英语四级改革阅读理解新题型考试题库含答案解析版全套

英语四级改革阅读理解新题型考试题库含答案解析版全套练习1PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionB(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Caringforelderlyparentscatchesmanyunprepared[A]LastJuly,JulieBaldocchi，smotherhadamassivestrokeandwasparalyzed.Baldocchisuddenlyhadtobecomeafamilycaregiver,somethingthatshewasn"tpreparedfor.“Iwasflyingbytheseatofmypants,”saysBaldocchi,anemploymentspecialistinSanFrancisco.Bothofherparentsare83,andsheknewherfathercouldn’thandlehermother’scare.Thehospitalrecommendedputtinghermotherinanursinghome.Baldocchiwasn’twillingtodothat.Butmovingherbackintoherparents’homecreatedotherproblems.Baldocchi,48,ismarriedandlivesaboutamileawayfromherparents.Shehasafull-timejobandhasbackproblemsthatmakeitdifficultforhertolifthermother.“Icouldn’tdoitall,”shesays.“ButIdidn’tevenknowhowtofindhelp.”[B]WithhelpfromtheFamilyCaregiverAlliance,sheeventuallyhiredalive-incaregiver.“Butevenifyouplanintellectuallyandlegally,you’reneverreadyfortheemotionalimpact,”Baldocchisays.Inthefirsttwomonthsafterhermother’sstroke,shelostabout30poundsasstressmounted.Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,accordingtoa2009surveybytheAARP.Anadditional61.6millionprovidedatleastsomecareduringtheyear.Andmanyareunprepared.[C]Whilemanyparentslackanadvancecaredirective,it’sthemostbasicandimportantsteptheycantake.Thedirectiveincludesseveralparts,including:adurablepowerofattorney,whichgivessomeonelegalauthoritytomakefinancialdecisionsonanother’sbehalf;ahealthcareproxy,whichissimilartothepowerofattorney,exceptitallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment;andalivingwillthatoutlinesinstructionsforend-of-lifecare.(Forexample,parentscansayiftheywanttobekeptalivebyartificialmeasures.)“It’sinvaluableforthekids,becauseit’shardtomakethosedecisionsforaparent,”saysJenniferCona,anelder-lawattorneyatGenserDubowGenser&ConainMelville,N.Y.Anadvancecaredirectiveisthefirstlineofdefenseifasituationarises,saysKathleenKelly,executivedirectoroftheFamilyCaregiverAlliance,whichsupportsandeducatescaregivers.Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian,saysAgingC.[D]It’simportantforfamiliestotalkaboutlong-termcaresotheadultchildrenknowtheirparents，preferences,wishesandgoals,saysLynnFeinberg,acaregivingexpertatAARP.Butit’snotaneasyconversation.Elderlyparentsaresometimessuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives,saysSusanJohn,afinancialplanneratFinancialFocusinWolfeboro,N.H.OneclientaskedJohntoholdafamilymeetingbecausetheyneededanintermediarytotalkaboutfinancialissues,shesays.Andwhentherearemanysiblings,thefamilydecisionscanbecomeathree-ringcircuswithmuchacrimony,saysAnn-MargaretCarrozza,anelder-lawattorneyinGlenCove,N.Y.Familieswhoneedinformationandhelpsortingoutdisagreementscancallonelder-lawattorneys,financialplanners,geriatriccaremanagersandcaregiversupportgroups.InFebruary,AARPsaiditwillofferitsmembersanewcaregivingsupportservicethroughfinancialservicesfirmGenworth.[E]Manyfamiliesareunpreparedforquickdecisions,especiallywhentheyfindoutthatMedicaredoesn’tpayforlong-termcare,Feinbergsays.Themediancostofayearinaprivateroomatanursinghomein2011was$77,745,accordingtoGenworth.AndonlythosewhohavespentmostoftheirassetscanqualifyforMedicaidtopayforthenursinghome.[F]Assistedlivingisanotheroption.Residentscanhavetheirownapartmenttomaintainsomeindependence.Butthefacilitiesgenerallyprovidepersonalcareservices,suchasmeals,housekeepingandassistancewithactivities.Still,it’snotcheap:Thenationalmediancostin2011was$39,135,accordingtoGenworth.Assistedlivingisn’tcoveredbyMedicaid.[G]Iftheyhaveachoice,atleast90%ofelderlyparentsprefertostayathomeaslongastheycan,accordingtoAARPresearch.Butiftheparentscannolongersafelyliveathome,itcanbehardforchildrentomovethemintoanadultcarefacility.Theremaybeanotheroption.Sometimesthehomecanbemodifiedsoaparentcanstaythere.Forexample,Baldocchiputinachairliftforhermother.Shealsoarrangedforahomecaregiver.[H]Familycaregiverstakeovermanyresponsibilities.Onemightmanageaparent’sfinances,whileanothersiblingwilltaketheparenttodoctors"appointmentsandshopping.Thosewhomoveinwithaparenttakeonasignificantandsustainedburdenofcare.JanWalkermovedintohermother’shomeinLeesburg,Fla.Afterhermother,whois83,hadfallen,shewasn’tabletogetaroundaswell.Walker,55,hasthreebrothers.Butsheistheonlydaughter,isdivorcedandhasnochildren.“IalwaysknewthatthiswastherolethatIwouldhave,andIguessmymindwaspreparedforit,”saysWalker,whonowisafull-timecaregiverandworksfromhomeasatutorialinstructorforadigitalscrapbookingwebsite.“Whenyougetintothetrenches,it’sliterallybaptismbyfire,”shesays.“Newthingscomeup.It’snotjustaboutadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare.It’severything,”shesays.[I]Caregiversneedtoalsowatchtheirownhealth.“Thereissuchathingascaregiverburnout,”Conasays.Amongfemalecaregivers50andolder,20%reportedsymptomsofdepression,accordingtoa2010studyonworkingcaregiversbyMetLife.“It’sahardjob,”Walkersays.“Butmostworthwhilethingsarehard.ShewasalwaysthereformewhenIneededahelpinghand.It’sonlynaturalthatIbehereforhernow.”46.Whenelderlyparentscannotliveathomesafely,theirchildrencanchangetheirhomeinsteadofsendingthemtoanadultcarefacility.47.Totalkaboutlong-termcareisnoteasybecausesometimesagedparentsaresuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives.48.Besidesadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare,familycaregiverstakeovermanyotherresponsibilities.49.Thedifferencebetweenadurablepowerofattorneyandahealthcareproxyisthatthelatterallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment.50.Baldocchididnotwanttosendhermothertoanursinghome,butshehaddifficultytakingcareofher.51.Over42millioncaregivershelpedanadultwitheverydayactivitiesintheUSAin2009.52.Ifafamilyneedsinformationorhelptosortoutdisagreements,therearemanypeopletheycancallon.53.Caregiversshouldpayattentiontotheirownhealth,ortheymayburnoutorbecomedepressed.54.Onewillhavetopetitionthecourttobetheparent’slegalguardian,ifthereisnoadvancedirective.55.Thenationalmediancostofassistedlivingin2011was$39,135anditisnotcoveredbyMedicaid.答案与解析SectionB46.[G]。题干意为，当上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全时，他们的孩子可以改变他们的家，而不是将他们送到成人看护中心去。注意抓住题干中的关键词liveathomesafely和adultcarefacility。文章段落中，[G]段提到了上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全和成人看护中心的内容，该段第二至四句提到，如果上了年纪的父母住在家里不再安全，对于孩子来说将他们送到成人看护中心也很难，不过有另外一种选择——可以改变他们的家以适合他们在那里度过晚年。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[G]。47.[D]。题干意为，谈论长期护理问题并不容易，因为有时老年人会怀疑自己孩子有金钱方面的动机。注意抓住题干中的关键词talkaboutlong-termcare、suspiciousof和financialmotives。文章段落中，[D]段提到了谈论长期护理和老年人会怀疑自己孩子的内容，该段前三句指出，家庭成员谈论长期护理问题是很重要的，这样才能了解父母的喜好和意愿等，但是这并不容易，有时候父母会怀疑子女有金钱方面的动机。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。48.[H]。题干意为，除了提前进行资金和医疗方面的规划，家庭护理人员还有其他许多责任。注意抓住题干中的关键词planningforfinancesormedicalcare和manyotherresponsibilities。文章段落中，[H]段首先就提到了家庭护理人员要承担许多责任，该段最后指出，家庭护理不仅仅要提前做好资金和医疗规划，一切问题都要考虑到。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。49.[C]。题干意为，永久授权书和医疗保健代理委托书的区别在于，后者允许某人做出有关医疗方面的决定。注意抓住题干中的关键词adurablepowerofattorney和ahealthcareproxy。文章段落中，只有[C]段提到了这两个专有名词，该段第二句指出，护理指示应该包含adurablepowerofattorney、ahealthcareproxy和alivingwill。在介绍healthcareproxy时提到，它与durablepowerofattorney相似，只是它允许某人做出有关医?疗方面的决定。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。50.[A]。题干意为，Baldocchi不想将母亲送到疗养院，但是她又很难照顾她。注意抓住题干中的关键词Baldocchi和nursinghome。文章段落中，有几段都提到了Baldocchi,但是提到她不想将母亲送往疗养院但自己照顾母亲又有困难的只有[A]段。题干内容是对原文第一段的总结，故答案为[A]。51.[B]。题干意为，2009年，美国有超过4200万护理人员帮忙照料成年人的日常生活。题干中的关键词为Over42millioncaregivers和helpanadultwitheverydayactivities。文章段落中，[B]段倒数第三句提到了Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,其中Morethan42million和dailyactivities分别与题干中的Over42million和everydayactivities为同义互换。故答案为[B]。52.[D]。题干意为，如果一个家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或帮助，他们可以向很多人求助。注意抓住题干中的关键词sortoutdisagreements和callon。文章段落中，[D]段倒数第二句提到，如果一些家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或者帮助，他们可以向老年法律师、金融规划师、老年人护理经理和护理人员组织求助。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。53.[I]。题干意为，家庭护理人员应该注意自己的身体健康，否则他们可能会累垮或者变得心情抑郁。注意抓住题干中的关键词theirownhealth、burnout和depressed。文章段落中，提到要护理人员注意自己身体的是[I]段，该段前三句指出，家庭护理人员也要注意自己的身体，有的时候护理者可能会累垮。对年龄在50岁及以上的女性护理人员的调查显示，有20%的人称自己有抑郁症状。由此可知，题干是对原文这三句话的同义转述，故答案为[I]。题干中的payattentiontotheirownhealth和原文中的watchtheirownhealth对应。54.[C]。题干意为，如果没有提前准备一份护理说明，那么想成为父母的合法监护人需要向法庭申请。注意抓住题干中的关键词petitionthecourt、parent’slegalguardian和noadvancedirective。本题比较简单，这几个关键词均在文章[C]段中直接出现，该段最后一句提到，Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。55.[F]。题干意为，2011年，全国生活协助的平均花费为39，135美元，而且这项花费也不在医疗补助计划的范围之内。注意抓住题干中的关键词2011、$39，135和Medicaid。本题也比较容易，扫读全文，可以发现在[F]段出现了2011和$39，135这两个关键词，并且后面也提到生活协助并不包含在医疗补助计划之内。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[F]。练习2PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionB(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.BeautyandBodyImageintheMedia[A]Imagesoffemalebodiesareeverywhere.Women—andtheirbodyparts—selleverythingfromfoodtocars.Popularfilmandtelevisionactressesarebecomingyounger,tallerandthinner.Somehaveevenbeenknowntofaintonthesetfromlackoffood.Women’smagazinesarefullofarticlesurgingthatiftheycanjustlosethoselasttwentypounds,they’llhaveitall—theperfectmarriage,lovingchildren,greatsex,andarewardingcareer.[B]Whyarestandardsofbeautybeingimposedonwomen,themajorityofwhomarenaturallylargerandmorematurethananyofthemodels?Theroots,someanalystssay,areeconomic.Bypresentinganidealdifficulttoachieveandmaintain,thecosmeticanddietproductindustriesareassuredofgrowthandprofits.Andit’snoaccidentthatyouthisincreasinglypromoted,alongwiththinness,asanessentialcriterionofbeauty.Ifnotallwomenneedtoloseweight,forsurethey’reallaging,saystheQuebecActionNetworkforWomen’sHealthinits2001report.And,accordingtotheindustry,ageisadisasterthatneedstobedealtwith.[C]Thestakesarehuge.Ontheonehand,womenwhoareinsecureabouttheirbodiesaremorelikelytobuybeautyproducts,newclothes,anddietaids.Itisestimatedthatthedietindustryaloneisworthanywherebetween40to100billion(U.S.)ayearsellingtemporaryweightloss(90%to95%ofdietersregainthelostweight).Ontheotherhand,researchindicatesthatexposuretoimagesofthin,young,air-brushedfemalebodiesislinkedtodepression,lossofself-esteemandthedevelopmentofunhealthyeatinghabitsinwomenandgirls.[D]TheAmericanresearchgroupAnorexiaNervosa&RelatedEatingDisorders,Inc.saysthatoneoutofeveryfourcollege-agedwomenusesunhealthymethodsofweightcontrol—includingfasting,skippingmeals,excessiveexercise,laxative(泻药)abuse,andself-inducedvomiting.Thepressuretobethinisalsoaffectingyounggirls:theCanadianWomen’sHealthNetworkwarnsthatweightcontrolmeasuresarenowbeingtakenbygirlsasyoungas5and6.Americanstatisticsaresimilar.Severalstudies,suchasoneconductedbyMarikaTiggemannandLevinaClarkin2006titled“AppearanceCulturein9-to12-Year-OldGirls:MediaandPeerInfluencesonBodyDissatisfaction,”indicatethatnearlyhalfofallpreadolescentgirlswishtobethinner,andasaresulthaveengagedinadietorareawareoftheconceptofdieting.In2003,Teenmagazinereportedthat35percentofgirls6to12yearsoldhavebeenonatleastonediet,andthat50to70percentofnormalweightgirlsbelievetheyareoverweight.Overallresearchindicatesthat90%ofwomenaredissatisfiedwiththeirappearanceinsomeway.MediaactivistJeanKilbourneconcludesthat,“Womenaresoldtothedietindustrybythemagazineswereadandthetelevisionprogramswewatch,almostallofwhichmakeusfeelanxiousaboutourweight.”[E]Perhapsthemostdisturbingisthefactthatmediaimagesoffemalebeautyareunattainableforallbutaverysmallnumberofwomen.ResearchersgeneratingacomputermodelofawomanwithBarbie-dollproportions,forexample,foundthatherbackwouldbetooweaktosupporttheweightofherupperbody,andherbodywouldbetoonarrowtocontainmorethanhalfaliverandafewcentimetersofbowel.Arealwomanbuiltthatwaywouldsufferfromchronicdiarrhea(慢性腹泻)andeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.JillBarad,PresidentofMattel(whichmanufacturesBarbie),estimatedthat99%ofgirlsaged3to10yearsoldownatleastoneBarbiedoll.Still,thenumberofreallifewomenandgirlswhoseekasimilarlyunderweightbodyisepidemic,andtheycansufferequallydevastatinghealthconsequences.In2006itwasestimatedthatupto450,000Canadianwomenwereaffectedbyaneatingdisorder.[F]Researchersreportthatwomen’smagazineshavetenandone-halftimesmoreadsandarticlespromotingweightlossthanmen’smagazinesdo,andoverthree-quartersofthecoversofwomen’smagazinesincludeatleastonemessageabouthowtochangeawoman’sbodilyappearance—bydiet,exerciseorcosmeticsurgery.Televisionandmoviesreinforcetheimportanceofathinbodyasameasureofawoman’sworth.CanadianresearcherGregoryFoutsreportsthatoverthree-quartersofthefemalecharactersinTVsituationcomediesareunderweight,andonlyoneintwentyareaboveaverageinsize.Heavieractressestendtoreceivenegativecommentsfrommalecharactersabouttheirbodies(“Howaboutwearingasack?，，)，and80percentofthesenegativecommentsarefollowedbycannedaudiencelaughter.[G]Therehavebeeneffortsinthemagazineindustrytobuck(才氐制，反抗)thetrend.ForseveralyearstheQuebecmagazineCoupdePoucehasconsistentlyincludedfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesandChatelainehaspledgednottotouchupphotosandnottoincludemodelslessthan25yearsofage.InMadrid,oneoftheworld’sbiggestfashioncapitals,ultra-thinmodelswerebannedfromtherunwayin2006.FurthermoreSpainhasrecentlyundergoneaprojectwiththeaimtostandardizeclothingsizesthroughusingauniqueprocessinwhichalaserbeamisusedtomeasurereallifewomen’sbodiesinordertofindthemosttruetolifemeasurement.[H]Anotherissueistherepresentationofethnicallydiversewomeninthemedia.A2008studyconductedbyJuanitaCovertandTravisDixontitled“AChangingView:RepresentationandEffectsofthePortrayalofWomenofColorinMainstreamWomen’sMagazines”foundthatalthoughtherewasanincreaseintherepresentationofwomenofcolour,overallwhitewomenwereoverrepresentedinmainstreamwomen’smagazinesfrom1999to2004.[I]Thebarrageofmessagesaboutthinness,dietingandbeautytells“ordinary”womenthattheyarealwaysinneedofadjustment—andthatthefemalebodyisanobjecttobeperfected.JeanKilbournearguesthattheoverwhelmingpresenceofmediaimagesofpainfullythinwomenmeansthatrealwomen’sbodieshavebecomeinvisibleinthemassmedia.Therealtragedy,Kilbourneconcludes,isthatmanywomeninternalizethesestereotypes,andjudgethemselvesbythebeautyindustry’sstandards.Womenlearntocomparethemselvestootherwomen,andtocompetewiththemformaleattention.Thisfocusonbeautyanddesirability“effectivelydestroysanyawarenessandactionthatmighthelptochangethatclimate.”46.AreportinTeenmagazineshowedthat50%to70%girlswithnormalweightthinkthattheyneedtoloseweight.47.Onthewhole,for6yearswhitewomenhadbeenoccupyingmuchmorespaceinmainstreamwomen’smagazinessince1999.48.Somenegativeeffectssuchasdepressionandunhealthyeatinghabitsinfemalesarerelatedtotheirbeingexposedtoimagesofthinandyoungfemalebodies.49.Themassmediahashelpedboostthecosmeticandthedietindustries.50.Itisreportedthatthereisatleastonemessageaboutthemethodsforwomentochangetheirbodilyappearanceonmorethanthree-quartersofthecoversofwomen’smagazines.51.Somefilmandtelevisionactressesevenfaintonthesceneduetoeatingtoolittle.52.Toomuchconcernwithappearancemakesitimpossibletochangesuchabnormaltrend.53.ResearchersfoundthatarealwomanwithBarbie-dollproportionswouldeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.54.TheQuebecmagazineCoup(ePouceresiststhetrendbyconsistentlyincludingfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesforseveralyears.55.Accordingtosomeanalysts,thefundamentalreasonofimposingstandardsofbeautyonwomeniseconomicprofits.答案与解析PartⅢReadingComprehensionSectionB46.[D]题干意为，《青少年》杂志上的一项报道称，有50%到70%体重正常的女孩认为自己需要减肥。注意抓住题干中的关键词magazine、50%to70%和normalweight。文章段落中，《青少年》杂志以及百分比50%到70%的内容在[D]段出现，该段倒数第二句提到，《青少年》杂志报道称，在6~12岁的女孩当中，有35%的人至少进行过一次减肥，有50%~70%体重正常的女孩认为自己超重。由此可知，题干是对该句部分内容的同义转述，故答案为[D]。题干中的needtoloseweight与原文中的isoverweight对应。47.[H]。题干意为，总体而言，1999年以来白人女性连续六年占据了主流女性杂志的多数篇幅。注意抓住题干中的关键词for6years、whitewomen和occupyingmuchmorespace。文章段落中，提及白人女性在主流女性杂志所占比例的内容在[H]段出现，该段最后一句提到，该研究发现，虽然1999~2004年间杂志中出现的有色人种的女性形象在数量上有所增加，但是从整体来看，白人女性还是占据了主流女性杂志的多数篇幅。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。题干中的occupyingmuchmorespace对应原文中的overrepresented。48.[C]。题干意为，女性身上存在的一些诸如抑郁和不健康的饮食习惯的负面影响与接触年轻苗条的女性形象有关。注意抓住题干中的关键词depressionandunhealthyeatinghabits、beingexposedto和thinandyoungbodies