直接引语和间接引语讲义

第一专题直接引语和间接引语重点与难点：1.人称的变化2.时态的变化3．其他的变化：时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和个别动词也根据情况作相应的变化。陈述语序特殊情况概念：弓I述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语(DirectSpeech),即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语(IndirectSpeech)，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。一、直接引语变间接引语陈述句的间接引语★要点：直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say,tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、_时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。Theforeignersaidtome,“IlikeBeijingverymuch.”fTheforeignertoldmethathe/shelikedBeijingverymuch.Shesaid,“Weareveryfondofsports.”f “I'llgooverthegrammarlessononceagain”,hesaid.f 疑问句的间接引语一般疑问句和反意疑问句★要点：一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if或whether，其主句动词常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow,didn'tknow等。句末不用问号。Myteacheraskedme,“DoyoulikeAmericancountrymusic?”f “Youhaven'tbeentoBeijing,haveyou?”askedhe.f 否定的一般疑问句和选择问句如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whether...or连接。Shesaid,“Don'tyouknowmytelephonenumber?”f DoyoulikethisoneorthatoneTomasked.fTomaskedmewhetherIlikedthisoneorthatone.特殊疑问句间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。Heasked,“Howdoyoulikeit?”f 祈使句的间接引语1.直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾语来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell,ask,order,command,request等词，句中please去掉。Shesaidtome,“Pleasehavearest.”f .“Don'tallansweratonce,”shesaidtothepupils.f 2.带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令），可用suggest+-ing形式或suggest+that从句来表示其相应的意思。“Let'sgoforawalk,”saidthegirl.fThegirlsuggestedgoingforawalk.Theteachersaid,“LetLilytidytheclassroom.”fTheteachersuggestedthatLilyshouldtidytheclassroom.感叹句的间接引语直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。“Whatacleverboyyouare!”myteachersaidtohim.fMyteachertoldhimwhatacleverboyhewas.fMyteachertoldhimthathewasaverycleverboy.Hesaid,“Howwellyoulook!”fHesaidhowwellIlooked.fHesaidthatIlookedverywell.二、间接引语中的词语变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时间和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的变化。A.时态的变化1.时态的变化①现在时间推移到过去时间直接弓语中的时态间接引语中的时态一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时现在完成进行时Theoldmansaid,“Ihavelivedinthisstreetsince1960.”f Hesaid,“Isitraining?”—>②过去时间推移到过去的过去直接弓语中的时态间接弓语中的时态一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时Shesaidtome,“Iwrotealettertomyparentsthreedaysago.”—> “Whatwereyoudoingatsevenp.m.yesterday?”heasked—>③将来时间推移到过去将来时间直接引语中的时态间接引语中的时态am/aregoingtodoWas/weregoingtodoIs/am/aretodoWas/weretodo“Wearetomeetattheschoolgate",shesaidtome.—> ★④间接引语中保持原来时态不变在下列情况下，间接引语中的谓语动词时态可以保持不变。主句为现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态保持不变。Hethinks,“Shewillbebackinamonth.”fHethinkshe inamonth.Hesays,“Ihaveacceptedherinvitation.”Hesayshe herinvitation.间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。Thegeographyteachersaidtothestudents,“Theearthmovesroundthesun.”fThegeographyteachertoldthestudentsthattheearth roundthesun.Hesaid,“Everydoghashisday.”fHesaidthateverydog hisday.间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语，仍可用一般过去时，不必改为过去完成时。Thegirlsaid,“Iwasbornin1978.”fThegirlsaidthatshe bornin1978.Shesaid,“Myteacherwasbusyyesterday.”fShesaidthatherteacher busyyesterday.B.代词的变化1•人称代词的变化当主句的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词不变。Isaid,“Youdidquitewellintheexamyesterday.”fIsaidthatyouhaddonequitewellintheexamthedaybefore.直接引语中主语是第一人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称与主句中的主语的人称一致。（一随主）HesaidtoTom,“I'lldomybesttocatchupwithothers.”fHetoldTomthathewoulddohisbesttocatchupwithothers.直接引语中主语是第二人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称和主句的宾语相一致。（二随宾）Hesaidtoher,“Wheredidyouputtheglasses?”fHeaskedherwhereshehadputtheglasses.提示：如果主句中无宾语，应根据语境或想象，自添适当的宾语；如果直接引语中有呼语，则将其改为间接引语的宾语。Motherasked,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”fMotheraskedmewhereIhadbeen.“Whyareyoulateagain,John?”theteacherasked.fTheteacheraskedJohnwhyhewaslateagain.直接引语中主语是第三人称时，在改为间接引语时不发生变化。（第三人称不更新）HesaidtoTom,“Shecanhelpthem.”fHetoldTomthatshecouldhelpthem.2．物主代词的变化“YOushouldnotoverlookyourfault,”Mumsaidtome.fMumtoldmethatIshouldnotoverlook fault.Thetwoboyssaid,“Wehavelostourdog."fThetwoboyssaidtheyhadlost dog.C.其他的变化：时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和个别动词也根据情况作相应的变化。直接引语间接引语例句nowthenHeaskedme,“Whatishedoingnow?"---Heaskedmewhathewasdoing .todaythatdayHeasked,“Wherewillyougotoday?---HeaskedmewhereIwouldgo .yesterdaythedaybeforeHesaid,“Ididityesterday：---Hesaidhehaddoneit .lastweektheweekbeforeHesaid,“Ididitlastweek."---Hesaidhehaddoneit .threedaysagothreedaysbeforeHesaid,“Ididittwodaysago."---Hesaidhehaddoneit .tomorrowthenextdayHesaid,“I'lldoittomorrow."---Hesaidhewolddoit .nextweekthenextweekHesaid,“I'lldoitnextweek."---Hesaidhewoulddoit ."herethereHesaidtome,“Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?"---HeaskedmehowlongIhadlived .thisthatHeaskedme,“Doyoulikethis?"---Heaskedme讦Iliked .thesethoseHeaskedme,“Whatarethese?"——Heaskedmewhat egoTomsaid,“I'llcomewithMary."---Tomsaidthathewould withMary.bringtakeMarysaid,"Bringabottleofwinehome,Tom."---MaryaskedTomto abottleofwinehome.

当直接引语变间引语时，地点状语here通常变为there。但如果说话人所在地点就是引述人所在地点，那么仍然使用here.Comehere,please,hesaid.fHeaskedmetocomehere.他叫我到这里来。（引述人地点不变）fHeaskedmetogothere.他叫我到那里去。（引述人地点发生变化）Heresheburstoutintoafloodoftears,hesaidtome.fHetoldmethatshehadburstoutintoafloodoftearsthere.他告诉我说，谈到那个地方她就放声大哭了起来。知识小结直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，一般要加引号。间接引语：用自己的话应用别人的话，不用引号。考点一、「不同句式的变化规则1陈述句佝号丿----that（可省略丿V2一般疑问句（问号丿----if/whether（…ornot）引导词］3特殊疑问句（问号丿---特殊疑问词（what/how开头丿4祈使句请求----ask/tellsb.（not）todosth.考点二、时态变化主句:一般现在时 从句:任何时态主句:主句:一般过去时从句:过去的某种时态考点三、间接引语的语序陈述句的语序主+谓+宾…考点四、人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等变化考点五、特殊情况巩固练习1．Hesaid:“I'veleftmybookinmyroom.”2．Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”3．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”4．Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”5．Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”6．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don'twasteyourtime.”7．Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”8．Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”9．Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”10．Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”11．Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.'12．Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.”13．Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”14．Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”15．Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.16．Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”17．Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.18．Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”19．Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”20．Shesaidtous,“I'llcomeheretomorrow.”21．“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked.22．“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily.23．“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.24．“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme.25．“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.单项选择Heasked forthecomputer.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.—Heaskedme .hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He me thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.—Hesaid .A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacherHesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”—He -verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoket