英语四级真题2017年6月(第三套)试卷及答案解析

PAGE5—PAGE5——20176月四级考（套）Part I Writing (30minutes)．．:Forts,youed0minutestoentnyourcampusetosellacomputeryouusedatadvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,specifications/features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleastnomorethan180words.PartII ListeningComprehension说明年月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。 本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一，只是选项的顺序不样而巳。PartID ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionA:Inthissection,theresaehten.ouerequiredtoselectedforhrkatfcho nadkfollowingthe.dtheethroughcarefullyemakingyourchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyamarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheetasinglelinethroughthemaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Themethodformakingrschangedrtimes啤酒花），rhemanyamodernbeeritsarea recentadditiontothewasf1IStmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda ingredientinresidue(残留物5,000-year-oldbeerbrewingdiggingtwopitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofscientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfromsdvessel.hetshapfthecontainers 8 theyedto,filter,d store.Theymaybeancient"beer-makingtools," andtheearliest 29 evidenceofbeerbrewinginChina,theresearchersreportedinthetheNationalAcademyofSciences.To 30 thattheory,theteamexaminedtheyellowish,dried 31 insidethevessels.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikey(大麦）， t%esfroots, 2 , hdemadethersweeter,thescientistssay.BarleysndfindthecropsdnWesternEurasiadta33 foodincentralChinauntilabout2,000yearsago,accordingtotheresearchers.Basedonthattiming,theyindicatebarleymayhave 34 intheregionnotasfood,butas 35 materialforbeerbrewing.A)arrivedB)consumingC)directD)exclusivelyE)includingF)informG)rawH)reachedI)relativelyJ)remainsK)resourcesL) stapleM) suggestN)surprisingO)testSectionB:Inthissection,youegtoreadaetenstatementdt.Eachstatemencontains叫rmationnnefthe.Identifythehfrom tensYoumaychooseaparagraphmorethanparagraphismarkedwithathequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheBlessingandCurseofthePeoplewhoNeverForgetAhandfulofpeoplecanrecallal叩 steverydayoftheirlivesinandafteryearsofneuroscientistsarefinallybeginningtounderstandhowFormostofus,memoryisamessofblurredandfadedpicturesofourlives.Asmuchaswewouldliketoclingontoourpast,eventhesaddestmomentscanbewashedawaywithtime.AskNimaVeisehwhathewasdoingforanydayinthepasthowever,andhewillgiveyouthedetailsoftheweather,whathewaswearing,orevenwhatsideofthetrainhewassittingonhisjourneytowork."Mymemoryislikealibraryofvideotapes,walk-throughsofeverydayofmylifefromwakingtosleeping,"heexplains.Vcanevenputadateonwhenthosetapesstarted15Decemberwhenhemethisfastgirlfriendathisbestfriend's16thbirthdayparty.Hehadalwayshadagoodmemory,butthethrillofyoungloveseemstohaveshiftedagearinhisfromnowon,hewouldstartrecordinghiswholelifeindetail. "Icouldtellyoueverythingabouteverydayafterthat."stosay,eeVeisehefttto(s经科学专家）gtothewaythebrainrecordsourlives.Acoupleofrecentpapershavefinallyopenedawindowonthesepeople'sextraordinaryminds.Andsuchresearchmightevensuggestwaysforusalltoreliveourpastwithgreaterclarity."Highlysuperiorautobiographicalmemory"(orHSAMforshort),firstcametolightintheearly2000s,withayoungwomannamedJillPrice.E-mailingtheneuroscientistandmemoryresearcherJimMcGaughoneday,she迦medthatshecouldrecalleverydayofherlifesincetheageof12.Couldhehelpexplainherexperiences?McGaughinvitedhertohislab,andbegantotesther:hewouldgiveheradateandaskhertotellhimabouttheworldeventsonthatday.Truetoherword,shewascorrectalmosteverytime.Itdidn'ttakelong formagazinesanddocumentaryfilm-makerstocometounderstandher"totalrecall," andthankstothesubsequentmedia,afewnrsubjetincludingV)esincecomeforwardandcontactedtheteamattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine.Interestingly,theirmemoriesarehighlyself-centred:althoughtheycanremembereventsinextraordinarydetail,theyseemtobenobetterthanaverageatrecallingimpersonalinformation, suchasrandom任意选取的）listsofwords.Noraretheynecessarilybetteratrememberingaroundofdrinks,say.Andalthoughtheirmemoriesarevast,theyarestilllikelytosufferfrom"falsememories."Clearly,thereisnosuchthingasa"perfect"theirextraordinarymindsarestillusingthesameflawedtoolsthattherestofusrelyon.Thequestionishow?LawrencePatihisattheUniversityofSouthernMississippirecentlystudiedaround20peoplewithHSAMandfoundthattheyscoredparticularlyhighontwomeasures:fantasy倾向）andabsorption.Fantasypronenessconsideredtoimagineanddaydream,whereasabsorptionisthetendencytoallowyourmindtobecomefullyabsorbedinanactivity—topaycompleteattentiontothe感受）andtheexperiences."I'mextremelysensitivetosounds,smellsandvisualdetail," explainsNicoleDonohue,whohastakenpartinmanyofthesestudies."Idefinitelyfeelthingsmorestronglythantheaverageperson."Thensthemtohstrongfoundationsforrecollection,saysPathdthefantasymeansthattheyrevisit thosememories again andagain inthecoming weeks andmonths. Eachtime this initialmemory traceis"replayed, "itbecomes evenstronger. Insomeways, youprobablygothrough thatprocessafterabigevent like yourwedding day—butthedifference isthatthanks totheir other psychological tendencies, HSAM subjects aredoing itdayin, dayout, forthewhole oftheirlives.NoteveryonewithatendencytofantasisewilldevelopHSAM,though,soPatihissuggeststhatsomethingmusthavecausedthemtothinksomuchabouttheirpast."Maybesomeexperienceintheirchildhoodmeantthattheybecameobsessed(着迷calendarsandwhathappenedtothem,"saysPatihis.Thepeoplewith HSAM I've interviewedwould certainly agreethatitcanbeamixed blessing. Ontheplusside,itallows youtorelive themosttransformative andenriching experiences. Veiseh, forinstance, travelled alotinhisyouth. Inhis sparetime, hevisited thelocal artgalleries, andthepaintings arenow lodged deep inhisautobiographical memories."Imagine being abletoremember every painting, onevery wall, inevery gallery space, between nearly 40countries," hesays. "That's abigeducation inart byitself." With thiscomprehensive knowledgeofthehistoryofart, hehassincebecome aprofessional painter.Donohue, now ahistory teacher, agreesthatithelped during certain parts ofhereducation: "I candefinitelyrememberwhatIlearnedoncertaindaysatschool.Icouldimaginewhattheteacherwassayingorwhatitlookedlikeinthebook."0)NoteveryonewithHSAMhasexperiencedthesebenefits,however.Viewingthepastinhighdefinitioncanmakeitverydifficulttogetoverpainandregret."Itcanbeveryhardtoforgetembarrassingmoments,"saysDonohue."Youfeelthesameemotions—itisjustasraw,justasfresh⋯Youcan'tturnoffthatstreamofmemories,nomatterhowhardyoutry."Veisehagrees:"Itislikehavingtheseopenwounds—theyarejustapartofyou," hesays.P) This meansthey oftenhavetomakeaspecial effort tolaythepasttorest. Bill, forinstance, oftengetspainful"flashbacks," inwhich unwanted memories intrude intohisconsciousness,butoverall hehaschosentosee itasthebestway ofavoiding repeatingthesamemistakes. "Somepeople areabsorbed inthe pastbutnot opentonewmemories, butthat's notthecaseforme. Ilook forward toeachdayandexperiencing something new."People with HSAM havethesamememory asordinary people whenitcomes toimpersonal information.Fantasy proneness will notnecessarily causepeople todevelop HSAM.Veiseh begantoremember thedetails ofhiseveryday experiences after hemethisfirst young love.Many morepeople with HSAM started tocontact researchers duetothemassmedia.People with HSAM oftenhavetomake efforts toavoid focusing onthepast.Most people donothaveclearmemories ofpastevents.HSAM canbebothacurseandablessing.Ayoung woman sought explanation from abrain scientist whenshenoticed herunusual memory.Somepeople with HSAM find itvery hardtogetridofunpleasant memories.Arecent study ofpeople with HSAM reveals thattheyareliable tofantasy andfull absorption inanactivity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thephrasealmostcompletesitself:midlifecrisis.It'sthestageinthemiddleofthejourneywhenpeoplefeelyouthvanishing,theirprospectsnarrowinganddeathapproaching.There'sonlyoneproblemwiththecliche套话）Ittrue."Inthereisalmostnohardevidenceformidlifecrisisotherthanafewsmallpilotstudiesconducteddecadesago,"BarbaraHagertywritesinhernewbook,LifeReimagined.Thebulkoftheresearchshowsthattheremaybeapause,orashiftingofgearsinthe40sor50s,butthisshift"canbeexciting,ratherthanterrifying."BarbaraHagertylooksatsomeofthefeaturesofpeoplewhoturnmidlifeintoarebirth.Theybreakisdeath."TheychoosepurposeoveraclearsenseofpurposeevenreducestheriskofAlzheimer'sdisease.Theygiveprioritytorelationships,ascareersoften逐渐淡化）．LifeReimaginedpaintsapictureofmiddleagethatisfarfromgloomy.Midlifeseemslikethesecondbigphaseofdecision-making.Youridentityhasbeenformed;you'vebuiltupyourresources;andnowyouhavethechancetotakethebigriskspreciselybecauseyourfoundationisalreadysecure.KarlBarthdescribedmidlifepreciselythisway.Atmiddleage,hewrote,"thesowingisbehind;nowisthetimetoreap.Therunhasbeentaken;nowisthetimetoleap.Preparationhasnowisthetimefortheventureoftheworkitself."Themiddle-agedBarthcontinued,canseehnthe,tmovesha"measuredtogetbignewthingsdonewhilethereisstilltime.WhatBarthwrotedecadesagoiseventruertoday.Peoplearehealthyandenergeticlonger.Wehavepresidentialcandidatesrunningfortheirfrrstterminofficeatage68,69and74.Alongerlifespanischangingthenarrativestructureoflifeitself.Whatcouldhavebeenconsideredthebeginningofadescentisnowapotentialturningpoint—theturningpointyouaremostequippedtotakefulladvantageof.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthephrase"midlifecrisis"?Ithasledtoalotofdebate. B) Itiswidelyacknowledged.C)Itisnolongerfashionable.HowdoesBarbaraHagertyviewmidlife?Itmaybethebeginningofacrisis.Itcanbeanewphaseofone'slife.Itcanbeterrifyingfortheunprepared.Itmayseeold-agediseasesapproaching.HowismidlifepicturedinthebookLifeReimagined?Itcanbequiterosy.C)Itundergoesradicaltransformation.AccordingtoKarlBarth, midlifeisthetime .torelaxtoharvestWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutmidlifetoday?Itismoremeaningfulthanotherstagesoflife.Itislikelytochangethenarrativeofone'slife.Itismoreimportanttothosewithalongerlifespan.Itislikelytobeacriticalturningpointin one'slife.

Itmisrepresentsreallife.B) Itcanbeburdensome.D)Itmakesforthebestpartofone'slife.B) tomatureD) toreflectPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inspring,chickensstartlayingagain,bringingawelcomesourceofproteinatwinter'send.Soit'snosurprisethatculturesaroundtheworldcelebratespringbyhonoringtheegg.Sometraditionesimple,etheredsthattdoreekEaster.Othersetheoafancyart,liketheheavilythatwerefavoredbytheRussiansstartinginthe19thcentury.OneancientformofeggartcomestousfromUkraine.Forcenturies,U阮inianshavebeendrawingcomplicatedpatternsoneggs.Contemporaryartistshavefollowedthistraditiontocreateeggsthatspeaktotheanxietiesofourage:Lifeisprecious,anddelicate.Eggsare,too."There'ssomethingabouttheirdelicatenaturethatappealstome,"saysNewYorkercartoonistRozChast.SeveralshebecameinterestedineggsandlearnedthetraditionalUkrainiantechniquetodrawhervery—modemcharacters."I've brokeneggsateverystageoftheprocessfromtheverybeginningtothevery, end."Butthere'sanappealinthatvulnerability."There'spartofthissickeninghorrorofknowingyou'rewalkingontheehthis,thatIkindf,knowingthattcould lfallttysecond"s,suchaworriedmanaloneinatinyrowboat,reflectthatdelicateness.TraditionalUkrainiandecoratedeggsalsospoketothosefears.Theelaboratepatternswerebelievedtoofferprotectionagainstevil."There'sntdthatsgstheseseade,lltlnthe" saysBrander,aCanadianegg-painterwhohasbeenpaintingeggsforover60years,havinglearnedtheartfromherUkrainianrelatives.Thetradition,datingbackto300B.,waslaterincorporatedintotheChristianchurch.Theoldsymbols,however,stillendure.Adecoratedeggwithabirdonit,giventoayoungmarriedcouple,isawishforchildren.Adecoratedeggthrownintothefieldwouldbeawishforagoodharvest.Whydopeopleinmanyculturesprizetheegg?Itisawelcomesignofthecomingofspring.Itis theirmajorsourceofproteininwinter.Itcaneasilybemadeintoaworkofart.Itcanbringwealthandhonortothem.WhatdowelearnabouttheinRussia?Theyareshapedlikejewelcases. B)Theyarecherishedbytherich.C)Theyareheavilypaintedinred. D)Theyarefavoredasaformofart.Whyhavecontemporaryartistseggarttradition?Eggsserveasanenduringsymbolofnewlife.EggshaveanovalshapeappealingEggsreflecttheanxietiesofpeopletoday.Eggsprovideauniquesurfacetopainton.WhydoesChastenjoytheprocessofdecoratingeggs?Sheneverknowsiftheeggwillbreakbeforethedesigniscompleted.Shecanaddmultipledetailstothecommunicateheridea.Shealwaysderivesgreatpleasurefromdesigningsomethingnew.Sheisneversurewhatthefinaldesignwilllooklikeuntiltheend.Whatdowelearnfrom thepassageaboutegg-painting?Itoriginated intheeasternpartofEurope.Ithasahistoryofovertwo thousandyears.Itisthemosttime-honoredformoffancyart.Itisespeciallyfavoredasachurchdecoration.PartIV Translation (30minutes)Directions

this, youed0minutestotranslateafromeoEnglish.YoushouldyouransweronAnswerSheet2.珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。珠江三角洲(delta)一0平方公里。它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5700多万人口。上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。201706月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）【答案速在】选词填空26-35IMNCOJELAG长篇阅读36-45HKCGPALEOI仔细阅读46-55DBCBDADCAB201706月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）【真题解析】PartI Writing (30minutes)【审题分析］通过审题，得知核心信息是，写一则广告，出售自己的二手电脑。首段，只需要引入话题，交代有二手电脑出售。次段，拓展话题，交代具体信息。比如说电脑的品牌，建议就写苹果，或者ThinkPad,因为容易写。再加上一些具体的信息，如果会写得话，不会呢，就写感受，写什么时候购买的，类似的信息，可。邮【参考范文］AgentlyusedLenovoThinkPadis waitingforitsnew owner. 范文译文Boughtjustoneandahalfyearsago,thecomputeriskeptin 一部八成新联想笔记本perfectcondition.Ithasafour-coreanindependentdisplay 脑正在等待它的新主人。cardofaharddiskofcleanandsmooth一ascreenof15.6inches,whichmakesitquiteuser-friendly and 有四核主机独立显卡硬盘，enablesittorunswiftly. What'smore,ithasbeenloadedwith 净平滑的键盘和15.6时屏，使用便捷运latestpracticalwhichcanbeofgreathelpforitsnew 转快速。此外，还配置了最新软件，对新user.Inparticular,thelaptopisfairlylightandthin, withthe 主人将颇有帮助。特别值得一提的是，这weightof1.andthethicknessoflessthan1.5cm.You can 部笔记本电脑十分轻、薄，重量仅为1.7公easilypickittoyourclassroom,yourlabandthelibrary. 斤，厚度不到1.5厘米。您可以轻松地将Adiscountof40%isnowoffered,malcingthepriceaslow 其带至课堂、实验室和图书馆。as2700RMB.Ayoneinterestedmaycall20170600000orwriteto 现在有六折优惠，价格低至元人@mformore. 民币。感兴趣者可拨打0或写邮件至1234566@询问更多细节。【亮点词汇］display 显示；炫耀user-friendly 用户友好的，方便使用的swiftly 迅速地；敏捷地laptop 笔记本电脑，便携式电脑display*****N-GRADED可数或不可Herwasthedisplayofthenewdressintheship— 8—windows.user-friendly***女女ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词修饰的形容词 用户友好的方便使用的The nextgenerationoftouchtechnology,nowindevelopment,promisestobeevenmoreintuitiveanduser-friendly.swiftly*****ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词修饰的形容词 迅速地；敏捷地Peopleonhospitalshealthfacilitiestorespond,swiftlyandefficiently,asthelifelineforsurvivalandthebackboneofsupport.lapt女女女女N-GRADED 可数名词笔记本电脑，便携式电脑Icangotoanyofmyclients'sitesandhookmytheirnetworkwithoutchangingallsortsofsettings.【经典表达l八bewith⋯安装有⋯⋯Inparticular特别值得一提Adiscountof40%isnowoffered现提供6折优惠Anyoneinterestedmaycall...orwriteto formoredetails.细节。PartIII ReadingComprehension (40 minutes)冈罚旷霄｀【原文（译）】Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedover啤酒花examplewhichgivemanyamodernbeeritsbitterflavor,area(26)recentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasfrrstmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.researchershavefounda(27) ingredientin残留物）from5,beerbrewingequipment.WhileexcavatingtwopitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofChina,scientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfrompots,funnels,amphorae,andstoves.Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers(28) theywereusedtofilter,andstorebeer.Theymaybeancient"beer-makingtools," andtheearliest(29)evidenceofbeerbrewingin,thereseacsreporteetodayntheProcees fthelAcademfScience.o(30) thathypothesis,theteamexaminedyellowish, dried(31) insidethevessels.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikemilletand大麦about10%werebitsofroots,(32) lily, whichwouldhavemadethebeersweeter,thescientistssay.Barleywasanunexpectedfind:thecropwasdomesticatedinwesternanddidn'tbecomea(33) foodincentralChinauntilabout2000yearsago,accordingtotheresearchers.Basedonthattiming, theysuggestbarleymayhave(34) intheregionnotasfood,butas(35)materialforbeerbrewing.现代啤酒带来苦味的啤酒花，(26)相当近的时间— 9—才加到了饮品中去的。在九世纪与酿酒相关的史料中首次被提及。现在，研究人员在 5000年前的酿留物中发现了

()惊人的成分。在中国中原地区两个考古坑进行挖掘的期间，科学家们发现了来自 陶罐、漏斗、双耳陶罐和火炉的陶制碎片。研究者们今天在《美国国家科学院学报》网络版报告中称，容器的不同形状是古代的啤酒制作工具，也是最早的有关中国啤酒(28)表明它们曾被用来酿造、过滤和储存啤酒，它们可能 “ ”是古代的啤酒制作工具，也是最早的有关中国啤酒酿造的直接证据。为了 (30) 一设，团队成员检测了容器内淡黄色、干燥的 (31) 残留物。其中约来自小米和大麦这样的谷类作物，约 小茎， (32) 包括百合的根茎，科学家们说，它们给啤酒增添了甜味。大麦是一个意外的发现：据研究人员表示，这种农作物在西欧亚大陆被培育出来，直到大约年前才成为中国中部地区的 (33) 主要粮食点，研究人员表示大麦最初 (34) 抵达该地区时并非当作食物，而是作为酿造啤酒的(35)愿材料。26. I) relatively。副词辨析【语法分析】由空格前为不定冠词空格后是形容词可以判定空格处缺副词用以修饰其后的形词，所以在 和I里面选择。【语意分析】前一旬中提到啤酒花给现代啤酒增添了一丝苦味，后面说这一点是在九世纪关于酿造的参考材料中首次被提到，由此可以推出啤酒花的出现年代并不久远，而是相当近的，因此

相对地， I)相当地排除。

”符合旬意。另

一个副词exclusively"

”专门地，排外地

与此处要表达的

” ”相当地意思不符合，可以M) surprising。形容词辨析【语法分析】由空格后为名词前面为不定冠可以判定空格缺形容词来修饰后面的名词。【语意分析】旬中提到：研究人员在 5000年前的啤酒酿造设备的残留物一说明该成分还是很令人吃惊的，因此 srrg符合旬意。在备选形容词中，曲c和rw不能与t搭配使与旬意不符，故均排除。28.N)。动词辨析the"容器的不同形状”，空格后面是一个完整的从旬，由此可以判定空格处缺谓语动词。“ ” “ ＂【语意分析】空格前面提到

容器的不同形状，后面提到它们是被用来酿造、过滤和储存啤酒的

，由此推“ “ ”断出)sugget" 表明，暗示符合旬意，即不同的形状表明它们有各自的 用途。在备选动词中，和including式能作,inform,t不符合旬以排除。C) direct。形容词辨析lt和空格后是名词可以判定空格处缺形容词与前面的elt一起修饰。“【语意分析】空格所在旬旬意为这些容器可能就是古代的酿酒工具，这也成为中国古代酿酒最早的证”据。根据旬意可知，容器也是非常直接的证据，故

”直接C)

为正确答案。备选项中其他的形容词raw,和无法与evidence 搭，故排除。0) 。动词辨析【语法分析】空格前面有不定式符号o,后面是名词短语ty, 可以判定空格处缺动词原形。【语意分析】上文中提到了考古研究人员的一些发现，下文中提到团队又对某些物质进行了检验，由此推”出研究人员应该是想通过检验来证实这些假设，故 证实，试符合旬意。在备选动词中inform也— 10—是动词原形，但用在此处与原文旬意不符，故排除。J)remains 辨析driithe作宾语。J)”合句意。而K)resources"资源与句意不符，可以排除。

”残留物，遗址符E)inclg。动词辨析连接的并列旬中，且其前为名词roots,其后为名词l'动词的现在分词或过去分词形式表示从属关系。【语意分析】句子表达的意思是

“80%为谷物，约

” “。而百

”恰好属于根茎类植物，由此推出E)including"除。

”包含符合旬意。备选项中

arrived,consuming和reached均与句意不符，可以排L) 。形容词辨析food。

o

为名词，可以判定空格处缺形容词用千修饰其后的名【语意分析】空格前提到这种农作物是在西欧亚大陆被培育出来的，由此推出并非是当时中国中原地区的主要食物来源，故

”stapLl)e"主要的，基本

raw虽可与food搭配，但与旬的符合旬意。备选项中的形容词意不符，可以排除。A)arrived动词辨析【语法分析】空格位于inthe判定空格处缺动词的过去分词作从旬的谓语。备选项中词的过去分词只有reached,不能与后面的介词inA)为答案。G)raw析【语法分析】空格前面有介词as,后面有不可数名词material,由此可以判定应填入形容词修饰后面的名词material。al为固定“搭配，意为

＂原材料

”，故Gr)aw"生的，未经加工的

为答案。冈开ffllr,l:J［原文（译）】拥有超强记忆之人的福与祸Ahaofpeopleoflivesin—oftotheyit.有部分人几乎能回忆起他们生活中每天的大噩细节。经过多年研究之后，神经科学专家终于开始了解他们是怎么做到的。— 11———PAGE——PAGE12A)(41)Formostofus,memo isakindofscrabook,amessofblurredandfadedsnashotsofourlives.Asmuchaswewouldliketoclin ontoour ast,eventhemostoinantmomentscanbewashedtime.(41)对于大多数人而言记忆就像 一本影集充满模糊褪色的生活片段。 即使最痛苦的记忆也会随着时而消逝尤论我们多想要记住它。AskNimaVeisehwhathewasdoingforanydayintheyears,however,andhewillgiveyouthedetailsoftheweather,whathewaswearing,orevenwhatsideofthetrainhewassittingonhisjourneytowork."Mymemoryislikealibraryofvideotapes,walk-throughsofeverydayofmylifefromwakingtosleeping," explains.侧等。我的记忆就像但是如果你问尼玛维瑟(NimaVeiseh)过去15年中任意一天在做什么，他会告诉你所有细节，从当日天情况到他的衣着，甚至他去上班时坐在火车的哪一 “ 一个存放录影带的图书馆，完全记侧等。我的记忆就像

“个瞬息，从我醒来到入睡，他解释道。(Veisehcanevenutadateonwhenthosetaesstarted15December2000,whenhemethisfrrst让hisbestfriend'sbirthda.Hehadalwashadaoodmemo,butthethrillofounloveseemstohaveshiftedaearinhismind:fromnowon,hewouldstartrecordinhiswholelifeindetail."Icouldtellyoueverythingabouteverydayafterthat."C)(

他甚至能说出

“录影带

“开始运转的时间：那是

月15日，那天他在他最好朋友的岁生日宴上见到了初恋女友。他之前记忆力就很好，但年轻爱情的兴奋感还是悄悄拨动了他脑中的某个机关，从那以后，他开始记录一

生中的每个细节。

“我能告诉你从那之后我每天发生的

一切事情。”Needlesstosay,peoplelikeVeisehareofgreatinteresttoneuroscientistshopingtounderstandthewaythebrainrecordsourlives.Acoupleofrecentpapershavefinallyopenedawindowonthesepeople'sextraordinaryminds.Andsuchresearchmightevensuggestwaysforusalltoreliveourpastwithgreaterclarity.神经科学家对像维瑟这样的人的兴趣自不必多说，他们想知道这些人的大脑是如何工作以记录他们生活的。近来的一些论文巳经揭示了这种非凡能力的冰山一角，这些研究可能也给我们方法来更清楚地重现我们对过去生活的记忆。(43)'Hi hl sueriorautobioahicalmemo ' orHforshort firstcametolihtintheearl 2000sha n nJlrice.Emailin thetdmemoresearchrmMcGauhesheclaimedthatshecouldrecallevedaofherlifesincetheaeof12.Couldhehel exlainherexeriences?E)E)(一 一 这种高度发达的自传性记忆 简称 首次进入公众视界是在二十 世纪初。 天 位叫做吉尔·普莱斯(ce)的年轻女士给神经科学兼记忆研究员吉姆·麦克高夫 (McGauh)发邮件问他是否可以解释她的经历－ 她可以回忆起岁以来每一天的生活。McGaughinvitedhertohislab,andbegantotesther:hewouldgiveheradateandaskhertotellhimabouttheworldeventsonthatday.Truetoherword,shewascorrectalmosteverytime.期，让她说出那天发生的世界大事。结果与她说的别无二致，她几乎每次都对了。(39)Itdidn'ttakeIon formaazinesanddocument film-makerstocometounderstandher"totalrecall"andthankstothesubseuentmediainterestafewdozenothersubandcontactedtheteamattheUniversitofCalifornia Irvine.

iseh esincecomeforward(39没过多久，杂志和纪录片导演便来了解她的

“全面回忆

”。幸亏这些媒体后续的兴趣，几十个其他的受试者（包括维瑟）自告奋勇与加利福尼亚大学欧文分校的研究团队取得了联系。(36)Interestin1 theirmemoriesarehi hl self-centred: althouhthe canremember"autobio rahical" lifeeventsinextraordin detail,the seemtobenobetterthanaveraeatrecallin im ersonalinfom

such

ion,randomlistsofwords. Noraretheynecessarilybetteratrememberingaroundofdrinks, say.Andalthoughtheirmemoriesarevast, theyarestill likelytosufferfrom"false memories". Clearly, thereisnosuchthingasa—"perfect" memory theirextraordinary mindsarestillusingthesameflawedtoolsthattherestofusrelyon.Thequestionis,how?“H)(有趣的是，他们的记忆是高度自我中心化的：尽管他们能够记住 自传

“生活的每

一个瞬息，但是对一 一于非个人生活的信息方面似乎不比普通人强 比如 系列随机排列的单词。 再如，他们不能很好地记住圈饮料的顺序。尽管这些人的记忆力非常强大，他们仍然很可能会承受

“虚假记忆

”之苦。很明显，世界上“ “ 一并不存在什么 完美无暇的 回忆，他们非凡的头脑也像我们这些平凡人 样有着瑕疵。 问题在于，怎么会这样？I)(45)LawrencePatihisattheUniversit ofSouthernMississi irecent! studiedaround20 eolewithHSAMandfoundthatthe scored articular! hihontwomeasures:fantas ronenessandabso tion. Fantas couldbeconsideredatendenc toima ineanddadream,whereasabso tionisthetendenc toallow ourmind—tobecomefull absorbedinanactivit to a comleteattentiontothesensationsandtheexeriences."I'mextremelysensitivetosounds,smellsandvisualdetail,"explainsNicoleDonohue, whohastakenpartinmanyofthesestudies."Idefinitelyfeelthingsmorestronglythanthe averageperson."(45)南密西西比大学的劳伦斯· 帕特西斯近来研究了约 20位拥有HSAM者，发现他们在幻想倾向和专注力两方面得分特别高。 幻想倾向可以理解为想象和做自日梦的倾向，而专注力则是使自己的思维全神贯注于某种活动

—对感受和经验投入全部的关注的倾向。

“我对声音、气味和视觉信息非常敏感，“

“尼古拉·唐”纳休解(Nicole 释道，参加了不少这样的研究，我对事物的感知的确比常人更强烈 。Theabsorptionhelpsthemtoestablishstrongfoundationsforrecollection, saysPatihis,andthefantasypronenessmeansthattheyrevisit thosememoriesagainandagaininthecomingweeksandmonths.Eachtimethisinitialmemorytraceis"replayed",itbecomesevenstronger.Insomeways, youprobablygothroughthatprocessafter—abigeventlikeyour weddingday butthedifferenceisthatthankstotheirotherpsychologicaltheHSAMsubjects aredoingitdayin, dayout, forthewholeoftheirlives.专注力是他们强有力回忆的基础，帕特希斯说，而幻想倾向则使得他们在接下来的几周或几个月反复重现这些记忆。随着初次记忆的

一 “

”重播，记忆就变得越来越坚固。 某种程度上，在某件大事，比如婚礼过后，重播“ “你也可能会经历这种 重播过程的其他心理倾向造成的。

但不同的是，HSAM者会在一生中的每一天都进行”

"'这是他们(37)Noteve onewithatendenc tofantasisewill develo HSAM, thouh, soPatihissu eststhatsomethinmusthavecausedthemtothinksomuchabouttheir ast."Maybesomeexperienceintheirchildhoodmeantthattheybecameobsessedwithcalendarsandwhat happenedtothem," saysPatihis.超级自传休记忆K)(但是，不是每一个有幻想倾向的人都能发展出 “ "'所以帕特西斯认为一定存在某些东超级自传休记忆”西在触发他们不停回忆过去。情，＂帕特希斯说。

也许他们童年时代的 某些经历使得他们着迷于日历和发生在他们身上事——PAGE——PAGE15L )(42eolewith HSAM I've interviewed would certainl areethatitcanbeamixed blessin . Ontheplusside, itallows youtorelive themosttransformative andenriching experiences. Veiseh, forinstance, travelled lotinhisyouth.In hissparetime, hevisited thelocal artgalleries, andthepaintings arenowlodged deepinhisautobiographical memories.)(2)我采访过的拥有 A者 们都会赞同这种能力福祸相依。 好的方面是它可以给人最具变化及最丰完整的经历。 比如维瑟，他年轻的时候去了很多地方旅游。 空闲时间就去参观当地美术馆，有关那些画的记忆已经深深扎根于他的自传式回忆中。being able toremember every painting, o