Unit1词汇语法(一般过去时)人教版八年级英语上册

Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?词汇篇知识梳理：1、复合不定代词：由some，any，every，no与one，body，thing构成的代词称为符合不定代词。这些词在句中的作用相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语等.复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式onebodythingSomesomeonesomebodysomethingAnyanyoneanybodyanythingEveryeveryoneeverybodyeverythingNoNoonenobodynothing=1\*GB3①有body和one的只用来指人，可互换。Somebody/someonehaslefthis/theirhandbag.=2\*GB3②有thing的只用来指事物Everythingisready,isn’tit?=3\*GB3③somebody，someone，something用于肯定句，anything，anyone，anybody用于否定句，疑问句.当some一类复合不定代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句时，往往表示希望对方给予肯定的答复，表示肯定的意义。Ifyoudon’tknowtheanswer,asksomebody/someoneelse.Iseemnottohaverememberedanythingthatjusthappened.Cansomeoneeoveranddomeafavor?=4\*GB3④anything表示“任何事物，无论何事（物）”,anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，他们可以用于肯定句中。Ifanybodycalls,tellhimI’mout,buttakedownhisnameandphonenumber.=5\*GB3⑤复合不定代词后加’s构成所有格Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.=6\*GB3⑥复合不定代词后常加else，表示“另外...的”。Everybodyelsebutmeagreedtotheirsuggestion.something、anything、nothing、everything+形容词，例如：somethingspecial特殊用法Somebody，anybody可指一点地位或小有名气的人物；nobody指没有地位的人或默默无闻的人物；something往往指了不起的东西；nothing指无关紧要的东西。Thegrandbridgeisreallysomething.注意：、Everyone与everyone的区别Everyone“每个人、人人”，只可指人；everyone指“每个”、“个个”，既可以指人，也可以指物。Everyone不可以与of短语，但是everyone后可加of短语。Anyone和anyone的用法与everyoneeveryone用法相似。Everyoneofusobjectedtothenewplan.、everything，everyone，everybody的肯定和否定，三个词常用于肯定句，用于否定句时常表示部分否定，完全否定用nobody，noone，none，nothing。Noteverythingthatyoupossessisthebest.Noone,nobody,none,nothing用在疑问句中：这四个词引起的疑问句，所期待的回答通常是“no”。Istherenothingserious?No,nothingatall.拓展：something构成的习惯用法Somethinglike大约，左右Somethingof有几分orsomething（放在名词后，表示没有把握）诸如此类，或什么的。3.quite和very的区别=1\*GB3①quite+a/an,a/an+veryItitquiteacoldday.It’saverygoodidea.=2\*GB3②quite可以修饰alot,afew,alittle,abit,不能用very,very可以修饰few,little.Quiteafewpeoplehavecaughtcoldinsuchbadweather.Veryfewpeoplecanlivetobe100.4、few，afew,用来修饰或替代可数名词.little,alittle用来修饰或替代不可数名词。Few，little表示“几乎没有”其意义是表示否定的；afew;alittle表示“有一些”，其意义是肯定的，这词或词组在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。IknowlittleofAmericanliterature.Ifyouhavesomeextracopiesofthisbook,pleasesendmeafew.whatabout=howabout做…怎么样后面加动词ing形式Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?6.seem和look的区别Seem是说话人主观上的判断，暗示有一定根据的判断，look指由视觉而得出的印象7.bored形容人无聊或是对...感到无聊boring形容物无聊或者是使...感到无聊8.arriveat+小地方arrivein+大地方9.decidetodosth=makeupone′smindtodosth决定做某事10.feellike+名词“觉得好像...”,”觉得想做..”Feellike+物质名词“摸上去像是...”Feellikedoing...”想做...”Itfeelslikerainsoon.Ifeellikearestafterthelongjourney.I’mholdingsomethingthatfeelslikeapotato.Idon’tfeellikewalkingverymuchtoday.over超过=morethanThewhaleisover100tons.=thewhaleismorethan100tons.enough足够的，enough+名词形容词/副词+enough13.because(连词)和becauseof（介词）的区别Because后面接的是一个句子，becauseof后面接单词或者短语14.below在…下面，反义词above15.forgettodosth忘记去做某事（这件事还没有做）forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事（这件事做过了，却忘记了）Iforgottoclosethewindowsthismorning.Iforgotpayingforthisbook.16.findout找到，发现，强调找的结果；lookfor寻找，强调找的过程17.so…that…如此…以至于too…to…太...而不能做某事enough…to足够...而能做某事Sheissoyoungthatshecan’tgotoschool.=Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.点金讲解：1.Whynotask

tohelpyou?A.everyoneB.anyoneC.someoneD.noone2.DoesTomgotoschool?Yes,heis

togotoschool.A.enougholdB.youngenoughC.oldenough3.Whatareyoudoingnow?I'mwatchingafootballmatch.It'sreally

(excite).4.Shewas

angry

shewalkedoutandclosedthedoorheavily.A.so;thatB.too;andC.very;thatD.such;that5.Wedidn'tgocampinglastweek

(because/becauseof)therain.当堂练习：二、单项选择1.Wearrived

Shanghailastnight.A.onB.toC.atD.in2.Thetwoboysdecided

fishing.A.goB.togoC.goingD.went3.There

astudentandfourteachersintheoffice.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are4.Bettystayedathomeand

forthetestlastweekend.A.studyB.studyedC.studiedD.studying5.Wehaveworkedforthreehours.Nowlet'sstop

arest.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.having6.Ourteacherstoldus

homeworkcarefully.A.todoB.doC.doesD.doing7.Ienjoy

tomusicathome.A.listenB.tolistenC.listeningD.listened8.Ihadnothing

todoyesterday.A.manyB.muchC.littleD.few9.Didyougooutwith

?A.someoneB.somethingC.anyoneD.anything10.Mr.Blackseemed

.A.tohappyB.happilyC.behappyD.tobehappy11.Wherearemybooks?They'reinyour

room.A.parentsB.Parent'sC.parents'D.parent12.Doyouhave

totellus?A.somethingimportantB.importantsomethingC.anythingimportantD.importantanything巩固提高：1.假期里我和父母去了南京。I

toNanjing

myparents

.2.昨天吉姆大部分时间待在家里上网。Jim

athome

thetimetosurftheInternetyesterday.3.旅游时你买了什么特别的东西吗？Didyou

onyourtrip?4.那是我第一次去香港。

myfirsttimetogotoHongKong.5.上周末你去哪里购物了？Where

you

shoppinglastweekend?6.Wheredidyou

(去度假)?7.We

(去海滩)lastSaturday.8.Mybrotherhas

(相当多)friends.9.Ispent

(大多数时间)collectingstamps.10.Iwanttogo

(有趣的地方).Unit1语法篇知识梳理：一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。一般过去时的构成①肯定句主语+be（was/were）+其他Shewasbornonacoldmorning.主语+动词的过去式+其他BobwantedtogotoShanghailastyear.②否定句主语+be（was/were）+not+其他Hersisterwasn’tinyesterday.主语+didnot动词原形+其他Wedidn’tagreewithyou.③疑问句Be（was/were)+主语+其他Wereyouverytiredlastnight?④did+主语+动词原形+其他Didheinviteyoutihisparty?一般过去时的用法①表示过去某一具体时刻发生的动作或状态时,时间状语有：amomentago,yesterday,justnow,duringthenight,in2015,lastyear,intheTangdynasty,when引导的时间状语从句等。Igotupat6：00thismorning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)LittleTombrokethewindowathalfpastninethismorning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)Whenhewentintotheroom,hesawastrangertalkingwithhisfather.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)ImetJulialastyear.(我去年遇见了茱莉亚)Hecametoourcityintheyear2000.(他2000年来到我们市)点金讲解：1、Lucydidherhomeworkathome.（改否定句）Lucy____________herhomeworkathome.2、Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)___________he_____________________meatinthefridge?3、Therewassomeorangeinthecup.（变一般疑问句)_______there_______orangeinthecup?4.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistoryyesterday.（一般疑问句）_______Frank_______aninterestingbookabouthistoryyesterday?5.Whynotgooutforawalk?（同义句）_______________________outforawalk?基础演练一、适当形式填空1.Thechildren_________(spend)awonderfultimetogetherthisafternoon.

2.Rita__________(learn)alotintheChineseclasstoday.

3.Tracy__________(wear)hermother’sclothestothepartylastSunday.

4.Gary__________(take)ashowerlastnight.

5.Mr.Smith__________(e)toourschoolforavisitthreedaysago.

6.Betty__________(bee)ateacherlastyear.7.David__________(put)onhisfather’ssweater.It’stoobigforhim.

8.Frank__________(read)icbooksalldayyesterday.

9.I__________(buy)anewdictionarythedaybeforeyesterday.

10.—Whatday_________(be)ityesterday?

—It__________(be)Friday.二、单选1.CanI_________allmyfriendstomybirthdayparty?

A.invite B.invited C.please D.ask

2._____youliketoetomyhouse?

A.Could B.Do C.Would D.Shall

3.I______boatingonDonghuLakelastSaturday.

A.wasgo B.went C.go D.am

4.Itwaseleveno’clock,butI______gotobed.I______alotofhomeworktodo.

A.could;haveB.couldn’t;hadC.can;have D.can’t;had

5.Howdidyougethome_____school?

A.to B.from C.for D.at

6.Theyall________sorryforthebrokentree.

A.felt B.make C.said D.caught7.Heranveryfastand______theotherboysfinally.

A.took B.fellover C.caughtupwith D.climbed8.Thepooroldmanwasveryhungryand_______somefood.

A.said B.askedfor C.sing D.speak

9.Inautumn,we______alotofapplesonthebigappletree.

A.planted B.painted C.picked D.planed

10.Areyou_______yournewsweater?Isawherinitinthegarden.

A.seeing B.lookingfor C.waitingfor D.finding巩固提高1、_____hereandaskhimaboutityesterday?

A.Didyoue B.Wouldyounotgo C.Youdidn'te D.Aren'tyougo

2、___he___agoodtimelastSunday?

A.Were;were B.Did;do C.Did;has D.Did;have

3、ThestudentshardlystudiedtheEnglishlanguage,___they?

A.did B.didn't C.were D.weren't

4、____thebus____justnow?

Yes,butithasleft.

A.Has;e B.Did;e C.Is;e D.Does;e

5、Hecamein,___hiscoatandsatdown.

A.tookdown B.tookoff C.takingdown D.takingoff

6、Wecarriedsomewater,dugsomeholesand___toplantthesetrees.

A.begin B.began C.beginning D.begins

7、Theoldladycleanedthetables,