2024年高考《英语》二轮复习模拟测试（新高考九省专用卷）全析全解

第第页2024年高考英语二轮复习测试（新高考九省专用卷）（一）英语（全析全解）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的考生号、姓名、考点学校、考场号及座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1．Whatisthechairmadeof?A．Wood. B．Metal. C．Plastic.【答案】C【原文】W:Thischairisunusual.Canyouguesswhatmaterialitismadeof?M:Possiblyalightmetal.W:No,anewkindofplastic.2．Whatdoesthemanthinkofthefoodintherestaurant?A．Boring. B．Special. C．Great.【答案】A【原文】W:Howwasyourfirstdayhereintherestaurant?M:Great.I’veenjoyedit.Butthefoodweserveseemsabitboring.W:Whatfooddoyouthinkpeopleliketoeat?M:Well,Icantryoneofmyspecialmealsifyoulike.3．Wheredoesthemancomefrom?A．NewYork. B．Washington. C．LosAngeles.【答案】B【原文】W:Whereareyoufrom,Karl?NewYorkorLosAngeles?M:Ijusttoldyouyesterday,I’mfromWashington,acityclosetoNewYork.4．WhatisthenextTVprogram?A．Thenews. B．Aquizshow. C．Adocumentaryaboutanimals.【答案】C【原文】M:Doyouknowwhat’sonafterthenews?Isitaquizshow?W:No,it’sadocumentaryaboutanimals.M:Oh,Iliketowatchprogramsaboutanimals.5．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inalibrary. B．Inabookstore. C．Atacoffeeshop.【答案】A【原文】W:I’dliketocheckoutthesefourbooks,please.Bytheway,isthereanicecoffeeshoparoundhere?M:Yes,there’sonerightdownthestreet.Well,I’dliketoremindyouthatyourbooksaredueintwoweeksandpleasereturnthemintime.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatarethespeakersdoing?A．Cooking. B．Working. C．Eating.7．Whatwasputontheman’sfinger?A．Cream. B．Bandage. C．Ice.【答案】6．A7．C【原文】W:Well,thesalad’salmostready.How’sthebeefgoing?I’mstarving.M:SoamI.Thebeeflooksjustaboutready.Justoneminute.Wow!W:What’sthematter?M:Oh!Myfinger!Ihaveburnedmyfinger!W:That’sterrible!I’llgetsomeiceandputitonyourfinger.M:OK!W:There!M:Ah...ah...muchbetter.Theicereallyworks.W:Howdoesitfeel?M:Oh!Ifeelwellnow!Thanks!Let’seat.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Whodoesthebookbelongto?A．David. B．Mary. C．Nancy.9．Whatcanbeknownaboutthebook?A．Itsellsverywell.B．Itcanbefoundinafewbookstores.C．Thebookisaimedatstudents.10．Whatwillthewomandonext?A．Lookforthebookinabookstore.B．GiveMaryacall.C．Bringthebookrightnow.【答案】8．B9．A10．B【原文】W:Whatareyoureading,David?M:TheHeroTwoDoorsDown.Ireallyloveit.W:DoyouthinkIcouldborrowitwhenyou’vefinishedwithit?I’vebeenlookingalloverforacopy,butapparently,it’ssoldoutatallthebookstores.M:Oh,yeah.It’sbeensellingreallywell.Butthiscopyisn’tmine.ItbelongstoMary.W:Whendoyouthinkyou’llfinishreadingit?M:Tomorrow,Ithink.W:So,I’llcallMaryandseewhatshesays.M:OK,Nancy.LetmeknowifshesaysyessothatIcangiveittoyouassoonasI’mdone.听第8段材料,回答第11至14题。11．Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheskiplace?A．Thesnowisnotgood. B．It’sverycrowded. C．She’sbeentotheplacetwice.12．Whatdidthestupidskierdotothewoman?A．Hetookapictureofher. B．Hestolehernewgloves. C．Hedroveherintoatree.13．Howcanthewomanrecognizethestupidskier?A．Byhisclothing. B．Byhiscrazylaugh. C．Byhishairandeyes.14．Whatistheendofthestory?A．Thespeakersfindtheybothlikejazz.B．Themanseemstobethestupidskier.C．Themanwillteachthewomantoski.【答案】11．B12．C13．A14．B【原文】M:Whew!It’sprettycoldtoday.Miss,doyouoftenskihere?W:No,thisismyfirsttime.Actually,thisismyfirsttimeskiingever.M:Howdoyoulikeitsofar?W:Thesnowisgreat,butit’stoocrowded.Youknow,twopeoplecrashedintomeonmyfirstrun,andsomestupidskierwasgoingtoofastanddrovemeintoatree.Icrashedandlostmygloves.M:Wow,didtheskierstopandapologize?W:No,hejustlaughedatme.Humph!YoujustwaituntilIfindthatguy.M:Uh,whatareyougoingtodotohim?W:First,I’mgoingtobreakhisskis.AndthenIwilltakeapictureofhimandpostitonFacebook.M:Buthowareyougoingtoidentifyhim?W:Oh,that’seasy.Hewaswearingbrightredbootsandapurplehat,um…justlikeyours.M:Wait,wait!Whatdoyoumean?Whyareyoulookingatme?Youdon’tthinkitwasme,doyou?Um...doyoulikejazzmusic?听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15．Wherearethetwospeakers?A．Inacar. B．Inatrain. C．Inabus.16．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Atraveltoanewcity. B．Alightrailtrain. C．Atrafficaccident.17．Whooperatesthetrain?A．Theman. B．Thetrainitself. C．Operators.【答案】15．A16．B17．C【原文】W:Lookout!M:Don’tworry.That’sanewlightrailtrain.Thenewlightrailsystemsharestheroadwithstreettraffic.W:Forasecond,Ithoughtourcarwasgoingtorunintoit.M:Didn’tyouseetheoperatorseatedatthefrontofthetrain?Shewatchesoutforotherdrivers.W:Ididn’tknowthetrainhaveoperators.Ithoughttheywereautomatic.M:No.They’renotlikesomeformsofrapidtransit.W:Iseethatthetrainsrideontracksandarepoweredbyoverheadelectriclines.M:That’sright.W:I’dliketohaveatryonthelightrailtrain.M:OK,I’lltakeyoutotheneareststop.There’stheplatformoverthere.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。18．Howoldisthespeakernow?A．12yearsold. B．15yearsold. C．17yearsold.19．WhatdidLisasaywhenshewasinvitedtoamovie?A．Shehadtostudy.B．Shehadwatchedthemovie.C．Shehadtoseeanotherfriend.20．WhatdoweknowaboutthewomanandLisanow?A．Theyhardlyseeeachother.B．Theyremaintobegoodfriends.C．Theyhavefewerfriends.【答案】18．C19．A20．B【原文】Lisaismybestfriend.ShemovedtoChicagofromLondonwithherfamilyataveryyoungage.Wefirstmetwhenwewerebothjustfiveyearsold.Herfamilylivednexttomine,andwebecamefriendsassoonaswekneweachother.Wewenttothesamekindergartenandalwaysplayedtogether.Nowtwelveyearshaspassed.Wehavebeenfriendsalltheseyearsandwearestillneighbors.However,atthebeginningofthisyearIfoundthatLisadidn’thangoutwithmeasmuchasbefore.WhenIaskedhertohangoutwithme,shesaidshewasbusy.Oneday,Iaskedhertogotoamoviewithme,butshesaidshebadtostudyforanexamathome.However,laterthatday,Isawherwalkingonthestreetwithanothergirl.Ibecameangry,ranuptoherandaskedherwhysheliedtome.Thatnight,Lisaapologized.Shesaidshewantedtomakemorefriends.Shedidn’ttellmethetruthbecauseshewasafraidshe’dbreakmyheart.Afterknowingthereason,Itoldheritwasalright.Everyoneneedsnewfriends.Ihavealsomadesomenewfriends.NowLisaandIarestillgoodfriends.Butwebothhavemorefriendsthanbefore.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALeafygreensareagreatwaytoimproveyourhealthastheypossessmanyvitalnutrients,vitamins,mineralsandantioxidants.Theyarealsolowincalories,makingthemagoodchoiceforthosewhowanttomanagetheirweight.Thefollowingsaladleavesinyourdietarehighlyrecommendedbynutritionists.SpinachSpinachiseasytogetallyearround.Itisagoodsourceofantioxidants,whichcanreducetheriskofmanydiseases,includingheartdiseaseandcertaincancers.It’sbesteatenuncooked,aspartofasalad,ascookingtendstodestroythenaturallyoccurringnutrientsintheleaves.CollardgreensCollardgreensareagoodsourceoflutein,whichisimportantforeyehealth.TheyarefullofvitaminsAandCandmineralssuchascalcium,iron,zinc,copperandselenium,andareagoodsourceoffibre.Aswithspinach,youcangetthemallyearround.RocketIfyou’reinthemoodforaleafygreenwithafresh,slightlybitterandpepperytaste,consideraddingrockettoyourplate.Rocketispackedwithnitrates—whichstudieshaveshowncanboostperformanceinsports.RocketisalsorichinvitaminsKandC,andcalciumandpolyphenols.RomainelettuceRomainelettuceisagoodsourceofvitaminsandminerals,includingvitaminsA,K,Candfolate.Thesenutrientsareessentialformaintainingoverallhealthandsupportingahealthyimmunesystem.Romaineisasourceoffibretoo,whichisknowntoreduceyourriskofheartdisease,stroke,type2diabetesandbowelcancer.21．Whyaretheleafygreensagoodoptionforpeopletryingtocontroltheirweight?A．Theyarefullofnutrients. B．Theyareaffordableandtasty.C．Theycontainveryfewcalories. D．Theyarerecommendedbynutritionists.22．Whichfoodmaybebeneficialtoeyes?A．Spinach. B．Collardgreens. C．Rocket. D．Romainelettuce.23．Whatdospinachandromainelettucehaveincommon?A．Theymustbecooked. B．Theyareavailableallyearround.C．Theycanboostperformanceinsports. D．Theymaylessenthepossibilityofheartdisease.【答案】21．C22．B23．D【解析】本文是应用文。绿叶蔬菜是改善健康的好方法，因为它们含有许多重要的营养素、维生素、矿物质和抗氧化剂。它们的热量也很低，对于那些想要控制体重的人来说是一个不错的选择。文章主要介绍了营养师推荐的几种绿叶蔬菜。21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theyarealsolowincalories,makingthemagoodchoiceforthosewhowanttomanagetheirweight.(它们的热量也很低，对于那些想要控制体重的人来说是一个不错的选择。)”可知，绿叶蔬菜对于想要控制体重的人来说是一个不错的选择是因为它们含有很少的卡路里。故选C。22．细节理解题。根据Collardgreens部分中的“Collardgreensareagoodsourceoflutein,whichisimportantforeyehealth.(羽衣甘蓝是叶黄素的良好来源，叶黄素对眼睛健康很重要。)”可知，Collardgreens(羽衣甘蓝)对眼睛有好处，故选B。23．细节理解题。根据Spinach部分中的“Itisagoodsourceofantioxidants,whichcanreducetheriskofmanydiseases,includingheartdiseaseandcertaincancers.(它是抗氧化剂的良好来源，可以降低许多疾病的风险，包括心脏病和某些癌症。)”和Romainelettuce部分中的“Romaineisasourceoffibretoo,whichisknowntoreduceyourriskofheartdisease,stroke,type2diabetesandbowelcancer.(罗马生菜也是纤维的来源，众所周知，它可以降低患心脏病、中风、2型糖尿病和肠癌的风险。)”可知，菠菜和罗马生菜的共同点是它们可能会降低患心脏病的可能性。故选D。BMostanimalsareactivearoundpeople,whichmakesobservingtheminthewildachallengingeffortforresearchers.Theissueisworsenedwithnaturallyshycreatureslikeemperorpenguins(企鹅),whoshowsignsofphysicalsorrowinfrontofhumans.TheFrenchscientistLeMahoandhisteambeganaprojecttotestifsendingtinyrobotstocollecttherequiredinformationwouldaffectthepenguinsasharmfully.Theybeganbyfitting34emperorpenguinswithoutsideheartratemonitors,whichcouldbereadfromadistanceof60centimeters.Theythensentasimple,fourwheeledrobotintoaplaceofhatchingpenguinsthatwerestationarybecausetheywereusingtheirlegstoprotecteggs.Thoughthepenguinswerealittlealarmedandevencried,theydidallowtherobottoreadtheirheartmonitors.Evenmoreencouragingwasthefactthatassoonastherobotstoppedmoving,thepenguins'heartratesreturnedtonormal,muchmorerapidlythanwhenhumansenteredtheplace.However,fortheextremelyshyemperorpenguinsitwasstilltoodisturbing.Aftersomediscussions,theirfirstattemptfailedterribly.Fortunately,thescientistsdecidedtotrytocovertherobotasapenguinchickforLeMaho'steam,aBritishproductioncompanyworkingonanewsfilm,anditwasalsotryinggettingintothepenguinplaceusingsecretcameras.Thetwoworkedtogethertocreatealovelychickrobotthattheemperorpenguinsimmediatelyconsideredasoneoftheirown.Coveredinsoftfuzz(绒毛)justlikearealbabyemperorpenguin,itissobelievablethatthechicksgatheraroundit,justastheydowitheachother.Thepenguinsnotonlyaccepttherobot,buttheyevensingtoit,andappearalittledisappointedwhenthe“chick”doesn'trespond—anerrorthescientistsplantocorrectwiththenextgroupofrobotpenguins.Notsurprisingly,thepenguinsshowalmostnostressasthelovely“spy”walksaroundtheplace,gatheringallkindsofinformationabouttheirday-to-daylives.24．Oncehumansapproachemperorpenguins,theytendto.A．showtheirshyness B．feeldisturbedandsadC．takeactionmoreactively D．diveintothesearightaway25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stationary”inparagraph2mean?A．Still. B．Strong. C．Hungry. D．Dynamic.26．Whatistheadvantageofthechickrobotcomparedwiththefourwheeledrobot?A．Ithastwocreativeworkingteams.B．Ithasmadelesserrorsingatheringinformation.C．Itismorebelievabletogetclosetotherealpenguins.D．Itismorecapableofcommunicatingwiththerealpenguins.27．Whatwillthescientistsdowiththenextgroupofrobotpenguins?A．Fixnewheartmonitorstogetaccurateheartrates.B．Developtheiraudiosystemandgetthemtosing.C．Changetheirlooksandmakethemlookmorelovely.D．Improvethetechniquetorestoretheircommunicativefunction.【答案】24．B25．A26．C27．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家利用“小鸡”机器人来收集帝企鹅的信息，以免这种企鹅在人类接近的时候感到不安和悲伤。24．细节理解题。根据第一段“Theissueisworsenedwithnaturallyshycreatureslikeemperorpenguins(企鹅),whoshowsignsofphysicalsorrowinfrontofhumans.(这个问题在像帝企鹅这样天生害羞的动物身上更加严重，它们在人类面前表现出身体上的悲伤)”以及第四段“However,fortheextremelyshyemperorpenguinsitwasstilltoodisturbing.(然而，对于极度害羞的帝企鹅来说，这仍然太令人不安了)”可知，一旦人类接近帝企鹅，它们往往会感到不安和悲伤。故选B。25．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“becausetheywereusingtheirlegstoprotecteggs”可知，企鹅要用腿保护蛋，所以它们是静止的。故划线词意思是“静止的”。故选A。26．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Coveredinsoftfuzz(绒毛)justlikearealbabyemperorpenguin,itissobelievablethatthechicksgatheraroundit,justastheydowitheachother.Thepenguinsnotonlyaccepttherobot,buttheyevensingtoit,andappearalittledisappointedwhenthe“chick”doesn'trespond—anerrorthescientistsplantocorrectwiththenextgroupofrobotpenguins.(它被柔软的绒毛覆盖着，就像一只真正的小帝企鹅，它是如此可信，以至于小企鹅们聚集在它周围，就像它们彼此之间一样。企鹅们不仅接受了机器人，甚至还对着它唱歌，当“小鸡”没有回应时，它们显得有点失望——科学家们计划用下一组机器人企鹅来纠正这个错误)”可知，小鸡机器人与四轮机器人相比优势在于接近真实的企鹅，企鹅更容易相信。故选C。27．推理判断题。根据“Coveredinsoftfuzz(绒毛)justlikearealbabyemperorpenguin,itissobelievablethatthechicksgatheraroundit,justastheydowitheachother.(它被柔软的绒毛覆盖着，就像一只真正的小帝企鹅，它是如此可信，以至于小企鹅们聚集在它周围，就像它们彼此之间一样)”可推知，小鸡机器人因为有绒毛覆盖，所以被帝企鹅接受了，故推测科学家将要改变下一批机器企鹅的外表，让他们看起来更可爱。故选C。CIsfutureyou?Itmightseemlikeastrangephilosophicalquestion.Buttheanswertohowyouthinkaboutyourfutureselfcouldmakethedifferencebetweendecisionsyouultimatelyfindsatisfyingandonesyoumighteventuallyregret.ThebrainpatternsthatemergeonanMRI(核磁共振成像)whenpeoplethinkabouttheirfutureselvesmostlikethebrainpatternsthatarisewhentheythinkaboutstrangers.Thisfindingsuggeststhat,inthemind’seye,ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.Ifyouseefutureyouasadifferentperson,whyshouldyousavemoney,eathealthierorexercisemoreregularlytobenefitthatstranger?However,ifyouseetheinterestsofyourdistantselfasmorelikethoseofyourpresentself,youareconsiderablymorelikelytodothingstodaythatbenefityoutomorrow.ApaperinthejournalPLoSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwell-being.InaprojectledbyJosephReiff,whichincludes5,000adultsaged20to75,hefoundthatthosewhoperceivedagreatoverlap(重叠)inqualitiesbetweentheircurrentandfutureselvesendedupbeingmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives10yearsafterfillingouttheinitialsurvey.

Sohowcanwebetterbefriendourfutureselvesandfeelmoreconnectedtotheirfates?Thepsychologicalmindsetwithwhatwecall”vividnessinterventions“works.Wehavefound,forinstance,thatshowingpeopleimagesoftheirolder,grayerselvesincreasesintentionstosaveforthelongterm.Besides,youmighttrywritingaletterto-andthenfrom-yourfutureself.AsdemonstratedbyYutaChishimaandAnneWilsonintheir2020studyinthejournalSelfandIdentity,whenhigh-schoolstudentsengagedinthistypeof”send-and-reply“exercise,theyexperiencedelevated(升高的)levelsoffeelingsofsimilaritywiththeirfutureselves.Letter-writingandvisualizationexercisesarejustacoupleofwayswecanconnectwithourfutureselvesandbeyond,butthelargerlessonhereisclear:Ifwecantreatourdistantselvesasiftheyarepeoplewelove,careaboutandwanttosupport,wecanstartmakingchoicesforthemthatimproveourlives-bothtodayandtomorrow.28．What’sthefunctionofparagraph2?A．Generatingfurtherdiscussion. B．Introducingaresearchresult.C．Showingtheeffectofthefinding. D．Concludingvariousviewpoints.29．Howdoestheauthorprovehisstatements?A．Byofferingrelevantstatistics. B．Byusingquotations.C．Byreferringtopreviousfindings. D．Bymakingcomparisons.30．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Benefitsofbefriendingourfutureselves.B．Waysofconnectingwithourfutureselves.C．Methodsofchangingpsychologicalmindsets.D．Possibilitiesofusbecomingourfutureselves.31．Whatdoesthearticlewanttotellus?A．Makingfutureplansmakesadifference.B．Ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.C．Gettingtoknowyourfutureselfbenefits.D．Yourchoiceaffectsthefatesofstrangers.【答案】28．A29．C30．B31．C【解析】这是一片说明文。文章主要介绍了与自己未来建立联系的好处，以及如何与未来的自己建立联系，并为未来做出有益的选择。28．推理判断题。根据第二段“ThebrainpatternsthatemergeonanMRI(核磁共振成像)whenpeoplethinkabouttheirfutureselvesmostlikethebrainpatternsthatarisewhentheythinkaboutstrangers.Thisfindingsuggeststhat,inthemind’seye,ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.Ifyouseefutureyouasadifferentperson,whyshouldyousavemoney,eathealthierorexercisemoreregularlytobenefitthatstranger?(当人们思考未来的自我时，核磁共振成像上出现的大脑模式最像是当他们思考陌生人时产生的大脑模式。这一发现表明，在大脑的眼中，我们未来的自己看起来和其他人一样。如果你把未来的自己视为一个不同的人，你为什么要省钱、吃得更健康或更经常地锻炼来造福那个陌生人？)”可推知，本段通过设问来引出下文，产生进一步的讨论，为什么要和未来的自己建立联系。故选A。29．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话到最后一句话“ApaperinthejournalPLoSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwell-being.InaprojectledbyJosephReiff,whichincludes5,000adultsaged20to75,hefoundthatthosewhoperceivedagreatoverlap(重叠)inqualitiesbetweentheircurrentandfutureselvesendedupbeingmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives10yearsafterfillingouttheinitialsurvey.(《公共科学图书馆综合》杂志上的一篇论文显示，与未来自我有更大联系感和相似感的大学生更有可能在学业上取得成功。与未来自我的关系对整体心理健康也很重要。在JosephReiff领导的一个项目中，包括5000名年龄在20岁至75岁之间的成年人，他发现那些认为自己现在和未来的品质有很大重叠的人，在完成最初的调查10年后，最终对自己的生活更加满意)”可推知，作者通过参考先前的发现来证明他的陈述。故选C。30．主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句话“Sohowcanwebetterbefriendourfutureselvesandfeelmoreconnectedtotheirfates?(那么，我们如何才能更好地与未来的自己成为朋友，并与他们的命运更加紧密地联系在一起呢？)”以及全段内容来看，本段主要介绍了与未来的自己联系的方式。故选B。31．推理判断题。根据第一段中第二句话“Buttheanswertohowyouthinkaboutyourfutureselfcouldmakethedifferencebetweendecisionsyouultimatelyfindsatisfyingandonesyoumighteventuallyregret.(但是，你如何看待未来的自己的答案可能会决定你最终感到满意的决定和你最终可能后悔的决定)”及第三段的第二、三句话“ApaperinthejournalPLoSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwell-being.(《公共科学图书馆综合》杂志上的一篇论文显示，与未来自我有更大联系感和相似感的大学生更有可能在学业上取得成功。与未来自我的关系对整体心理健康也很重要)”和最后一段“Letter-writingandvisualizationexercisesarejustacoupleofwayswecanconnectwithourfutureselvesandbeyond,butthelargerlessonhereisclear:Ifwecantreatourdistantselvesasiftheyarepeoplewelove,careaboutandwanttosupport,wecanstartmakingchoicesforthemthatimproveourlives-bothtodayandtomorrow(写信和可视化练习只是我们与未来自我和未来自我联系的几种方式，但这里更大的教训是明确的：如果我们能把遥远的自我当作我们爱、关心和想要支持的人来对待，我们就能开始为他们做出选择，改善我们今天和明天的生活)”可知，文章介绍了与未来自己建立联系的好处，如何与未来的自己建立联系，并为未来做出有益的选择。由此推知，这篇文章想告诉我们了解未来的自己的利好处。故选C。DHaveyoueverforgottenitemswhentryingtorecallashoppinglist?Ordialedthewrongphonenumberwhenattemptingtomemoriseone?Thebrainmechanisms(机制)thatcauseustodrawablankinsuchsituationshavenowbeenidentified.Ourworkingmemorykeepssmallpiecesofinformationthatarereadilyaccessibleforplanning,understandingandsolvingproblems.Butitwillhave“swaperrors”.Forexample,ifweareshownaredsquareandnbluecircle,andarethenaskedwhatcolourthecirclewas,wemightsayred,Tounderstandwhywemakesucherrors,JeffJohnstonatColumbiaUniversityandhiscolleaguesrecordedthebrainactivityoftwomonkeysbecauseamonkey’sworkingmemoryisverysimilartohumans.Themonkeyswereshowntwodifferentlycolouredsquares,oneabovetheother,forhalfasecond.Afterashortdelay,ablackspotappearedinthesamelocationasoneofthesquares,andthendisappeared.Theanimalsweretrainedtotellthecolourofthesquaretheyweresupposedtoberememberingbasedonthespot’slocation,bystaringatthematchingcolouronarotatable(可旋转的)wheel.Whendoingthisforabout3hoursovermultiplesessions,themonkeysperformedthetaskcorrectlybetween60and82percentofthetime,butoccasionallymadeswaperrors.Theresearchsuggeststhatthebrainresponseslinkedtoswaperrorsemergedbeforetheanimalsdecidedwhichcolourtoreport.Theyappearedtoariseduring“selection”whencertainitemsstoredinworkingmemoryareenhancedattheexpenseofothers,ratherthanoccurringasaresultofthemforgettingorafailuretocorrectlyencode(编码)itemsintheirworkingmemory.“Everyoneassumedthereweresimplerexplanationslikefailuretoencodeorforgetting,butthisverycoolstudyshowsthatworkingmemoryerrorscomefromapreviouslyunknownsource,”saysEarlMillerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Theteamisplanningfurtherexperimentstogainabetterunderstandingofmechanismsunderlyingswaperrors.32．Whatisthefunctionofworkingmemory?A．Toidentifytheerrorsinunderstanding. B．Toreducetheoccurrenceofmindblanking.C．Todevelopthewayofdistinguishingcolours. D．Tostoreinformationatthereadyformentaluse.33．Whatwerethemonkeystaskedwithintheresearch?A．Correctingtheirerrorsovermultiplesessions. B．Playingamatchinggameonarotatablewheel.C．Reportingthecolourofthesquaretomemorize. D．Figuringouttheexactpositionoftheblackspot.34．Whatdoestheresearchsuggestaboutswaperrors?A．Theyareunusualbrainresponses. B．Theyshowatendencyforforgetfulness.C．Theyhaveaneffectonworkingmemory. D．Theyaretheoutcomeofmemoryselection.35．WhatisEarlMiller’sattitudetowardstheresearchfinding?A．Unclear. B．Appreciative. C．Objective. D．Dismissive.【答案】32．D33．C34．D35．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是工作记忆以及针对工作记忆为什么会出现错误的相关研究过程以及发现。32．细节理解题。根据第二段“Ourworkingmemorykeepssmallpiecesofinformationthatarereadilyaccessibleforplanning,understandingandsolvingproblems.(我们的工作记忆保存着小块的信息，这些信息很容易用于计划、理解和解决问题)”可知，工作记忆的功能是把信息储存起来以备脑力使用。故选D。33．细节理解题。根据第四段“Themonkeyswereshowntwodifferentlycolouredsquares,oneabovetheother,forhalfasecond.Afterashortdelay,ablackspotappearedinthesamelocationasoneofthesquares,andthendisappeared.Theanimalsweretrainedtotellthecolourofthesquaretheyweresupposedtoberememberingbasedonthespot’slocation,bystaringatthematchingcolouronarotatable(可旋转的)wheel.(给猴子看两个不同颜色的方块，一个在另一个上面，持续半秒钟。在短暂的延迟后，一个黑点出现在与其中一个方块相同的位置，然后消失。动物们经过训练，通过盯着一个可旋转的轮子上的对应颜色，说出它们应该根据点的位置所记住的正方形的颜色。)”可知，在这项研究中，猴子的任务是报告要记忆的正方形颜色。故选C。34．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Theresearchsuggeststhatthebrainresponseslinkedtoswaperrorsemergedbeforetheanimalsdecidedwhichcolourtoreport.Theyappearedtoariseduring“selection”whencertainitemsstoredinworkingmemoryareenhancedattheexpenseofothers,ratherthanoccurringasaresultofthemforgettingorafailuretocorrectlyencode(编码)itemsintheirworkingmemory.(研究表明，与交换错误相关的大脑反应在动物决定报告哪种颜色之前就出现了。它们似乎是在“选择”过程中出现的，当储存在工作记忆中的某些项目以牺牲其他项目为代价而得到加强时，而不是由于他们忘记或未能正确编码工作记忆中的项目而出现的。)”可知，关于交换错误，研究表明是记忆选择的结果。故选D。35．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Everyoneassumedthereweresimplerexplanationslikefailuretoencodeorforgetting,butthisverycoolstudyshowsthatworkingmemoryerrorscomefromapreviouslyunknownsource,”saysEarlMillerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.(麻省理工学院的厄尔·米勒说：“每个人都认为有更简单的解释，比如编码失败或遗忘，但这项非常酷的研究表明，工作记忆错误来自一个以前未知的来源。”)”可推知，厄尔·米勒对研究发现的态度是积极欣赏的。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Expertsoftentellstudentstocentertheireffortsonanarrowfieldtogetajobafterschool.36Oneofthewinnersofthisyear’sNobelPrizeinChemistrywasDanishscientistMortenMeldal,whois68yearsoldandworksattheUniversityofCopenhagen.Whendescribinghiscareer,Meldalsaidhestartedoutasanengineerbutchangedtochemistrybecausehe“wantedtounderstandtheworld.”37Theymightbelievetheyhavetocentertheirworkandschoollivesinonefieldtobesuccessful.ButastudyfromprofessorsatMichiganStateUniversityshowsthatisnotalwaysthecase.TheresearcherslookedintopastNobelPrizewinnersandtheirstudents.38someofwhattheylearnedfromtheirteachersishowtolivealifewithmanyinterests.Theyare,inaway,learninghowtobecreative.Nobelwinnersareninetimesmorelikelytohaveexperienceinworkingwithwood,metalorintheartsthanmostscientists.TheresearchersalsofoundthattheNobelwinnershaveanopenmindabouttheirlifeexperiences.Unlikemanypeoplewhospendlonghoursatworkandgiveuptheiroutsideinterests,39Theresearcherssaythat,evenamongpeoplewhodonotwinbigprizes,thosewithmanyinterestsareoftensuccessful.Theypointedtoa2022reportaboutstudentswhostudytwomajorfieldsincollege.40Doublemajorsareoftenmorecreativeandmoreinterestedinstartingtheirownbusinessesthanthosewhocenteredononlyonestudyarea.A．Thatstudyplaniscalleda“doublemajor”.B．Whatwebelieveisofgreatbenefitstothem.C．Meldal’sexperiencemaycomeasasurprisetostudents.D．Theydiscoveredthatiftheyhelpedeachotherafterwards,E．Nobelwinnersbelievetheirhobbiesareimportanttocreativity.F．TheyfoundthatwhenthestudentsofwinnerswentontowinNobelPrizes,G．ButrecentresearchintoNobelPrizewinnerssuggeststhatwiderinterestsareimportant.【答案】36．G37．C38．F39．E40．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项针对诺贝尔奖获得者的研究发现，这些获奖者通常有多个领域的知识，广博的知识使他们在工作中能用不同的角度和方法思考问题。36．根据上文“Expertsoftentellstudentstocentertheireffortson