新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第一册第一单元Toward a brighter future for all课文单词详解

Book1Unit1Book1Unit1PAGEPAGE10SectionA TextA Towardabrighterfutureforall1.Goodafternoon!Aspresidentoftheuniversity,Iamproudtowelcomeyoutothisuniversity.Yourachievementisthetriumphofyearsofhardwork,bothofyourownandofyourparentsandteachers.Hereattheuniversity,wepledgetomakeyoureducationalexperienceasrewardingaspossible.下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。你们所取得的成就是你我们承诺将使你们学有所成。Wordsandphraseachievement n somethingverygoodanddifficultthatyouhavesucceededindoing:e.g. AnOlympicsilvermedalisaremarkableachievementforonesoyoung.triumphn beingsuccessfulorvictorious成功,胜利triumphshoutsoftriumphgreatachievementorsuccess成功oneofthetriumphsofmodernsciencev. ~(oversb/sth)besuccessfulorvictorioustriumphoverone'sdifficulties 战胜困难pledgev~sth(tosb/sth)(fml)promisesolemnlytogive(support,etc);give(one'swordhonouretcasapledge保证给予（支持等）;以（誓言﹑）作担保:pledgeloyaltytotheking 发誓效忠国王bepledgedtokeepingasecret誓守秘密.~sb/oneself(tosth/todosth)promisesolemnlythatsb/onewilldosthorsupportacause,etc保证某人[自己]做某事或支持某事业等TheGovernmenthaspledgeditselftosendaidtothefaminevictims. 饥民.[Tn]leave(sth)withsbasapledge典当（某物）:He'spledgedhismother'sweddingring.[Tn](fml)drinktothehealthof(sb)toast(sb) 为（某人）的健康祝酒;向（某人祝酒:pledgethebride（新娘）andbridegroom（新郎）rewarding4.rewarding回报的

adj givingyousatisfactionpleasureorprofit值得的；有意义的；有Ourjourneytotheorphanage(孤儿院)wasaveryrewardingexperience.Antonym:unrewardingSynonym:satisfying5as...aspossible as+adj/adv+as;asadj +nas 尽力做某事的意思Wehavetorunasfastaspossible.Canyousayitasloudlyaspossible?Ihopeyou’llstayaslongaspossible.Weneedasmanyapplesaspossible.Youmustcomebackassoonaspossible.Wordformationnote:adjsuffix-ingadjsuffix-ing-ingtransitiveverbadj，主要用于表示事物的性质或特征，或welcomingcharmingdiscouraging,disgustingfrighteningalarming,surprising等。例如：awelcomingsmile热情的微笑acharminghouseontheoutskirtsofthetown在城镇郊外的一栋漂亮的房子analarmingincreaseinhousingprice房价的惊人增长Asurprisingnumberofmenstaybachelors.有相当多的男子仍然是单身。-ingintransitiveverb之后，构成adj，表示某事或某人仍然处于某种状态。例如：arecurringproblem反复出现的问题hisagingmother他那日渐苍老的母亲Heworehishairintheprevailingfashion.他的头发理的是当时盛行的发型。Paraphrase1Yourachievementisthetriumphofyearsofhardwork,bothofyourownandofyourparentsandteachers.Meaning:Yourenteringthisuniversityisanimportantsuccess.Thissuccessisduetomanyyearsofyourhardwork,andmanyyearsofyourparents’andteachers’hardwork.2Hereattheuniversity,wepledgetomakeyoureducationalexperienceasrewardingaspossible.Meaning:Hereattheuniversity,wepromisetomakeyoureducationalexperienceasworthwhileaspossible.2. Inwelcomingyoutotheuniversity,Iamremindedofmyownhighschoolgraduationandthephotographmymomtookofmydadandme."Posenaturally,"Mominstructedus."Wait!"saidDad,"Let'stakeapictureofmehandinghimanalarmclock."Theclockwokemeupeverymorningincollege.Itisstillonmyofficedesk.在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍,的桌子上。Wordsandphraseremind v inform(sbofafactortell(sbtodosthhemayhaveforgotten提醒:DoIhavetoremindyouyetagain?Remindmetoanswerthatletter.~sbofsb/sth causesbtorememberorbenewlyawareofsb/sth使某人回想起或意识到某人[某事物]:Heremindsmeofhisbrother.ThissongremindsmeofFrance.reminder n sth.thatmakesyounotice,remember,orthinkaboutsth. 的东西Thecoldservedasareminderthatwinterwasn’tquitefinished.Thewaiterswereclearingthetables,whichservedasareminderthatitwastimetoleave.pose v[IIpr~(forsbsitorstandinaparticularpositioninordertobepainteddrawnorphotographed摆好姿势（以便画像或拍照）:Hehadtoposewearingalaurelwreath.他得摆好戴着月桂花冠的姿势.*[Tnput(sbinaparticularpositioninordertopaintdraworphotographhim（某人）摆好姿势（以便画像或拍照）:Theartistposedhismodelcarefully.那位画家仔细摆好模特儿的姿势.(derog贬behaveinanunnaturaloraffectedwayinordertoimpresspeople装腔作势Stopposingandtelluswhatyoureallythink.别装蒜啦,告诉我们你的真实想法吧.posenpositioninwhichapersonposesorisposed(pose1b)（为画像或拍照而摆的姿势,姿态:Sheadoptedanelegantpose.她摆了一个优美的姿势.(derog贬unnaturaloraffectedwayofbehavingintendedtoimpresspeople装腔作势的举动Hisconcernforthepoorisonlyapose.他对穷人的关心只不过是做做样子罢了.Paraphrase1Inwelcomingyoutotheuniversity,Iamremindedofmyownhighschoolgraduationandthephotographmymomtookofmydadandme.(Para.2)Meaning:WhenIamwelcomingyoutothisuniversity,somethingIrememberismyownhighschoolgraduationandthephotomymomtookofmydadandme.Letmesharewithyousomethingthatyoumaynotexpect.Youwillmissyouroldroutinesandyourparents'reminderstoworkhardandattainyourbest.Youmayhavecriedtearsofjoytobefinallyfinishedwithhighschool,andyourparentsmayhavecriedtearsofjoytobefinallyfinishedwithdoingyourlaundry!Butknowthis:Thefutureisbuiltonastrongfoundationofthepast.让我来告诉你们一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜未来是建立在过去扎实的基础上的。Wordsandphraseroutine n [CUfixedandregularwayofdoingthings程序;公事;常规:Shefounditdifficulttoestablishanewroutineafterretirement.dosthasamatterofroutine按常规办事[attrib作定语routinetaskschoresdutiesetc日常工作﹑﹑.[C]setsequenceofmovementsinadanceorsomeotherperformance 成套动作gothroughadanceroutine.routine adj usualhabitualregular通常的;惯例的;例行的:theroutineprocedure*routinemaintenance定期的保养*routinely adv.attain v [Tn]succeedingetting(sth)achieveattainapositionofpower获得权位attainone'sgoal,objective,ambition,etcattainourtargetof50000达到我们的50000英镑的目.attainable adj thatcanbeattainedTheseobjectivesarecertainlyattainable.attainmentn [Usuccessinreaching达到;到达:Theattainmentofherambitionswasstilladream.她要实现抱负仍是一种梦想.[Cusupl]thingattained,espskillorknowledge成就;造诣:ascholarofthehighestattainments.finished adj[pred] (notbeforenoun)nolongerdoing,dealingwith,orusingsth.~(withsb/sth)(infml口)Iwon'tbefinishedforanotherhour.我还有一个小时才能完事.Areyoufinishedwithmytoolsyet?我的工具你用完了吗？Shedecidedshewasfinishedwithworkingforothers.她决定不再为别人做事.mayhavedonesth.: usedfortalkingaboutpastpossibilitiesShemighthavechangedhermindanddecidednottocome.foundation n[U]actoffounding(aninstitution,organization,etc)建立,创立,创办:thefoundationoftheuniversity[C](a)(organizationsetuptoprovide)sumsofmoneyforresearch,charity,etc（为研究﹑慈善事业等提供的）基金,基金会:Youmaybeabletogetsupportfromanartsfoundation.[Cusupl]layerofbricks,concrete,etcformingthesolidbaseofabuildingunderground地基;房基;基础:laythefoundationsofabuilding给建筑物奠基[C,U]principle,ideaorfactonwhichsthisbasedbasis （作为某事的）基本原则﹑思想或事实;基础:laythefoundationsofone'scareer奠定个人事业的基础*Thatrumorhasnofoundation. 那谣言没有事实根.Grammar一、情态动词用于对现在内容推测的常见句型有：1、Can/maydosth：表示对现在内容的可能性的推测；2、Mustdosth：表示对现在内容的肯定性的推测。二、情态动词用于对过去内容推荐的常见句型：1、can/mayhavedonesth：表示对过去内容的可能性；2、musthavedonemusthaverainedlastnightfortheroadiswet.Hemayhavegotlost.MrGreenmusthavefailedtoreceivemyletter,otherwisehewouldhavereplied.Ibelievehemusthavehadanaccident,otherwisehewouldhavearrivedontime.Collocationnote:do是最常见的表示“做”的动词。e.g. TodayIhavealotofworktodo.do常常和表示锻炼或劳动等方面的名词或动名词连用。e.g. dophysicalexercise/thedishes/one’scookingParaphraseYouwillmissyouroldroutinesandyourparents’reminde rstoworkhardandattainyourbest.(Para.3)Meaning:Youwillmissyourusuallifepatternsandyourparents’remindingwordsthatyoushouldworkhardandachievethebestyoucan.Youmayhavecriedtearsofjoytobefinallyfinishedwithhighschool,andyourparentsmayhavecriedtearsofjoytobefinallyfinishedwithdoingyourlaundry!(Para.3)Meaning:Perhapsyouweresohappythatyoucriedbecauseatlastyoufinishedhighschool,andperhapsyourparentsweresohappythattheycriedbecauseeventuallytheywouldn’thavetodoyourlaundryanymore!Note:Payattentiontothehumorthepresidentcreatesbycontrastingthedifferentresponsesfromchildrenandtheirparents—theyallcried,butfordifferentreasons!Butknowthis:Thefutureisbuiltonastrongfoundationofthepast.(Para.3)Meaning:Butyoushouldknowthatyourfuturecanonlybeattainedwhenitisbuiltonasolidpast.Foryou,thesenextfouryearswillbeatimeunlikeanyother.Hereyouaresurroundedbygreatresources:interestingstudentsfromalloverthecountry,alearnedand caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and organizationscoveringeverypossibleinterest—fromtheartstoscience,tocommunityserviceandsoon.Youwillhavethefreedomtoexploreandlearnaboutnewsubjects.Youwilllearntogetbyonverylittlesleep,meetfascinatingpeople,andpursuenewpassions.Iwanttoencourageyoutomakethemostofthisuniqueexperience,andtouseyourenergyandenthusiasmtoreapthebenefitsofthisopportunity.资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团——从文科社团到理科社殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。Wordsandphraseunlike adj [pred作表语]dissimilar;differentTheyaresounlikenobodywouldbelievetheyweresisters.prep differentfrom(sth)notlike与（某事物）;不像...:Herlatestnovelisquiteunlikeherearlierwork.resource n[Cusupl]supplyofrawmaterials,etcwhichbringacountry,person,etcwealth资源:richinnatural,mineral,agricultural,etcresources 自然的﹑矿产的﹑农业的...资源富(fmlingenuityorquickwitinitiative才智;;创造精神:amanofgreatresource足智多谋的男子.learneda.(fml.learnedpeoplehavealotofknowledgebecausetheyhavereadandstudiedalot有学问的；博学的MyadvisorisaverylearnedpersonandshecouldansweranyquestionIasked.caring: a. thinkingaboutwhatotherpeopleneedorwantandtryingtohelpthem关心他人的；乐于助人的Theschoolprovidesacaringenvironmentforstudents. 环境。faculty [Cusuallyplural] anaturalabilitytohear,see,think,moveetc:thefacultyofsight视力thementalfaculties智力[C]~of/fordoingsth aspecialabilitytodoaparticularthing做某事物的特殊才:haveagreatfacultyforlearninglanguages 有学习语言的才能.Shehasafacultyforinspiringconfidenceinpeople.(AmEalltheteachersofaparticularuniversityorcollege大学的全体教员.facultymembersfacility n[U,sing]abilitytolearnordothingseasily容易学好或做好事物的能力:have(a)greatfacilityfor(learning)languages有（学习）语言的天才Heplaysthepianowithsurprisingfacility.他弹奏钢琴神乎其技.facilities[pl]circumstances,equipment,etcthatmakeitpossible,oreasier,todosth;aids能够或易於做某事的环境﹑设备等;辅助物:`sportsfacilities运动设施facilitiesforstudy有助学习的设施medicalfacilitiescommunity n. [sing] the people living in one place, district or consideredasawhole社区;团体;集体;:workforthegoodofthecommunity为集体利益服务communityservice社会服务工作n.groupofpeopleofthesamereligion,race,occupation,etc,orwithsharedinterests宗教信仰﹑种族﹑职业等方面相同的人构成的集体:theChinesecommunityinParis在巴黎的华侨团体acommunityofmonks僧侣团体.getby(onsth) managetolive,survive,etc(usingthespecifiedresources);managecope（靠某物）;设法维持;对付:Howdoesshegetbyonsuchasmallsalary?Hegetsbyonverylittlemoney.on:prep.eatingordrinkingaparticulartypeoffoodordrinkinordertostayalive靠…生存Usingacaveasshelter,themansurvivedonwildberriesandrawfish. 这个人以ft洞住所，靠吃野果和生鱼活了下来。usingaparticulartypeoffuelorelectricalpowerinordertooperate靠…运行Whycan’twemakeacarthatrunsonwater? 汽车呢？fascinating adj extremelyinteresting:Thebookoffersafascinatingglimpseofthelivesoftherichandfamous.pursue v[Tn](fml) follow(sb/sth),espinordertocatchorkill;chasepursueawildanimal,athief(continueto)beoccupiedorbusywith(sth);goonwith 进行Shedecidedtopursueherstudiesafterobtainingherfirstdegree.Ihavedecidednottopursue(ieinvestigate)thematteranyfurther.12reapvtocutandcollectacrop,especiallycorn,fromafieldSowthewindand,reapthewhirlwind(saying 播种的是风,收割的是暴风startsththatseemsfairlyharmlessandhavetosufferunforeseenconsequencesthatareseriousordisastrous原无大害的事,後果却不堪设想.(figreceive(sthasaresultofone'sownorothersactions获得reaptherewardofyearsofstudy从多年研究中获得报偿ParaphraseForyou,thesenextfouryearswillbeatimeunlikeanyother.(Para.4)Meaning:Foryou,thenextfouryearsinuniversitywillbedifferentfromanyotherperiodoftimeinyourlife.Hereyouaresurroundedbygreatresources:interestingstudentsfromalloverthecountry,alearnedandcaringfaculty,acomprehensivelibrary,greatsportsfacilities,andstudentorganizationscoveringeverypossibleinterest—fromtheartstoscience,tocommunityserviceandsoon.(Para.4)Meaningbeyondwords:Herethepresidentisintroducingtostudentsthemanyresourcesavailableoncampus:interestingschoolmates,knowledgeableandhelpfulteachers,abiglibrary,greatsportsequipment,variousstudentorganizations,etc.Allthesewillhelpmakestudents’campuslifecolorfulandfulfilling.Youwillhavethefreedomtoexploreandlearnaboutnewsubjects.(Para.4)Meaning:Youwillhavethefreedomtoexamineandlearnaboutnewsubjects.Youwilllearntogetbyonverylittlesleep,meetfascinatingpeople,andpursuenewpassions.(Para.4)Meaning:Youwilllearntomanagewithverylittlesleep,meetveryinterestingpeople,andfindnewinterests.Iwanttoencourageyoutomakethemostofthisuniqueexperience,andtouseyourenergyandenthusiasmtoreapthebenefitsofthisopportunity.(Para.4)Meaning:Iwanttoencourageyoutodoallyoucantotakeadvantageofthisspecialexperience,andtouseyourenergyandpassiontobenefitfromthischance.Youmayfeeloverwhelmedbythewealthofcoursesavailabletoyou.Youwillnotbeabletoexperiencethemall,butsamplethemwidely!Collegeoffersmanythingstodoandtolearn,andeachofthemoffersadifferentwaytoseetheworld.IfIcouldgiveyouonlyonepiece ofadviceaboutselectingcourses,itwouldbethis:Challengeyourself!Don'tassumethatyouknowinadvancewhatfieldswillinterestyouthemost.Takesomecoursesinfieldsyou'venevertriedbefore.Youwillnotonlyemergeasamorebroadlyeducatedperson,butyouwillalsostandabetterchanceofdiscoveringanunsuspectedpassionthatwillhelptoshapeyourfuture.Awonderfulexampleofthisisthefashiondesigner,VeraWang,whooriginallystudiedarthistory.Overtime,Wangpairedherstudiesinarthistorywithherloveoffashionandturneditintoapassionfordesign,whichmadeherafamousdesigneraroundtheworld.overwhelm v [Tnusupassive] cover(sth/sb)completelybyflowingoverorpouringdownonit/him（以浇或灌的方式）淹没Agreatmassofwateroverwhelmedthevillage.大水淹没了村庄.(fig)beoverwhelmedwithgrief,sorrow,despair,etc陷入悲哀﹑悲痛﹑绝望等之中(fig)Overwhelmedwithgratitude 感激万分(boverpower(sb/sth)espbyforceofnumbersdefeat压倒,（以数量胜:beoverwhelmedbytheenemyoverwhelmingadj [attribtoogreattoresistorovercomeverygreat压倒一切的无法抗拒的;巨大的:anoverwhelmingurgetosmoke不可遏止的吸烟冲动anoverwhelmingvictory极大的胜利theoverwhelmingmajorityofpeople .wealth n [U](possessionofa)largeamountofmoney,propertyetcriches 财富Wealthhadnotbroughtthemhappiness.[sing]~ofsth largeamountornumberofsthabundanceofsth大量,众多,abookwithawealthofillustrations有大量插图的书awealthofopportunitywealthy adj(-ier,-iest) wealthily adv.available adj [notusuallybeforenoun (ofthings)thatcanbeusedorobtainedYouwillbeinformedwhenthebookbecomesavailable.这本书有货时就通知你.Thereisnomoneyavailableforthisproject.(ofpeople)freetobeseen,talkedto,etcI'mavailableintheafternoon.我下午有空availability n[U].samplen ;样品;标本sampleabloodsample血样Thesurveycoversarepresentativesampleofthepopulation这项调查涉及到社会各阶层的人士.smallamountofaproductgivenawayfree;赠样:handoutfreesamplesoftheperfume送出香水的赠样asamplepack,sachet,etc馈赠的小包﹑小袋等样品.v tryoutorexamine(sthbytakingasampleorbyexperiencingit抽样检查samplethedelightsofChinesefood品尝中国美食assume v accept(sthastruebeforethereisproof;假设;;以为:Iamassumingthatthepresentsituationisgoingtocontinue.putonordisplay(sth)falsely;pretend装作;装出;假装:assumeignoranceindifferenceanairofconcernetc假装不知情//关心begintoactinorexercise(sth)undertaketakeon开始从事;承担;;呈:assumeoffice就职Heassumeshisnewresponsibilitiesnextmonth.他下月承担新任务.standachance(ofsth/ofdoingsth) haveachanceof(achieving)sthHestandsa(good/fair)chanceofpassingtheexamination.他考试及格很有希.suspect v tothinkorbelievesomethingtobetrueorprobableMostpeopledon't,Isuspect,realizethis.Whatshesaidsoundedconvincing,butIsuspectittobealie.feeldoubtabout(sth);mistrustIsuspectthetruthofherstatement.~sb(ofsth/doingsth)feelthatsbisguiltyofsth,withoutcertainproofWhatmadeyoususpectherofhavingtakenthemoney?unsuspected adjective notknownorthoughttoexist:anunsuspectedtalent/complication/problem/illnessovertime graduallyForgoodorbad,thingswillchangeovertime.Hereattheuniversity,itmaynotalwaysbepleasanttohavesomanynewexperiencesallatonce.Inyourdorm,thestudentnextdoormayrepeatedlyplaytheonesong,whichgivesyouagiantheadache!Youmaybeanearlybirdwhileyourroommateisanightowl!Andstill,youandyourroommatemaybecomebestfriends.Don'tworryifyoubecomealittleuncomfortablewithsomeofyournewexperiences.Ipromiseyouthatthehappyexperienceswilloutweightheunpleasantones.AndIpromisethatvirtuallyallofthemwillprovideyouwithvaluablelessonswhichwillenrichyourlife.So,withaglowinyoureyeandasonginyourheart,stepforwardtomeetthesenewexperiences!在大学里一下子拥有这么多新鲜体验可能不会总是令人愉快的。在你的宿舍楼里住在你隔壁寝室的同学可能会反复播放同一首歌令你头痛欲裂！你可能喜欢早起而你的室友却是个夜猫子！尽管如此，你和你的室友仍然可能成为最要好的朋友。如果有些新的经历让你感觉不那么舒心不要担心。我保证快乐的经历会多于不快的经历。而且我保证几乎所有这些经历都会给你带来宝贵的经验教训从而使你的生活更加丰富多彩。所以带着热切的目光和欢乐的心情去拥抱这些新的体验吧earlybird INFORMA