动词不定式被动

动词不定式被动语态1一、语态(RevisethePassiveVoice)主动语态（theactivevoice）被动语态（thepassivevoice）主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Everyoneenjoysexcitingsports.Excitingsportsareenjoyedbyeveryone.(主动语态)(被动语态)2Musicisbeingtaught(byMissLi)now.转换规则：用公式表示为:(主动)S+V+O

S(O)+V(be+V-ed)+by+O(S),

如：MissLiisteachingmusicnow.

3一般进行完成现在am/is/aregiven过去was/weregiven将来shall/willbegiven时式二、常见被动语态时态变化一览表am/is/arebeing

givenhas/havebeengivenwas/werebeing

givenhadbeen

givenshall/willhavebeen

given4

思考：动词在句子中一般做什么成分？

谓语非谓语动词todov-ingv-ed5

语态时态

一般式完成式进行式完成进行式不定式的时态和语态

to

do

tobedone

to

be

doing

to

have

done

to

have

been

done

tohavebeendoing--------------------主动语态被动语态(not)(not)6动词不定式主动/被动区别当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态。1.Ihavealotofworktodo.2.SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.71.Hearingthegoodnews,hewastooexcited____________(speak).2.Whathehopedwas______________(admit)

intotheuniversity3.__________(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.4.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____________(receive)intimeforChristmas.tospeaktobeadmittedTosavetobereceived8动词不定式的被动语态1.动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：

1）一般式

（not/never）tobedone

2）完成式

（not/never）tohavebeendone

（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）9不定式被动式的用法:不定式的一般被动式表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,又表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生;不定式的完成被动式表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者，又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。10Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Iknewhimtohavebeencaughtby

thepolice.111.

Ihavesomedishes（餐具）______________(wash)inthekitchen.

Sentencemakingwashtobewashed

Practicemakesperfect!

【考点】

tobedone2.Thehouseis__________(sell).tobesoldsell2124receive4.Ihopethemail________________(receive)at4pm.tobe3.Thesingerrefused____________________(photograph).photographedphotographreceivedtobe135.Hehadtoshout____________(hear).5heartobeheard6.Itisunlucky___________(see)bysuchabiganimal.tobeseensee614tobedone可以在句中作什么成分？1.

Ihavesomedishestobewashedinthekitchen.2.Thehouseistobesold.3.Thesingerrefusedtobephotographed

4.Iexpectthemailtobereceivedquickly.5.Hehadtoshouttobeheard.6.Itisunluckytobeseenbysuchabiganimal.tobedone同样可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、（后置）定语、宾补和状语。定表宾宾补状主15注意做主语（常用it做形式主语）Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.16不定式的主动形式表示被动1．在therebe结构中。例如：

Thereisalotofhomeworktodo．(也可用tobedone)

Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).

172．在“n／pron+be+adj+todo”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。例如：

Heishardtogetalongwith.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．

183.在“too—todo;enough…to…”结构中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.194．在“with+n+todo”结构中。例如：

Withnothingtodo，helayinbed．

Withsomanyexercisestodo，Ican‘tgotothecinema．205.不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名

词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,

Hehasnothingtoeat.

分析：eat动→nothing宾/he主→eat谓

Iwillgiveyouabooktoread.

分析：____动→_____宾/____主→____谓

这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。readabookyoureadTheelegantladyhadsomethingtodeclare.21注意如果动词不定式作后置定语时，不定式和所修饰的词构成动宾关系，但其逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，则使用动词不定式的被动形式。Ihavesomedishestowashinthekitchen.Ihavesomedishestobewashedinthekitchen.226．当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中时。例如：

Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．

237．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，

hire，blame等。例如：

Thehouseistolet．

Ifeltlwastoblame.248.动词不定式与疑问代词连用时用主动形式表示被动意义。Ihaveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhattoexpectinmynewjob.25NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。

Ihavethreemotors

torepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.26

1.LittleTomshouldlove____tothetheaterthisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking2.Heexpected___bytheteachertoanswerit,forheknewlittleaboutit.A.tobeaskedB.nottobeaskedC.betoaskedD.nottoaskExercise

BA271.PreparationsarebeingmadefortheOlympicGames____inLondonin2012.A.tobeheldB.heldC.holdingD.tohold2.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone

不定式的综合练习题(注意时态、语态）AB283.Ihappenedto______nexttohimwhenhecollapsed(倒下).A.bestoodB.standC.havestoodD.bestanding4.10.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_________inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbedDB29用所给词的正确形式填空1.Allendoesn’tthinkherEnglishisgoodenoughtoworkabroad,anditneeds__________________________(improve).2.Allofuscomehere__________(learn)knowledge.3.MrSmithwarnedhisdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking4.Thisproblemissaidt