
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- Starter Unit 1 Hello Section A教学设计-2024-2025学年人教版英语七年级上册
- 安徽省长丰县高中数学 3.2 复数代数形式的四则运算 3.2.1 复数的代数形式的加减运算教案 新人教A版选修1-2
- 8 大家的“朋友”(教学设计)部编版道德与法治三年级下册
- 巧用借“1”法(教学设计)-2024-2025学年西师大版数学六年级上册
- 小学六年级课后服务:scratch少儿编程 四阶第2课:四合一游戏机(下)
- 10《爬山虎的脚》(教学设计)2024-2025学年统编版语文四年级上册
- 蛋品加工厂绩效和薪酬管理优化方案
- Unit 1 When was he born 教学设计 2023-2024学年英语鲁教版(五四学制)八年级下册
- Unit 1 My Family 第一课时(教学设计)-2024-2025学年人教新起点版英语二年级上册
- 七 解决问题的策略(教学设计)-2023-2024学年五年级上册数学苏教版
- 餐具消毒各项管理制度
- 2023年交通安全培训
- 例谈数学项目学习开发路径与实践-以“量身定做的全身镜”为例
- 养生足浴店管理制度
- 汽油安全技术说明书(MSDS)
- 静脉血栓栓塞症(vte)防治管理方案
- JGT336-2011 混凝土结构修复用聚合物水泥砂浆
- 《中国的气候-第一课时》课件
- 员工能力评价表(全套)
- (新插图)人教版五年级上册数学 5-2-7 实际问题与方程 用形如ax± b=c的方程解决问题 知识点梳理课件
- 医学课件:糖尿病(英文版)完整版
评论
0/150
提交评论