考研《英语一》河南省新乡市红旗区2023年预测试卷含解析

考研《英语一》河南省新乡市红旗区2023年预测试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Whenonehitchhikes—travellingbygettingliftsfrompassingvehicleswithoutpaying,one1longhourseitherwaitingatalikelyintersection(岔路口)or2heavilydowntheroad,andwhenIwassoengaged,Ifound3insingingsongsorinrecitingthemanypoemsIhadmemorized,or4thelatestpostcardsIhadaddedtomyartcollection.Iwasinmanywaysthe5boyontheroad,inotherwaystherichest,andIwasalwayshappytobeontheroadmeetingnewpeople,hearingnewstoriesandseeingnew6.Ihave7beencleverenoughtoanalyzethemotivationordriveformyhitchhiking,butIdoubtthatitwasrelatedtoany8weakness.Ihaveneverbeenoutofmind.Homewasnotexcitingenoughtokeepme9toit.Ihadnomaterial10ofanykindtoholdmyinterestforlongperiodsoftimestayinghome.11Iwasnotunhappywithmyfamily,myschoolandmyfriends.WhenIwas12,hikingwithverylittlemoneyandathousandmilesfromhome,IwasconvincedthatIwould13myjourneysafely,forIwasquiteoptimisticasaboythenwith14lifebeforeme.SoitwaswithmewhenIwasatsixty—Iwasstilloptimisticwithsomany15behindme.ItseemsthatIwasbornto16attheworld,andsuchmendonotwritetragedies.ThesimplefactseemsthatwheneverIsawthat17roadoutsidemyhouse,Iwas18toexplorewhatitwaslike.WhatWaltWhitmanoncesaidwouldalwayspushmetogoon:“Afootandlight-heartedItaketotheopen19,healthy,free,theworldbeforeme,thelongbrownpathbeforemeleadingwhereverI20.”Thatmakesadifferencetomylife.1、A．savesB．spendsC．enjoysD．kills2、A．walkingB．runningC．drivingD．riding3、A．comfortB．boreC．adventureD．pain4、A．sendingB．recallingC．designingD．buying5、A．dullestB．busiestC．poorestD．laziest6、A．moviesB．showsC．landscapesD．exhibitions7、A．alwaysB．sometimesC．oftenD．never8、A．economicalB．moralC．physicalD．mental9、A．tiedB．adjustedC．opposedD．exposed10、A．conditionsB．possessionsC．preparationsD．occasions11、A．OtherwiseB．ThusC．BesidesD．Yet12、A．lonelyB．youngC．freeD．sad13、A．continueB．completeC．combineD．control14、A．experiencedB．untestedC．foreseenD．fantastic15、A．blessingsB．achievementsC．differencesD．challenges16、A．smileB．spitC．shoutD．sigh17、A．beautifulB．roughC．mysteriousD．dangerous18、A．frightenedB．determinedC．worriedD．surprised19、A．roadB．doorC．windowD．air20、A．startB．chooseC．knowD．changeSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whatiserosion(腐蚀)?Erosionissimplywhensoilistransportedontheearth'ssurfacefromonelocationtoanotherbyanaturalcause.Thisiseasytoimagine.Pictureasandcastleonabeach.Thissandcastleisparticularlybeautiful,theworkofawholelong,hotsummerafternoon.Ithasthreetowers,withagreatwallrunningallaround.Smallsquarehousessitinanopenareainthecenter.FromthetallesttowerfliesaPop-sicle-wrapperflagfromasmalltwigflagpole.Itsbuildersitsback,proudlyadmiringherwork.Butitislate,andthetideiscomingin,bringingthewatercloser.Finally,thecastleishitwithagiantwave.Asitpullsout,thebuilderseesthereisnothingleftbutbitsofthetowersandasmallbrokentwig.Wherehasthesandgone?Notveryfar,really.It’smovingaroundthewaterthatwillwashbackandforthacrossthebeachallday.It’sspreadaroundthebeachnexttothecastle.However,tooureyes,ithasdisappeared.Thisisalsothewaywitherosion.Partsoftheearthseemtodisappearbuthavereallyjustbeenmovedaround.Acommonexampleofwaterchangingthelandscapeissinkholes.Sinkholesareformedwhenundergroundwaterwearsawaythedirtandrockthatsurroundsit.Eventually,theholeunderneaththegroundissobig,andtheearthaboveitsothinthatthesurfacecollapsesintothehole,takingwithitanythingunluckyenoughtobeonthesurfaceatthetime.Sinkholesoccurnaturallyandhavebeenaroundaverylongtime.Today,though,manysinkholesarecausedbytheactionofhumanbeings.Infact,today,humanbeingsareoneofthethingshelpingtospeeduperosionoftheearth.Scientistsbelievethatbypumpingwaterfromunderground,movingsanddunesandothernaturally-occurringanti-erosionmeasures,humanshaveallowederosionoftheearthtospeedupbyasmuchas40times.Thismeansthatbeachesaroundtheworldaredisappearing,moresinkholesareopeningup,andfarmlandisrapidlybecomingdesert.1、What’stheauthor’spurposeofdescribingasandcastleinParagraph2?A．Toshowthedestructiveforceofnature.B．Torecallhishappychildhood.C．Tocatchthereader’sattention.D．Toexplainwhaterosionis.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertointhepassage?A．Thehole.B．Theground.C．Theearth.D．Thesurface.3、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanyouinfermayNOTbethecauseofsink-holes?A．Alotofhigh-riseshavebeenbuilt.B．Peoplepumpwaterfromunderground.C．Toomanymineshavebeenopenedup.D．Undergroundwatertakesawaydirtandrockaroundit.4、Basedonthepassage,whatismostlikelytobeoneresultoferosion?A．Desertificationwillspeedup.B．Sinkholeswillbeeverywhere.C．Manyplantspecieswilldisappear.D．Earthquakeswillhappenmoreoften.Text2Cigarettebutts(烟蒂)areeverywhere-cloggingupourstreets,litteringourbeaches-andfordecadesthey’vebeenthoughtofas“unrecyclable”.ButaNewJersey-basedcompany,calledTerraCycle,hastakenonthechallenge,andhascomeupwithawaytorecyclemillionsofcigarettebuttsandturnthemintoindustrialplasticproducts.Itsaimistotakeitemsthatpeoplenormallyconsiderimpossibletorecycle,andthenusesciencetofigureoutawaytodojustthat.Despitetheincreaseinanti-smokingadsandmessagingoverthepast20years,globalsalesofcigarettesincreasedby4percent,andawholelotofthosecigarettebuttsareendingupastrash,whichcansurelypollutethesurroundingenvironment.Sohowdoyougoaboutturningallthosepoisonousendsintosomethinguseful?TerraCycledoesthisbyfirstbreakingthemdownintoseparateparts.Theymixtheremainingmaterials,suchasthetobaccoandthepaper,withotherkindsofrubbish,anduseitonnon-agriculturalland,suchasgolfcourses.Thefilters(过滤嘴)arealittleharder.Torecyclethese,TerraCyclefirstmakesthemcleanandcutsthemintosmallpieces,andthencombinesthemwithotherrecycledmaterials,makingthemintoliquidforindustrialplasticproducts.Theynowhavemorethan3,000cigaretterecyclingbinsinninecountriesaroundtheworld.They’realsoexpandingtheirrecyclingofferingstotherestofthe40percentofhouseholdwastethatcurrentlycan’tberecycled,suchaschocolatepackaging,pens,andmobilephones.Thegoalistousethelatestresearchtofindawaytostopsomuchwasteendingupin.landfill(垃圾填埋),andthengetcompaniestofundtheprocess.Andsofar,it’sworking.“Wehaven’tfoundanythingthatwecan’trecycle,”communicationsdirectorofTerraCycle,AlbeZakes,said.“Butwiththeamountandvarietyofpackagingandlitterintheworld,wearealwayslookingfornewwastestreamstoaddress.”1、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A．Itisimpossibleforthefilterstoberecycled.B．TerraCyclehasachievedalotinrecyclingwhatusedtobeconsidered“unrecyclable”.C．Anti-smokingadsandmessaginghaveledtopeople’squittingsmoking.D．Mobilephonescan’tberecycledbymeansofthelatestresearch.2、Whatcanwelearnabouttheapproachtorecyclingcigarettebutts?A．Unbelievableandcostly.B．Excellentbuthardtocarryout.C．Uselessindealingwithotherhouseholdwaste.D．Practicalandenvironmentallyfriendly3、Theunderlinedword‘“trash”inParagraph2probablymeans.A．mineralB．fertilizerC．rubbishD．poison4、InAlbeZakes’sopinion,.A．TerraCyclehassuccessfullyrecycledeverything.B．theystillhavealongwaytogo.C．itwillbetoodifficultforthemtofindnewways.D．thepublicshouldbeawareoftheenvironmentalpollution.Text3Bothhoneybeesandantsaresocialinsectsthatliveingroupscalledcolonies.Theysurvivebymeansoftheircollectiveintelligence.Theirdecision-makingpowerisdistributedthroughoutthegroup;thatis,nooneantorbeemakesdecisionsforthegroup.Instead,theyworktogether.AsDeborahM.Gordon,abiologistatStanfordUniversity,says,"Antsaren'tsmart.Antcoloniesare."Thesameistrueforbeecolonies.Althoughbeesandantsarequitedifferentphysically,theyhavealotincommonintermsoftheirsocialbehavior.Specifically,honeybeesandantshavesimilarroleswithinthecolony,bothhavecommunicationsystems,andbothhavethecapacityforlearning.Antscommunicatebyusingchemicalscalledpheromones,whichcanalertotherstodangerortoafoodsource.Forexample,whenworkerantsfindapromisingsource,theylettherestofthecolonyknowhowtofinditbyleavingatrailofpheromonesonthewaybacktothecolony.Theotherantspickupthemessageusingtheirsenseofsmell.Bees,ontheotherhand,usemovementtocommunicatewitheachother.Workerbeessendmessagestoeachotherbymeansofa"dance".Differentspeedsandmovementssenddifferentmessages.Forexample,whenworkerbeescalledscoutsgoouttofindanewhomeforthecolony,theyreturnanddoadancefortheotherworkerbeesthatindicatesthelocationofthenewhomeandhowsuitableitis.Thefasterthescoutsdance,thebetterthenewlocationis.Honeybeesandantsarebothcapableoflearning.OneChinesestudyfoundthatbeescanbetrainedtolearnandrememberaroutetoafoodsource.Theresearchersalsofoundthatbeescanbetaughttorecognizehiddenobjectsandusetheconceptsof"sameness"and"difference"toaccomplishcertaintasks.Antstakethisonestepfurther.RecentAmericanresearchhasshownthatantsnotonlyhavetheabilitytolearn,butalsocanteachtheirforagingskillstootheryoungerants.Theyobservedthatolderantsaccompanyyoungantsinsearchoffoodandteachthemtherouteandhowtoavoidobstacles.Aswecansee,thesocialbehaviorofhoneybeesandantsisquitesimilar.Bothcoordinatecomplexactionsandaccomplishcrucialsurvivaltasksbycooperatingingroupsconsistingofmanyindividuals.Unintelligentastheymaybeasindividuals,asgroupstheyoftenshowamazingbrillianceastheygoabouttheireverydayactivities.1、Whatdoantsandbeeshaveincommon?A．Theyliveinsimilar-sizedcolonies.B．Theymakeuseofcollectiveintelligence.C．Theyhavesmallleadershipgroupsthatmakealldecisions.D．Theyusethesamemethodstocommunicatewitheachother.2、Whatdoesthespeedofabee'sdanceindicate?A．Thequalityofanewcolonylocation.B．Thedistancetoaneighboringcolony.C．Thediscoveryofanewfoodsource.D．Thedirectiontoapotentialfoodsource.3、Inparagraph3,howdoestheauthordemonstratetheideathatHoneybeesandantsarebothcapableoflearning?A．Byusingstatistics.B．Byexplainingreasons.C．Byreferencingopinions.D．Bypresentingstudyfindings.4、Whatisthebenefitofcollectiveintelligence?A．Itallowsthecolonytoreproducemorerapidly.B．Itimprovesworkcooperationwithinthecolony.C．Itreducesthedivisionoflabouramongmembers.D．Itenablesindividualstoteacheachothernewskills.Text4Adoverestedonatelephonewire.Readyfortakeoff,itraisesitswings,springsintotheairandflapsaway.Thisseriesofactionsissocommonthatyouprobablydonotpayitmuchattention.ButUniversityofManchesterbioinechanicalengineerBenParslewdoes.Heistryingtodesignrobotsthatcanjumplikebirds.Mostconventionalrobotsrollaroundonwheels,limitingmobility.Thereisaneedformoreagilerobotsthat"canjumpoverobstaclesinmessyenvironments,"Parslewsays.Todesignsuchamachine,heturnedtonature:"Birdsarereallygoodjumpers,"henotes.Thetroubleis,whenbirdsstarttotakeoff,theyleansofarforwardthattheyshouldtipoverandfallontotheirbeaks(喙).Yetthatdoesnothappen.Parslewandhisteamusedcomputermodelingtodiscoverhowbirdsavoidthisfate.Theydiscoveredthatbirdstwisttheirbodiesslightlytowardsthebackwhileacceleratingintoajump.Theyalsohaveflexiblelegsandtoejoints,whichpreventthemfromtakingoffbrieflyandimmediatelycrashingintotheground.TheresultwerepublishedlastOctoberinRoyalSocietyOpenScience.Parslewthinksengineerscanusethisinformationtodesignrobotsthatcannotonlyjumpwellbutalsolaunchintoflightmore.efficiently.UniversityofSouthernCaliforniabiomechanistMichaelHabib,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysspringsandlevers(杠杆)enablemorerapidacceleration-thanwheelsdo.Andmanyanimalsaremastersofspringsandlevers.“Ifyoucanunderstandhowthatworks,”Habibadds,“youcanbuildarobotthat'sgoodatrunningaroundandgoodatflying,anditwillalsobegoodattakingoffsuddenlyinallkindsofconditionsandlandingonadime.”Parslewisnowdesigningsucharobot,asanalternativetowheeledroversforexploringotherplanets.1、WhatisrightaboutthedovementionedinParagraph1?A．Ittakesoffverybeautifully. B．Itcatcheseveryone'sattention.C．ItgivesBenParslewinspiration. D．ItraisesBenParslew’scuriosity.2、Whatcanwe-inferaboutthetraditionalrobots?A．Theycan'tjumpoverbarriers. B．Theycanonlymoveinonedirection.C．Theycan'tdetectbarriersbeforethem. D．Theycan'tadapttocomplexenvironments.3、Howdoesabirdavoidfallingwhentakingoff?A．Bygettingridofgravity. B．Byflappingitswingshard.C．Byspinningitsbodybackward. D．Byjumpingintotheairquickly.4、Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Birdsprovideinspiration.forhumans.B．Newrobotsthatcanjumphavebeencreated.C．ThedevelopmentofrobotsbenefitsspaceexploreD．Studyingbirds'jumpinghelpsscientistbuildbetterrobots.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Aroundtheworld,malnutrition(营养不良)hasbecomeaproblemthatcosts$1．5trillionperyear,accordingtothelatestGlobalNutritionReport,2．givesananalysisoffoodandnutritionissueseachyearAlthoughmostcountrieshavefallenshortintheirefforts3．(deal)withpoornutritionandfoodinsecurity,theUSappearstobebadlyofftrack,thereportfoundTheworld’s4．(large)economycontinuestosufferfromhighratesofobesity,diabetesandanemia(贫血),accordingtothedataandhasmorethanamillionoverweightchildren“Malnutritionisresponsibleformoreill-health5．anyothercause6．healthconsequencesofoverweightandobesitycontributetofourmilliondeaths7．(globe)”CorinnaHawkes,directoroftheCenterforFoodPolicy,8．(write)inthereportAccordingtothestudy,mostcountrieshaveatleasttwoissuesrelatedtomalnutritionThemostseriousissuesarechildrenwhoareeitheroverweight,anemic,9．sufferfromundevelopedgrowthOverall,malnutritioncontributestoabouthalfofallchildhooddeathstheresearchshowedAndthose10．(affect)maynotbeabletogetasgoodajobastheycouldhave,iftheyhadbeenfedwellItalsopreventsthem11．(be)abletocontributetosociety,andtheeconomy,aswellastheywouldhaveinahealthierenvironmentFelicityMiller,a32-year-oldBritishwoman,1．hasaChinesehusband,stillremembersthe2．(excite)whenshefirstlearnedtousethe“redpacket”functiononWeChatin3．ShesentandgrabbedsomeredpacketsinherChinesefamily’sgroupTheruleinherfamilywasthatthepersonwhograbbedthe4．(high)amountsentthenextAttractedbytheuniquewayofcommunicating,manyforeigners5．(join)insendingandgrabbingredpacketssofarUsually,themoneyineachpacketisrandomThustheamountofmoneyonecangrab6．(large)dependsonhisorherluck,from7．01yuantolessthan200yuanManyforeignersgetmorefamiliar8．Chineseculturethrough“redpackets”Twoyearsago,whenFelicityMillerwassent9．20or10．88yuanredpackets,shehadnoclueaboutthe11．(hide)meaningsNow,shehasknownaboutthemHowever,thepopularityofvirtualredpacketsdoesn’tstoppeoplesendingpaperredpackets12．(contain)realcashduringtheSpringFestivalIt13．(call)luckymoneyInChinesetradition,peopletakeluckymoneyforchildrenas14．blessingSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Mobilephonesareoneofthemostusefulinventionsofthelast50years,butnoteverythingthatissaidaboutthemisgood.Mobilesarefrequentlyblamedforanumberofthings,fromthumbinjuriesandheadachestohousefires.1、Thetheoryisthatthebeesnavigation(导航)systemsaredamagedbytheradiationthatisgivenoffbymobilephones.Beeshaveabuilt-insystemabitlikeGPSandthishelpsthemfindtheirwaybacktotheirhive.Butrecently,thousandsofbeeshavefailedtofindtheirwayhome.2、TheproblemwasfirstnoticedbybeekeepersinAmericaandisalotmorecomplicatedthanitatfirstseems.Theimportantthingaboutbeesisthatmostofthecropsinmanycountriesoftheworldarepollinated(授粉)bythem.3、ManybeekeepersinAmericaandEuropehavereportedlosingbetween50and70percentoftheirbees.JimPiper,aLondonbeekeeper,wasrecentlyaskedhowtheproblemwasaffectinghim.“Mybusinesshasbeenruinedbythis,”heexplained,“twenty-nineofmyfortyhivesarenowempty.”4、However,thefactthatbeesaredisappearinginverylargenumbersisreal.Andwecan’tmanagewithoutthem.Einsteinsaidthatifallourbeesdisappeared,manwouldonlyliveforfourmoreyears!5、Ifthemobilephonetheoryiscorrect,weneedtodosomethingaboutitimmediately—beforeit’stoolate.A．Beesarelosingtheirway.B．Nobodyhasprovedthetheoryistrue.C．Moreevidenceisprovidedtosupportthetheory.D．Itisbelievedtheyaredyingfarfromtheirhives.E.Withoutbees,thecropscan’tcontinuetogrow.F.Thesituationneedstobeevaluatedbytheworld’sbestscientists.G.Onetheoryevenblamesmobilephonesforthedisappearanceofbees.Everylivingthinghasgenes.Genescarryinformation.1、Theymakesurethathumansgivebirthtohumansandcowsgivebirthtoc