高考二轮复习英语试题（新高考新教材）考点分类练（四）推理判断题观点态度类

考点分类练(四)推理判断题——观点态度类A(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathasetobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbeecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollowupstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecisionmakingareenormous.1.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.2.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotmunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent3.Whatdidthefollowupstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful. D.Approving.B(2021·山东菏泽一模)CharviGoyalisahighschoolstudentfromDallas,Texas,whohelpsoutotherclassmatesbytutoringthembetweenclasses.Atutorissomeonewhoteachesonepersonoraverysmallgroupofstudents.WhenGoyal’shighschoolmovedonlinebecauseofthepandemic,shedecidedtotakeherteachingonline.ThejuniorandthreeofherfellowstudentscreatedTutorScope,aprogrammethatoffersfreetutoringservicestootherchildren,includingyoungerones.Itstartedwithasmallnumberoftutorswhohelpedyoungpeopleintheircity.Butithasgrownintoagroupof22tutorsfromTexas,ArizonaandOhio.Theyhavehelpedmorethan300students.TutorScopeaimstogivetheoneononehelpthatteachershavetraditionallygivenwhilewalkingaroundtheirclassrooms.Butnow,manyteacherscannotprovidethatoneononesupportbecausetheylacktimeorhaveissueswithtechnology.SarahNewmansaidherchildren,7yearoldtwins,hadhelpfulTutorScopeexperiences.“Withthesetutors,Irealisetheyhavetime,”shesaid,“Ithinktheyareverypatientwiththeseyoungerkids,whichIdonotevenhaveasamother.Ihavepatienceforotherthings,butIdon’thavepatienceforteaching.”WhatmakestheTutorScopeeffortspecialistheconnectionbetweentheteenagevolunteersandtheotherstudentstheyarehelping.Althoughthepandemichasforcedmanystudentstolookinward,Goyalsaidthatworkingwithothersonabigprojecthadpermittedhertolookoutward.“Myconfidencelevelhasincreased,”Goyalsaid.Sheaddedthatshehasmadefriendswithotherstudentsfromherschool.Shesaidoneofthebestthingsaboutrunningagrowingnonprofitprogrammeisthatitdoeshelpwiththeboredomofbeingstuckathome.5.WhatdidGoyaldobecauseofthepandemic?A.Shehelpedherclassmatesatschool.B.Shegotactiveinfightingadisease.C.Sheofferedonlineclassestostudents.D.Shewenttoanothercountryforhelp.6.What’sthepurposeofTutorScope?A.Togiveonlinehelp.B.Tomakeprofits.C.Tomakefriends.D.Tochoosevolunteers.7.What’sSarahNewman’sattitudetowardstheprogramme?A.Favourable. B.Tolerant.C.Skeptical. D.Critical.8.WhatcanwelearnfromGoyal’ssuccess?A.Puttingthecartbeforethehorse.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Nomancandotwothingsatonce.D.Helpingotherswillbenefitoneself.COnlineeducationhasgrownfastoverthepasttenyears.Theexplosionoftechnologyhasmadeteachingoutsidethetraditionalclassroompossibleforteachersandhasprovidedlearnerswitheasyaccesstocoursematerials.InApril,2005,Iwasapproachedbyastudentwhowasinterestedinourdoctoralprogramme.However,thefirstquestionoutofhermouthwas,“Doyouofferanyonlinecourses?”Laterthatday,asIwasreadingtheconferenceprogrammeguideandtryingforinterestingpresentations,Inoticedmanyworkshopsonwebbasedlearningandonlineeducation.Ilaterattendedtwoofthoseworkshopsandmetseveralprofessorsfromdifferentuniversitieswhohadeithertaughtonlinecoursesforquitesometimeorwhowerediscoveringthebestpracticeforteachingonline.Theseexperienceshelpedmerealiseatleasttosomeextentthedegreeofgrowthinonlineeducation.Imadeseveralattemptstoenrichmyknowledgeofdistancelearningandonlineteaching.Iconsultedwithmycolleagueswhowereteachingonlinecourses.Thishelpedmerecognisetheimportanceofgettingmaterialspreparedevenbeforethestartofaterm.Ialsolearnedthatonlinecoursesmayconsumemoretimethanregularclassroomteaching.AndIattendedseveralworkshopsregardingonlineeducationandestablishedanetworkwiththosewhowereinvolvedinonlineprogrammesatotheruniversities.IwillconsiderthesepeopleasmyconsultantsasIbegintodesignmyownonlinecourse.Also,Iconductedabriefsurveywith15studentsandtwostaffmemberswhohadtakenortaughtanonlinecoursebeforetounderstandtheirexperience.EventuallyIpletedaliteraturereviewwhichgavemethefoundationandthebackgroundofunderstandingtheneedforonlineeducation.9.Whydidtheauthortakeastudentforexample?A.Toshowstudents’loveforthedoctoralprogramme.B.Topersuadelearnersoftraditionaleducation.C.Toexplainthegrowingtrendofonlineeducation.D.Topredictthefutureoftheteachingcareer.10.Whatcausedtheauthortoknowmoreaboutonlineeducation?A.Theappetiteforknowledge.B.Theprofessionalresponsibilities.C.Therequirementofresearch.D.Thecolleagues’encouragement.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoonlineeducation?A.Carefree. B.Doubtful.C.Supportive. D.Unwilling.考点分类练(四)推理判断题——观点态度类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究,该研究阐述了“群体智慧”效应的基本原理。1.B解析段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors...resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.”可知,当足够多的误差被平均在一起时,它们就会相互抵消,从而得到更准确的估计。由此可知,本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基础逻辑。故选B项。2.D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthat...thanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.”可知,Navajas的研究表明,即使在个体估计不是完全独立的情况下,其准确率的提高也是可以做到的。故选D项。3.C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.”可知,后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C项。4.D解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知,尽管Navajas的研究有局限性,仍存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此可推知,作者对Navajas的研究是持赞成态度的。故选D项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了高中生CharviGoyal在疫情期间通过网络教学帮助了学生,同时也增强了自己的自信心。5.C解析细节理解题。根据第二段的“WhenGoyal’shighschoolmovedonlinebecauseofthepan