英语四级真题试卷附答案

作文Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying‘Learningisadailyexperienceandalifetimemission."Youcanciteexamplestoillustratetheimportanceoflifelonglearning.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethanbitterNovemberDecember(36)earlysnowandbone-chillingtemperaturesinmuchofthecountry,partofayearwhen,forthefirsttimeintwo(37),record-colddayswilllikelyturnouttohaveoutnumberedrecord-warmones.ButtheU.S.wastheexception;Novemberwasthewarmestever(38),andcurrentdataindicatesthat2013islikelytohavebeenthefourthhottestyearonrecord.Enjoythesnownow,because(39)aregoodthat2014willbeevenhotter,perhapsthehottestyearsincerecordshavebeenkept.That’sbecause,scientistsarepredicting,2014willbeanEINiuoyear.EIniuo,Spanishfor"thechild",(40)whensurfaceoceanwatersinthesouthernPacificbecomeabnormallywarm.SolargeisthePacific,covering30%oftheplanet’ssurface,thatthe(41)energygeneratedbyitswarmingisenoughtotouchoffaseriesofweatherchangesaroundtheworld.EINinosare(42)withabnormallydryconditionsinSoutheastAsiaandAustralia.TheycanleadtoextremeraininpartsofNorthandSouthAmerica,evenassouthernAfrica(43)dryweather.Marinelifemaybeaffectedtoo;EINinoscan(44)therisingofthecold,nutrient-rich(营养丰富的)waterthatsupportslargefish(45),andtheunusuallywarmoceantemperaturescandestroycoral(珊瑚).A)Lookingbackontoomanyyearsofeducation,Icanidentifyonetrulyimpossibleteacher.Shecaredaboutme,andintellectualIdidn’t.expectationswerehighimpossiblyso.ShewasanEnglishteacher.Shewasalsomymother.B)Whengoodstudentsturninanessay,theydreamofinstructorreturningsamecondition,saveforasinglewordaddedinthemarginofthefinalpage:"Flawless."Thisdreamcametrueformeoneafternoonintheninthgrade.Ofcourse,Ihadheardthatgeniuscouldshowitselfatanearlyage,soIwasonlyslightlytakenabackthatIhadachievedperfectionatthetenderageof14.Obviously,Ididwhatanyprofessionalwriterwoulddo;Ihurriedofftospreadthegoodnews.Ididn’tgetveryfar.ThefirstpersonItoldwasmymother.C)Mymother,whoisjustshyoffivefeettall,isnormallyincrediblysoft-spoken,butontherareoccasionwhenshegotangry,shewasterrifying.Iamnotsureifshewasmoreupsetbymyhubris(得意忘形)orbythefactthatmyEnglishteacherhadletmyegogetsooutofhand.Inanyevent,mymotherandherredpenshowedmehowdeeplyflawedaflawlessessaycouldbe.Atthetime,Iamsureshethoughtshewasteachingmeaboutmechanics,transitions(过渡),structure,styleandvoice.ButwhatIlearned,andwhatstuckwithmethroughmytimeteachingwritingatHarvard,wasadeeperlessonaboutthenatureofcreativecriticism.D)Fistoff,ithurts.Genuinecriticism,thetypethatleavesalastingmarkonyouasawriter,alsoleavesanexistentialimprint(印记)onyouasaperson.Ihaveheardpeoplesaythatawritershouldnevertakecriticismpersonally.Isaythatweshouldneverlistentothesepeople.E)Criticism,atitsbest,isdeeplypersonal,andgetstotheheartofwhywewritethewaywedo.Theintimatenatureofgenuinecriticismimpliessomethingaboutwhoisabletogiveit,namely,someonewhoknowsyouwellenoughtoshowyouhowyourmentallifeisgettinginthewayofgoodwriting.Conveniently,theyarealsothepeoplewhocareenoughtoseeyouthroughthispainfulrealization.Formeittooktheformofmyfirst,andIhopeonly,encounterwithwriter’sblock;Iwasnotabletoproduceanythingforthreeyears.F)FranzKafkaoncesaid:"Writingisuttersolitude(独处),thedescentintothecoldabyss(深渊)ofoneself."Mymother’scriticismhadshownmethatKafkaisrightaboutthecoldabyss,andwhenyoumaketheintrospective(内省的)decentthatwritingrequiresyouareoutalwayspleasedbywhatyoufind."But,intheyearsthatfollowed,hersustainedtutoringsuggestedthatKafkamightbewrongaboutthesolitude.Iwasluckyenoughtofindacriticandteacherwhowaswillingtomakethejourneyofwritingwithme.Itisathingofnogreatdifficulty,"accordingtoPlutarch,"toraiseobjectionsagainstanotherman’sspeech,itisaveryeasymatter;buttoproduceabetterinitsplaceisaworkextremelytroublesome."IamsureIwroteessaysinthelateryearsofhighschoolwithoutmymother’sguidance,butIcan’trecallthem.WhatIremember,however,ishowwetookupthe"extremelytroublesome"workofongoingcriticism.G)TherearetwowaystointerpretPlutarchwhenhesuggeststhatacriticshouldbeabletoproduce"abetterinitsplace."Inastraightforwardsense,hecouldmeanthatacriticmustbemoretalentedthantheartistshecritiques(评论).Mymotherwaswellcoveredonthiscount.ButperhapsPlutarchissuggestingsomethingslightlydifferent,somethingabitclosertoMarcusCicero’sclaimthatoneshould"criticizebycreation,notbyfindingfault."Genuinecriticismcreatesapreciousopeningforanauthortobecomebetteronthisownterms;aprocessthatisoftenextremelypainful,butalsoalmostalwaysmeaningful.H)Mymothersaidshewouldhelpmewithmywriting,butfistIhadmyself.Foreachassignment,IwaswritethebestessayIcould.Realcriticismisnotmeanttofindobviousmistakes,soifshefoundany;thetypeIcouldhavefoundonmyown;Ihadtostartfromscratch.Fromscratch.Oncetheessaywas"flawless,"shewouldtakeaneveningtowalkmethroughmyerrors.Thatwaswhentruecriticism,thetypethatchangedmeasaperson,began.I)ShecriticizedmewhenIincludedlittle-knownreferencesandprofessionaljargon(行话).Shehadnopatienceforbrilliantbutirrelevantfiguresofspeech."Writerscan’tbluff(虚张声势)theirwaythroughignorance."Thatwasnewstome;IwouldneedtofindanotherwaytostructuremydailyJ)Shetrimmedbackmyflowerylanguage,drewlinesthroughmyexclamationmarksandarguedforthevalueofrestraintinexpression."John,"shealmostwhispered.Ilearnedintohearher:"Ican’thearyouwhenyoushoutatme."SoIstoppedshoutingandbluffing,andslowlymywritingimproved.K)SomewherealongthewayIsetasidemyhopesofwritingIsomethingimportantinmymother’slessonsaboutcreativityandperfection.Perhapsthepointofwritingtheflawlessessaywasnottogiveup,buttoneverwillinglyfinish.Whitmanrepeatedlyreworded"SongofMyself"between1855and1891.Repeatedly.Wedoourabsolutebestwiryapieceofwriting,andcomeascloseaswecantotheideal.And,forthetimebeing,wesettle.Incritique,however,weareforcedtodepart,togiveuptheperfectionwethoughtwehadachievedforthechanceofbeingevenalittlebitbetter.ThisisthelessonItookfrommymother.Ifperfectionwerepossible,itwouldnotbemotivating.46.Theauthorwasadvisedagainsttheimproperuseoffiguresofspeech.47.Theauthor’smothertaughthimavaluablelessonbypointingoutlotsofflawsinhisseeminglyperfect48.Awritershouldpolishhiswritingrepeatedlysoastogetclosertoperfection.49.Writersmayexperienceperiodsoftimeintheirlifewhentheyjustcan’tproduceanything.50.Theauthorwasnotmuchsurprisedwhenhisschool51.Criticizingsomeone’sspeechissaidtobeeasierthancomingupwithabetterone.52.Theauthorlooksuponhismotherashismostdemandingandcaringinstructor.53.Thecriticismtheauthorreceivedfromhismotherchangedhimasaperson.54.Theauthorgraduallyimprovedhiswritingbyavoidingfactlanguage.55.Constructivecriticismgivesanauthoragoodstarttoimprovehiswriting.CouldyoureproduceSiliconValleyelsewhere,oristheresomethinguniqueaboutit?Itwouldn’tbesurprisingifitwerehardtoreproduceinothercountries,becauseyoucouldn’treproduceitinmostoftheUSeither.WhatdoesittaketomakeaSiliconValley?It’stherightpeople.IfyoucouldgettherighttenthousandpeopletomovefromSiliconValleytoBuffalo,BuffalowouldbecomeSiliconValley.YouonlyneedtwokindsofpeopletocreateatechnologyObservationbearsthisout.WithintheUS,townshavebecomestartuphubsifandonlyiftheyhavebothrichpeopleandnerds.FewstartupshappeninMiami,forexample,becausealthoughit’sfullofrichpeople,ithasfewnerds.It’snotthekindofplacenerdslike.WhereasPittsburghastheoppositeproblem:plentyofnerds,butnorichpeople.ThetopUSComputerSciencedepartmentsMIT,Stanford,Berkeley,andCarnegie-Mellon.MITyieldedRoute128.StanfordandBerkeleyyieldedSiliconValley.ButwhatdidCarnegie-MellonyieldinPittsburgh?AndwhathappenedinIthaca,homeofCornellUniversity,whichisalsohighonthelist.IgrewupinPittsburghandwenttocollegeatCornell,soIcananswerforboth.Theweatheristerrible,particularlyinwinter,andthere’snointerestingoldcitytomakeupforit,asthereisinBoston.Richpeopledon’twanttoliveinPittsburghorIthaca.Sowhilethereareplentyofhackers(电脑迷)whocouldstartstartups,there’snoonetoinvestinthem.Doyoureallyneedtherichpeople?Wouldn’titworktohavethegovernmentinvestthenerds?No,itwouldnot.Startupinvestorsareadistincttypeofrichpeople.Theytendtohavealotofexperiencethemselvesinthetechnologybusiness.Thishelpsthempicktherightstartups,andmeanstheycansupplyadviceandconnectionsaswellasmoney.Andthefactthattheyhaveapersonalstakeintheoutcomemakesthemreallypayattention.56.WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromtheA)Itssuccessishardtocopyanywhereelse.B)ItisthebiggesttechnologyhubintheUS.C)Itsfameinhightechnologyisincomparable.D)Itleadstheworldininformationtechnology.57.WhatmakesMiamiunfittoproduceaSiliconValley?A)Lackofincentiveforinvestments.B)Lackoftherightkindoftalents.C)Lackofgovernmentsupport.D)Lackoffamousuniversities.58.InthatwayisCarnegie-MellondifferentfromStanford,A)ItslocationisnotasattractivetorichpeopleB)ItssciencedepartmentarenotnearlyasgoodC)ItdoesnotproducecomputerhackersandnerdsD)Itdoesnotpaymuchattentiontobusinessstartups59.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutBoston?A)Ithaspleasantweatherallyearround.B)Itproduceswealthaswellashigh-techC)Itisnotlikelytoattractlotsofinvestorandnerds.D)Itisanoldcitywithmanysitesofhistoricalinterest.60.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstartupinvestors?A)Theyareespeciallywiseinmakinginvestments.B)Theyhavegoodconnectionsinthegovernment.C)Theycandomorethanprovidingmoney.D)Theyareenoughtoinvestinnerds.It’snicetohavepeopleoflikemindaround.Agreeablepeopleboostyourconfidenceandallowyoutorelaxandfeelcomfortable.Unfortunately,thatcomfortcanhindertheverylearningthatcanexpandyourcompanyandIt’snicetohavepeopleagree,butyouneedconflictingperspectivestodigoutthetruth.Ifeveryonearoundyouhassimilarviews,yourworkwillsufferfromconfirmationbias.(偏颇)Takealookatyourownnetwork.Doyoucontactsshareyourpointofviewonmostsubjects?Ityes,it’stimetoshakethingsup.Asaleader,itcanbechallengingtocreateanenvironmentinwhichpeoplewillfreelydisagreeandargue,butasthesayinggoes:Fromconfrontationcomesbrilliance.It’snoteasyformostpeopletoactivelyseekconflict.Manyspendtheirlivestryingtoavoidarguments.There’snoneedtogooutandfindpeopleyouhate,butyouneedtodosomeself-assessmenttodeterminewhereyouhavebecomestaleinyourthinking.Youmayneedtostartbyencouragingyourcurrentnetworktohelpyouidentifyyourblindspots.Passionate,energeticdebatedoesnotrequireangerandhardfeelingstobeeffective.Butitdoesrequiremoralstrength.Onceyouhaveworthingopponents,setsomegroundrulessoeveryoneunderstandsresponsibilitiesandboundaries.Theobjectiveofthisdebatinggameisnottowinbuttogettothetruththatwillallowyoutomovefaster,andbetter.Fiercedebatingcanhurtfeelings,particularlywhenstrongpersonalitiesareinvolved.Makesureyourcheckinwithyouropponentssothattheyarenotcarryingtheemotionofthebattlesbeyondthebattlefield.Breakthetensionwithsmilesandhumortoreinforcetheideathatthisisfriendlydiscourseandthatallareworkingtowardacommongoal.Rewordallthoseinvolvedinthedebatesufficientlywhenthegoalsarereached.Letyoursparringpartners(拳击陪练)knowhowmuchyouappreciatetheircontribution.Themoretheyfeelappreciated,themorethey’llbewillingtogetintotheringnexttime.61.Whathappenswhenyouhavelike-mindedpeoplearoundyouallthewhile?A)Itwillhelpyourcompanyexpandmorerapidly.B)Itwillbecreateaharmoniousworkingatmosphere.ItmaypreventyourbusinessandcareerfromD)Itmaymakeyoufelluncertainaboutyourowndecision.62.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestleadersdo?A)Avoidargumentswithbusinesspartners.B)Encouragepeopletodisagreeandargue.C)Buildawideandstrongbusinessnetwork.D)Seekadvicefromtheirworthycompetitors.63.Whatisthepurposeofholdingadebate?A)Tofindoutthetruthaboutanissue.B)Tobuilduppeople’smoralstrength.C)Toremovemisunderstandings.D)Tolookforworthyopponents.64.Whatadvicedoestheauthorgivetopeopleengagedinafiercedebate?A)Theylistencarefullytotheiropponents’views.B)Theyslowduerespectforeachother’sbeliefs.C)Theypresenttheirviewsclearlyandexplicitly.D)Theytakecarenottohurteachother’sfeelings.65.HowshouldwetreatourrivalsafterasuccessfulA)Trytomakepeacewiththem.B)Trytomakeupthedifferences.C)Invitethemtotheringnexttime.D)Acknowledgetheircontribution.Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying"Learningisadailyalifetimemission."Youcanexamplestoillustratetheimportanceoflifelonglearning.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Learningisadailyexperienceandalifetimemission.Thisisaproverbfulloflogic.Inotherwords,learningissignificantinourwholelife.Indeed,wecanlearnmanythingsfromit.Ifyouunderstanditandapplyittoyourstudyorwork,you’llnecessarilybenefitalotfromit.phenomenonandthefollowingarethetypicalones.Thefirstreasonisthatlearningcanlightourroadinthecomingfuture.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthesocietyisdevelopingincreasinglyfastandweareofteneasilysurpassedbythepeoplearound.Theonlywaytoavoidthisistolearntoimproveourselves.Asanillustration,I’dliketotakemyselfasanexample.Aftergraduationfromcollege,mylifehasbeenfullofworkingpressure,whichcontributestomydecisionofpursuingfurthereducation.That’swhyIcanmakemyownwayinsuchacompetitivesociety.Theeffectoflearningcanbeboileddowntotwomajorones.First,withthespiritoflearning,wearemorecapableofovercomingthedifficultiesinthefuture.Moreimportantly,wecanenrichoursparetimelifebylearning.Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustrememberthatlearningisthebasicskillinour1.B.Theyenjoyedthemovieonspaceexploration.2.A.Atagiftshop.3.C.Hedeclinedajobofferfromtheartgallery.4.D.Hewillbeunabletoattendthebirthdayparty.5.B.Setadeadlineforthestafftomeet.6.A.Theywaytothevisitor’sparking.7.D.Hehasbenefitedfromexercise.8.D.Thesecretariesintheman’scompany.9.B.ItisusedbymorepeoplethanEnglish.10.C.TheinfluenceoftheBritishEmpire.11.Itincludesalotofwordsfromotherlanguages.12.Toplaceanorder13.Heisnotfamiliarwiththeexactdetailsofgoods.14.Itdependsonanumberoffactors.15.Ringbackwhenshecomestoadecision.16.A)Nooneknowsforsurewhentheycameintobeing.17.D)Carryropesacrossrivers.18.C)Toprovethatlighteningiselectricity.19.C)Shecanspeakseverallanguages.20.B)Theyhaveanintenseinterestincross-culturalinteractions.21.C)ShewasabletotranslateforaGermansportsjudge.22.B)Tastethebeefandgivehercomment.23.D)Hegrewupinapoorsingleparentfamily.24.A)Stupid25.B)Writetwobookreportsaweek.(27)fascinating(28)madeupof(29)Nowandt