2022-2023学年北京市顺义区第一中学高二上学期11月期中英语试题（解析版）

顺义一中2022-2023学年度第一学期高二年级期中考试英语试卷Ⅰ卷第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagewaslocatednearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecondhome.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof____1____therefromaveryyoungage.Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething____2____happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandcausedgreat____3____,whichhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.____4____,thenumberofsnakeshaddecreasedaswell.He____5____thatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromtheheat.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek____6____duringthedaytime.Heturnedtotheforestdepartmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownand____7____anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.Wateringyoungplantsinthedryseasonwas____8____foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthetopofeachsapling(幼树)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto____9____rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.Molai_____10_____toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acres(英亩)ofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.1.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge2.A.valuable B.interesting C.worrying D.embarrassed3.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage4.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise5.A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.predicted6.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter7.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed8.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial9.A.prevent B.reduce C.heat D.collect10.A.returned B.learned C.continued D.failed【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.B8.A9.D10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A.nature自然；B.youth青春，年轻；C.culture文化；D.knowledge知识。根据常识可知，湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人担心的事情。A.valuable珍贵的；B.interesting有趣的；C.worrying令人担心的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据该段后半部分可知，洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人担心。故选C。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A.waste废物；B.tension紧张；C.pain疼痛，痛苦；D.damage损害，伤害。根据语境及常识可知，洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。【4题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A.Besides此外，另外；B.However但是；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否则。根据“aswell”可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开，而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A.agreed同意；B.realized意识到；C.remembered记住，记起；D.predicted预测。根据后文“thatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromtheheat.”可知，Molai意识到鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A.directions方向；B.partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C.help帮助；D.shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。根据常识可知，树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A.rebuilt重建；B.discovered发现；C.left离开；D.managed设法做成。根据前面的“lookingonhisown”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他“发现”了一个小岛。故选B。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A.tough困难的；B.illegal非法的；C.fantastic极好的；D.beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A.prevent阻止；B.reduce减少；C.heat加热；D.collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A.returned返回；B.learned学会；C.continued继续；D.failed失败。根据后文“Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acres(英亩)ofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.”可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他会“继续”种树。故选C。第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）(A)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Foraherder(放牧人)inAfrica,thehardestpartofthejobissearchingforcattle____11____(lose)inthebush.ButforAndrew,aherderatafarminZimbabwe,it’snotaproblem.Oncehe____12____(spot)Toro,heknowstherestoftheherdisnearby.That’sbecauseToroisn’tanordinarymemberoftheherd.He’sagiraffe.Inhotweather,cattlerestintheshadeunderhisbelly.Andbecauseofhis____13____(high),Torocanspotlionslongbeforetheycomeclose____14____theherd.【答案】11.lost12.spots13.height14.to【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，在非洲的津巴布韦，一头长颈鹿Toro与牛群生活在一起，同吃同住，相处得非常和谐。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：对于非洲的牧民来说，工作中最困难的部分是寻找迷失在丛林中的牛群。由“Oncehe___2__(spot)Toro,heknowstherestoftheherdisnearby”可知，此处表示“工作中最困难的部分是寻找迷失在丛林中的牛群”，空格处意为“迷失的”，用形容词作后置定语，修饰cattle，“迷失的”的形容词是lost，故填lost。【12题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一旦发现Toro，它就知道其他牛群就在附近。由knows可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语he是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填spots。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：由于它的身高，Toro可以在狮子接近牛群之前就发现它们。his后用名词作介词of的宾语，high的名词是height，意为“身高”，是不可数名词，故填height。【14题详解】考查介词。句意：由于它的身高，Toro可以在狮子接近牛群之前就发现它们。comecloseto是固定短语，意为“接近”，因此空格处是介词to，故填to。(B)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Ihadneverfeltanearthquakeuntillastweek.Therewasasmallearthquake____15____couldhardlyevenbecalledanearthquake.Iwasnotreally____16____(frighten).Tofeeltheearthmovelikethatwasjuststrange.Ofcourse,itlastedonlyafewseconds.Ihavespokentothelocalpeoplesincetheeventandluckily,therewerenoinjuriesordamagedonebyit.Butifithadbeenarealearthquake,IthinkIwouldhavefeltquite____17____(different).【答案】15.that##which16.frightened17.differently【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者在上周经历了一次小地震之后的感想。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意：发生了一场小地震，几乎不能称之为地震。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词asmallearthquake指的是物，所以此处使用that或者是which。故填that/which。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：我并不是真的害怕。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作表语，frighten的形容词为frightening意为“令人害怕的”和frightened意为“感到害怕的”，结和句意可知，此处表示的是“感到害怕的”。故填frightened。【17题详解】考查副词。句意：但如果这是一场真正的地震，我想我会有完全不同的感觉。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，different的副词为differently意为“不同地”符合句意。故填differently。(C)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Inancienttimes,peopleheldnatureinawe(敬畏).Forexample,theAmericanIndians____18____(believe),“Humansareapartofnatureandnatureisapartofhumans”.However,ashumanbeingsmastermoreknowledge,peopletrytochangenature.Theyusemoreland____19____(make)buildingsandcapturesomewildanimalstosuittheirownneeds.Inthisprocess,humansgraduallylosecontactwithnatureandeventhrowitoutofbalance.Pleaseremember:Natureisnottheplacetovisit.It’s____20____(we)home.【答案】18.believed19tomake20.our【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了人与自然应该和谐相处。【18题详解】考查时态。句意：例如，美洲印第安人认为，“人类是自然的一部分，自然也是人类的一部分”。根据文章时间状语Inancienttimes可知，用一般过去时态。故填believed。【19题详解】考查不定式。句意：他们用更多的土地建造建筑物，捕获一些野生动物以满足自己的需要。usesth.todosth.用某物做某事。故填tomake。【20题详解】考查代词。句意：它是我们的家园。名词home前用形容词性物主代。故填our。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共16小题，每小题2分，共32分）阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。ANewJerseyBotanicalGardenMembershipIt’seasytojoinNewJerseyBotanicalGarden(NJBG)Membershiporrenewyourmembershiponline,byphoneorbymail.Andit’ssoimportanttotheBotanicalGarden!YourmembershipdollarshelptoimprovetheGarden,andprovideeducationalandrecreational(娱乐的)activitiesforthegeneralpublic.Thankyouforyoursupport!Tojoinorrenew,pleaseclickontheappropriatesectionandmembershipcategorybelowforsafeandconvenientonlinepaymentprocessingbyPayPal.Ifyouprefertojoinbyphoneormail,calltheNJBGofficeat(973)962-9534ordownloadandsendinourmembershipbrochure(AdobeAcrobatPDFfile).★JoinNJBGTodayMembershipCategoryIndividualDual(两人共用)StudentAnnualDues$35$60$25Special:Save$5withBiennialDues(两年会费)$60$100$40★RenewYourMembershipMembershipCategoryIndividualDualStudentAnnualDues$30$50$25Special:Save$5withBiennialDues$50$80$40TheBotanicalGardenstartedlifeasSkylands,alargeareainthegrandmanner.Itisfamousfora44-roomTudorRevivalgranitemansion(公馆)designedbyJohnRussellPope.Skylandshas96acresofformalandnaturalizedgardensandissurroundedbyover1,000acresofmeadows(草坪)andwoodlands.PurchasedbytheStatein1966andofficiallynamedastheNewJerseyBotanicalGardenin1984,thegardenscontainapproximately5,000speciesandvarietiesoftreesandflowers.Foryou,theNJBGisanexcitingandbeautifulplacetovisitwhereyoumayenjoyeachseason’sbest.Membersenjoyspecialevents,festivals,lectures,andrewardingeducationalopportunitiesforbothcityandcountrygardeners.YourNJBGmembershipoffersyoudiscountsatparticipatingnurseries,gardencentersandotherfinebusinesses.SimplypresentyourNJBGmembershipcardwhenbeginningyourpurchase:·GoffleBrookFarmandGardenCenter,(201)652-754010%offyourpurchase·MetropolitanPlantExchange,(973)638-761312%offyourpurchase·Rohsler’sAllendaleNursery&Florist,(201)327-315615%offyourpurchase21.TheNJBGmembershipdollarscanbeusedto___________.A.offerfurthereducation B.updateonlinepaymentC.providebetterservice D.protecttheenvironment22.TojoinNJBGmembership,youcancallitsofficeat___________.A.(201)327-3156 B.(201)652-7540C.(973)962-9534 D.(973)638-761323.Torenewtheone-yearmembershipforyourparents,youneedtopay___________.A.$50 B.$60C.$80 D.$10024.NewJerseyBotanicalGarden___________.A.wasofficiallynamedin1966B.wasdesignedbyJohnRussellPopeC.invitesmemberstoorganizeactivitiesDgivesmembersdiscountsfortheirpurchase【答案】21.C22.C23.A24.D【解析】【分析】本文是一则广告，文章介绍了办理NJBG会员的费用、程序、联系方式和好处。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的YourmembershipdollarshelptoimprovetheGarden,andprovideeducationalandrecreational(娱乐的)activitiesforthegeneralpublic.可知，你的会员美元有助于改善花园，并为公众提供教育和娱乐活动。由此可知，NJBG会员美元可以用来提供更好的服务。故C项正确。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段Ifyouprefertojoinbyphoneormail,calltheNJBGofficeat(973)962-9534ordownloadandsendinourmembershipbrochure(AdobeAcrobatPDFfile).可知，如果您想通过电话或邮件加入，请致电NJBG办公室(973)962-9534或下载并发送我们的会员手册（AdobeAcrobatPDF文件）。故C项正确。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据RenewYourMembership表格中AnnualDues一栏对应的Dual数值是$50可知，为父母续签一年的会员资格需要花费$50。故A项正确。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据最后部分中10%offyourpurchase，12%offyourpurchase和15%offyourpurchase可知，新泽西植物园在会员购买时能够打折。故D项正确。【点睛】细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。本文是一篇广告，介绍了办理NJBG会员的费用、程序、联系方式和好处。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如forexample,first,second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题4根据PurchasedbytheStatein1966andofficiallynamedastheNewJerseyBotanicalGardenin1984,可知，新泽西植物园被官方命名的时间是1984年，A项错误。根据Itisfamousfora44-roomTudorRevivalgranitemansion(公馆)designedbyJohnRussellPope.可知，JohnRussellPope设计的是TudorRevivalgranitemansion不是新泽西植物园，B项错误。根据Membersenjoyspecialevents,festivals,lectures,andrewardingeducationalopportunitiesforbothcityandcountrygardeners可知，会员们可以在新泽西植物园参加活动，而不是组织活动。C项错误。根据最后部分中10%offyourpurchase，12%offyourpurchase和15%offyourpurchase可知，新泽西植物园在会员购买时能够打折，故D项正确。BJohnOtwayJohnOtwayhasbeenplayingmusicandmakingrecordsintheUKformorethan40years.Overtheyearshehasreleasedmorethantenalbums.Hehasplayedhundredsofconcerts.Hehaswrittentwoautobiographies.Hehasworkedwithsomeofthecountry’sbestmusiciansandhehasevenmadeafilmabouthislife.Butdespiteallofthis,mostpeoplehaveneverheardofhim.Otwayreleasedhisfirstrecordin1972,butitwasthePunkMovementafewyearslaterthatreallygavehimhisbigchance.Otwaywasn’tthegreatestmusicianbuthissongswerealwaysfun,andhisperformancesonstagewerealwaysentertaining-therewasagoodchancehewouldfalloffthestageatleastonceineachshow.Thepunkslikedhim,andin1977hehadasmallhitwhenhissingleReallyFreemadeittoNo.27intheUKtop40charts.Otwayreallyenjoyedhissuccessbutunfortunately,nomorecame.Notoneofhisrecordsoverthenext30yearswasahit.Althoughheneverhadmuchcommercialsuccess,Otwayhadalotofveryloyalfans.Whensomeoneaskedhimwhathewouldlikeforhis50thbirthday,hisreplywas:“Asecondhit.”HisfanswentoutandboughtasmanycopiesofthenewsingleBunsenBurnerastheycould.AndinOctober2002,Otwayfinallysawhiswishcometrue.InachartthatfeaturedinternationalsuperstarslikePink,WillYoungandOasis,BunsenBurnermadeittoNo.9.Manyhighstreetshopsrefusedtoselltherecord,sayingthatOtwaywastoooldandunattractivefortheteenagemarket.Otwaydidn’tcare.HecelebratedhissuccesswithanappearanceonTV’sbiggestmusicshowTopofthePops.ThesedaysJohnOtwaycontinuestoplayhismusicaroundthecountry,andtherearealwaysplentyofpeoplewhoarehappytogoandwatchhimperform.He’sagreatexampleforanyonewholovesmakingmusic.Youdon’thavetobeyoung,good-looking(orevenverytalented)toenjoyalongcareerinthemusicbusiness.25.Fromparagraph1,weknowthat________.A.JohnOtwayhasreleasedhundredsofalbumsB.JohnOtwayneverworkedwithbestmusiciansC.JohnOtwayhaswrittenhundredsofautobiographiesD.JohnOtwayisnotwell-knownintheUKasamusician26.JohnOtwaysawhiswishcometruewhenhereleased________.A.ReallyFree B.BunsenBurnerC.TopofthePops D.hisfirstrecord27.WhyweresomestreetshopsunwillingtosellhissingleBunsenBurner?A.Theythoughtitwasterrible.B.Itwasn’taverybighit.C.JohnOtwaydidn’twantthemtohaveit.D.Theythoughtteenagerswouldnotliketobuyit.28Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Musicianshavetobeyoungandattractive.BSuccessisn’timportantinourlife.C.Weshouldbedeterminedtodowhatwelove.D.Musiciansdomuchbetterastheygetolder.【答案】25.D26.B27.D28.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国音乐家JohnOtway虽然在英国演奏音乐和制作唱片超过40年，但是毫无名气。文章说明了JohnOtway从事音乐家以来的事迹，虽然JohnOtway没有名气但是他忠于自己喜爱的事业没有放弃。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中Butdespiteallofthis,mostpeoplehaveneverheardofhim.可知尽管如此，大多数人从未听说过他。由此可知，JohnOtway在英国作为音乐家并不出名。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中HisfanswentoutandboughtasmanycopiesofthenewsingleBunsenBurnerastheycould.AndinOctober2002,Otwayfinallysawhiswishcometrue.可知他的粉丝们出去买了尽可能多的BunsenBurner专辑。2002年10月，Otway的愿望终于实现了。由此可知，当JohnOtway发布BunsenBurner专辑后，他的愿望实现了。故选B。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Manyhighstreetshopsrefusedtoselltherecord,sayingthatOtwaywastoooldandunattractivefortheteenagemarket.可知许多商业街的商店拒绝出售这张唱片，说奥特威唱片太老了，对青少年市场没有吸引力。由此可知，一些街头商店不愿意卖他的BunsenBurner专辑，因为他们认为青少年不会愿意买。故选D。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容主要讲述了英国音乐家JohnOtway虽然在英国演奏音乐和制作唱片超过40年，但是毫无名气。文章说明了JohnOtway从事音乐家以来的事迹，虽然JohnOtway没有名气但是他忠于自己喜爱的事业没有放弃。可知由此可推知，从这篇文章中我们能了解到，我们应该下定决心去做我们喜欢做的事。故选C。CGarbagecansarenotmagicalopenings.Garbagedoesnotdisappearwhenyouthrowitinacan.Yet,theaverageAmericanthrowsawayabout1,600poundsofwasteeachyear.Iftherearenomagicalgarbagefairies,wheredoesitallgo?Therearefourmethodsofmanagingwaste:recycling,landfilling,composting,andincinerating.Eachmethodhasitsstrengthsandweaknesses.Let'stakeaquicklookateach.Recyclingistheprocessofturningwasteintonewmaterials.Forexample,usedpapercanbeturnedintopaperboard,whichcanbeusedtomakebookcovers.Recyclingcanreducepollution,savematerials,andlowerenergyuse.Yet,somearguethatrecyclingwastesenergy.Theybelievethatcollecting,processing,andconvertingwasteusesmoreenergythanitsaves.Still,mostpeopleagreethatrecyclingisbetterfortheplanetthanlandfilling.Landfillingistheoldestmethodofmanagingwaste.Initssimplestform,landfillingiswhenpeopleburygarbageinahole.Overtimethepracticeoflandfillinghasadvanced.Garbageissqueezed(挤压)togetherbeforeitisthrownintothehole.Inthiswaymoregarbagecanfitineachlandfill.Largelinersareplacedinthebottomoflandfillssothatpoisonousgarbageliquiddoesn'tgetintothegroundwater.Sadly,theselinersdon'talwayswork.Landfillsmaypollutethelocalwatersupply.Nottomentionthatallofthatgarbagesmellshorrible.Nobodywantstolivenexttoalandfill.Thismakesithardtofindnewlocationsforlandfills.Becauseofallthenegativeattentionthatlandfillinghasreceived,interestincompostinghasgrown.Compostingiswhenpeoplepileuporganicmatter,suchasfoodwaste,andallowittodecompose.Theproductofthisdecompositioniscompost.Compostcanbeaddedtothesoiltomakethesoilricherandbetterforgrowingcrops.Onethingthatiseasiertodoisburninggarbage.Therearetwomainwaystoincineratewaste.Thefirstistocreateorharvestafuelfromthewaste,suchasmethanegas(沼气),andburnthefuel.Thesecondistoburnthewastedirectly.Theheatfromtheincinerationprocesscanboilwater,whichcanpowersteamgenerators.Unfortunately,burninggarbagepollutestheair.Also,somecriticsworrythatincineratorsdestroyvaluableresourcesthatcouldberecycled.Usually,thecommunityinwhichyoulivemanageswaste.Onceyouputyourgarbageinthatcan,whathappenstoitisbeyondyourcontrol.Butyoucanmakechoiceswhileitisstillinyourhands.Youcanchoosetorecycle,youcanchoosetocompost,oryoucanchoosetoletsomeoneelsedealwithit.Thechoiceisyours.29.Whydoestheauthormentionmagicalgarbagefairiesinthefirstparagraph?A.Tocreativelysupporthisargumentwithevidence.B.Topointoutthatgarbagedoesn'tdisappearbyitself.C.Tomakethelanguagemoreattractivetopleasereaders.D.Todrawattentiontodifferentkindsofgarbagethrownaway.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Somethinkrecyclingisawasteoftime.B.Incinerationmaydestroyrecyclableresources.C.Findingnewlocationsisthefocusoflandfilling.D.Thepurposeofacompostpileistomakesoilrich.31.Accordingtothepassage,landfilling_____________________.A.involvesburyinggarbageinahole B.reducesthehorriblesmellsC.squeezesgarbagetogether D.protectsgroundwater32.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Magic:BringingBackWhatWasOnceLostB.Dealwiththegarbage:WhichisBestforYou?C.MethodsofWasteManagement:AdvantagesandDisadvantagesD.DoYourPart:HowtoSavetheEarthbyRecyclingandComposting【答案】29.B30.B31.A32.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了垃圾处理的四种方法及其优缺点。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Iftherearenomagicalgarbagefairies,wheredoesitallgo?Garbagedoesnotdisappearwhenyouthrowitinacan.（如果没有魔法垃圾仙子，它们都去哪了?你把垃圾扔进垃圾桶它是不会消失的）”可推断，作者提出魔法垃圾仙子为了指出垃圾不会自己消失，从而引出下文垃圾的四种处理方式。故选B项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Also,somecriticsworrythatincineratorsdestroyvaluableresourcesthatcouldberecycled.（此外，一些批评人士担心焚烧炉会破坏有价值的可回收资源。）”可知，焚烧垃圾会破坏有价值的可回收资源。故选B项。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Initssimplestform,landfillingiswhenpeopleburygarbageinahole.（最简单的填埋方式就是人们把垃圾埋在一个洞里。）”可知，填埋就是把垃圾埋在一个洞里。故选A项。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Therearefourmethodsofmanagingwaste:recycling,landfilling,composting,andincinerating.Eachmethodhasitsstrengthsandweaknesses.（有四种处理废物的方法：回收、填埋、堆肥和焚烧。每种方法都有其优缺点。让我们快速浏览一下每一个。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了垃圾处理的四种方法及其优缺点。C项“处理垃圾的方法：优点和缺点”课作为本文标题。故选C项。DAnewstudypublishedinthe

NationalAcademyofSciencesprovidesameasureofhowfar“deepfake”technologyhasprogressed.Theresultssuggestthatrealhumanscaneasilyfallformachine-generatedfaces.“WefoundthatAI-generatedfacesarehighlyrealistic,”saysstudyco-authorHanyFarid,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Theresultraisesconcernsthat“thesefacescouldbehighlyeffectivewhenusedforcriminalpurposes.”Thesynthetic(合成的)facesforthisstudyweredevelopedinback-and-forthinteractionsbetweentwoneuralnetworks.Oneofthenetworks,calledagenerator,producedanevolvingseriesofsyntheticfaceslikeastudentworkingprogressivelythroughroughdrafts.Theothernetwork,knownasadiscriminator,trainedonrealimagesandthengradedthegeneratedoutputbycomparingitwithdataonactualfaces.Thegeneratorbegantheexercisewithrandompixels(像素).Withfeedbackfromthediscriminator,itgraduallyproducedrealistichumanlikefaces.Ultimately,thediscriminatorwasunabletotellarealfacefromafakeone.Aftercollecting400realfacesmatchedto400syntheticversions,theresearchersasked315peopletoseparaterealfromfakeamongaselectionof128oftheimages.Anothergroupof219participantsgotsometrainingandfeedbackabouthowtospotfakesastheytriedtoseparatethefaces.Thefirstgroupdidnotdobetterthanacointossattellingrealfacesfromfakeones,withanaverageaccuracyof48.2percent.Thesecondgroupfailedtoshowdramaticimprovement,receivingonlyabout59percent,evenwithfeedbackaboutthoseparticipants’choices.Theresearcherswerenotexpectingtheseresults.Thefindingaddstoconcernsabouttheaccessibilityoftechnologythatmakesitpossibleforjustaboutanyonetocreatemisleadingstillimages.Anotherconcernisthatsuchfindingswillcreatetheimpressionthatdeepfakeswillbecomecompletelyundetectableandasaresult,scientistsmightgiveupontryingtodevelopcountermeasures(对策)todeepfakes.Theresearchersendwithastraightforwardconclusionafteremphasizingthatmisleadingusesofdeepfakeswillcontinuetoposeathreat:“We,therefore,encouragethosedevelopingthesetechnologiestoconsiderwhethertheassociatedrisksaregreaterthantheirbenefits.Ifso,thenwediscouragethedevelopmentoftechnologysimplybecauseitispossible.”33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theexamplesofdeepfaketechnology.B.Thedifferencesbetweenthetwonetworks.C.Thewaytotellarealfacefromafakeone.D.Theprocessofproducingthesyntheticfaces.34.Takingadvantageofdeepfaketechnology,humansmay_______.A.createrealfaces B.spotfakeimagesC.commitvariouscrimes D.makedetectivetools35.Accordingtothepassage,thefindingsofthestudy_______.A.mightinspirescientiststodevelopcountermeasurestodeepfakesB.provedtrainingcouldhelpparticipantstotellrealfromfakegreatlyC.matchedtheresearchers’expectationsofpeople’sabilitytospotfakesD.showedhumanscouldeasilybemisguidedbymachine-generatedfaces36.Howdotheresearchersfeelaboutdeepfaketechnology?A.Excited. B.Concerned. C.Disappointed. D.Confused.【答案】33.D34.C35.D36.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是美国国家科学院(NationalAcademyofSciences)发表的一项新研究为“深度造假”技术的发展提供了一个衡量标准。研究结果表明，真实的人类很容易被机器生成的面孔所迷惑。【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Thesyntheticfacesforthisstudyweredevelopedinback-and-forthinteractionsbetweentwoneuralnetworks.Oneofthenetworks,calledagenerator,producedanevolvingseriesofsyntheticfaceslikeastudentworkingprogressivelythroughroughdrafts.Theothernetwork,knownasadiscriminator,trainedonrealimagesandthengradedthegeneratedoutputbycomparingitwithdataonactualfaces.(该研究的合成人脸是在两个神经网络之间的来回交互中开发的。其中一个被称为“生成器”的网络产生了一系列不断进化的合成面孔，就像一个学生逐步完成草稿一样。另一个网络被称为鉴别器，它以真实的图像为训练对象，然后通过与真实面孔的数据进行比较，对生成的输出进行分级)”可知，第二段主要讲的是合成人脸的生产过程。故选D。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Theresultraisesconcernsthat“thesefacescouldbehighlyeffectivewhenusedforcriminalpurposes.”(这一结果引发了人们的担忧，即“这些人脸在用于犯罪目的时可能非常有效。”)”可知，利用深度造假技术，人类可能犯下各种罪行，故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Thefirstgroupdidnotdobetterthanacointossattellingrealfacesfromfakeones,withanaverageaccuracyof48.2percent.Thesecondgroupfailedtoshowdramaticimprovement,receivingonlyabout59percent,evenwithfeedbackaboutthoseparticipants’choices.(第一组在辨别真假面孔方面的表现并不比扔硬币好，平均准确率为48.2%。第二组没有表现出显著的改善，只有大约59%的准确率，即使是获得了关于参与者的选择的反馈)”可知，根据文章，这项研究的发现表明人类很容易被机器生成的面孔误导，故选D。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Thefindingaddstoconcernsabouttheaccessibilityoftechnologythatmakesitpossibleforjustaboutanyonetocreatemisleadingstillimages.Anotherconcernisthatsuchfindingswillcreatetheimpressionthatdeepfakeswillbecomecompletelyundetectableandasaresult,scientistsmightgiveupontryingtodevelopcountermeasurestodeepfakes.(这一发现增加了人们对技术可用性的担忧，因为几乎任何人都有可能制造出具有误导性的静止图像。另一个担忧是，这样的发现会给人留下这样的印象，即深度造假将完全无法被探测到，因此，科学家可能会放弃尝试开发应对深度造假的对策)”可知，研究人员对深度造假技术的态度是担心的，故选B。第二节阅读与表达：（共4小题，每小题2分，满分8分）阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。Everyyearmoreofustryandreduceourimpactontheplanet.Arefillshop,orzerowasteshop,givesyouachoicetogogreen.Refillshopstendtobesmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.Mostofthetimetheywillbedryoneslikericeandnutsproduceddirectlyinthelocalsites,whichmeanslesscarbonfootprintfromfarmtoplate.Theycanalsobemanyothersustainable(可持续的)products,likerefillcleaningproductsandsoaps.Shoppersonlyneedtobringcontainerstheyalreadyownandrefillthemfromlargercontainersinthestore.Refillandzero-wasteshopsareusuallylocatedincommunities.Buyingfromwithinwalkingdistance,clearly,ismoresustainableandkindertotheplanet,andyourcommunity.Ifyou’rewalkingdownthestreettoyourlocalrefillshop,thenyou’redoinggreatbutifyou’redrivinghoursawaytofindyourclosestshop,thenthetransportmaycanceloutanybenefitsofwhatyoubuy.Remember,it’sthewholeprocessnotjusttheendproduct.Perhapsthemostsignificantaspectofshoppingatlocalrefillshopsisthattheyencourageustothinkaboutourconsumer(消费)habits.Theymakeuspauseandthinkabouthowwecanmakepositivechangesfortheenvironment.Ifyoucanshoplocalandfromindependentrefillshops,thenyoushould.Itdoesn’thavetobeallthetimebutminimizingwasteandchoosingrefillswhereyoucanwillmakeapositivedifference.37.Whatarerefillshops?(不超过12词)________________________________________________________________________________38.Whatisthemostimportantvalueofrefillshopping?(不超过20词)________________________________________________________________________________39.Whyarerefillshopsbuiltincommunitieswithinwalkingdistance?(不超过7个单词)________________________________________________________________________________40.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(不超过3个单词)________________________________________________________________________________【答案】37.Refillshopsaresmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.38.Themostimportantvalueofrefillshoppingisthatitencouragesustothinkaboutourconsumerhabits.39.Becausethey’remoresustainableandenvironmentally-friendly.

40.Arefillshop/Zerowasteshop.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是零浪费店为环保所做出的努力和贡献。【37题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Refillshopstendtobesmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.(零浪费店往往是小型的，独立的商店，出售非包装商品。)”可知，零浪费店是出售非包装商品的小型独立商店。故答案是Refillshopsaresmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.【38题详解