瘤胃的重要性课件

RumenHealthSignsandImportance

瘤胃健康表现和重要性What’sGoingOnInThereAnyhow?在那里都发生了什么？PresentedbyMikeJerredBulk-Limitingvs.Acid-LimitingRations

体积限制性与酸度限制性日粮RumenpHAddAcidAddBaseBuffered

Zone酸-碱缓冲区Bulk-Limiting体积限制Acid-Limiting酸性限制6.06.2WhyisRumenHealthImportant？

为什么瘤胃健康非常重要？Itimpacts:

它影响：Lameness

跛蹄FiberDigestibility

纤维消化率Productivity

生产性能Reproduction

繁殖性能Longevity

生产寿命WHYDOWECULLCOWS?为什么要淘汰牛？

NAHMS,1996.PartI:Referenceof1996DairyManagementPracticesAdaptedfromZinpro:“Identifying,Treating,andPreventingClawDisorders”,2003AdaptedfromZinpro:“Identifying,Treating,andPreventingClawDisorders”,2003DOESLAMENESSAFFECTREPRODUCTION?趾蹄疾病影响繁殖性能吗？NumerousStudiesConductedintheUnitedKingdom,MexicoandUnitedStatesIndicateThatCowsThatAreLameHaveBetween11and28MoreDaysOpen

在英国、墨西哥和美国的许多研究表明患有趾蹄疾病的奶牛的空怀期要比正常奶牛长11-28天AdaptedfromZinpro:“Identifying,Treating,andPreventingClawDisorders”,2003AdaptedfromHoofCareforDairyCattle,1992.J.E.NocekLAMENES趾蹄病Environment/Management环境/管理

•Stress应激

•Trauma外部损伤

•Exercise运动

•Trimming修蹄WeakenedClaws(Hooves)蹄鞘软化

•BreakdowninSupportiveConnectiveTissue

支持性结缔组织分解

•PoorQualityHornFormation角质形成差MetabolicDisorders代谢疾病

•MilkFever

产褥热

•Ketosis酮病Genetics遗传Vaso-Constriction/Dilation血管收缩/扩张Nutrition营养

•ExcessiveGrain

过量饲喂谷物饲料

•FinelyChoppedForage牧草切割过短

•ImproperFeedingManagement

饲养管理不善

•IncorrectRatioofConcentratetoForage

不适当的精粗比IncreasedLacticAcidProduction大量乳酸生成LoweredpHpH降低InfectiousDiseases传染病

•Metritis子宫炎

•Mastitis乳房炎

•RetainedPlacenta

胎衣滞留DeathofGramNegativeBacteria革兰氏阴性细菌死亡Molds/Mycotoxins霉菌/黄曲霉EndotoxinRelease释放内毒素Histamine产生组胺DC-12LAMENESS:趾蹄病CAUSESANDSEQUENCEOFEVENTS诱因和病情发展WhenParticleSizeIsTooSmall:

当饲料颗粒太小时：Feedintakefluctuates.

饲料采食量波动Cud-chewingstops.

反刍停止Rumenmicrobialpopulationsshift.

瘤胃微生物区系改变Manuregetsloose.

粪便趋稀Manureshowsgrain.

粪便中出现未消化的谷物Straw,beddingorsoilareconsumed.

采食秸杆，垫草或土壤Butterfatdrops.

乳脂率下降Bodyconditionleaves.

体况下降Feetgetsore.

蹄发炎、疼痛Acidosisoccurs.

发生酸中毒Milkproductionfalls.

产奶量下降Healthdegenerates.

健康状况下降Cowsgetculledandsomedie.

奶牛被淘汰和死亡RumenpHScale...

瘤胃pH数值范围…OK（安全）:pH>6.2Suspect（密切关注）:pH5.9to6.2Dangerous（危险）:pH<5.9WhatisPro-RumenNutrition?

什么是促瘤胃营养？Itconsidersbothphysicalandchemicaleffectsonrumenfunction.

考虑饲料的物理和化学特性对瘤胃功能的影响Itseekstokeeptherumenhealthy.

探寻保障瘤胃健康的途径Itattemptstotakefulladvantageofmicrobialactivityintherumenasasourceofnutritionforthecow.

最大限度促进瘤胃微生物活动和生长为奶牛提供更高质量的营养物质ElementsofPro-RumenNutrition

促瘤胃营养元素RumenHealth(rHIndex).

瘤胃健康（rH指数）Takingcareoftherumen“bugs.”

关注瘤胃微生物Synchronizeddegradation.

同步的营养物质降解Carbohydrates

碳水化合物Proteins

蛋白质Predictionofmicrobialsynthesis(protein).

估测菌体蛋白生成TheRumenHealthIndex...rH

瘤胃健康指数…rHTodevelopasystemthatallowsformulationformaximumuseofenergywhilemaintainingproperconditionsintherumen(pH).开发在维持适当的瘤胃内环境(pH)的条件下最大限度地提高日粮能量水平的系统Objective目的:FactorsAffectingRumenHealthIndex

影响瘤胃健康指数的因素ChewingTime咀嚼时间AlkalineMolecules碱性分子+=rH[]Ammonia氨Bases&Buffers碱&缓冲剂NPN非蛋白氮(尿素)RDP(Ruminally-DegradedProtein)瘤胃可降解蛋白AcidinIngredients原料中酸TypeofNFC非纤维性碳水化合物的类型NFCDigestionRate非纤维性碳水化合物消化速度PositiveFactors有利因素NegativeFactor不利因素RumenHealthIndex瘤胃健康指数(Urea)ParticleSize饲料颗粒大小ParticleStructure饲料颗粒结构NDFConcentrationNDF浓度AcidProduction产酸+AcidIntake食入酸-FactorsAffectingRumenHealthIndex

影响瘤胃健康指数的因素ChewingTime咀嚼时间AlkalineMolecules碱性分子AcidProduction产酸+AcidIntake食入酸+-=rH[]PositiveFactors有利因素NegativeFactor不利因素RumenHealthIndex瘤胃健康指数FactorsAffectingRumenHealthIndex

影响瘤胃健康指数的因素ChewingTime咀嚼时间PositiveFactors有利因素Dependenton依赖于:1)ParticleSize饲料颗粒大小2)ParticleStructure饲料颗粒结构3)NDFConcentrationNDF浓度Morechewingmeansmoresaliva.咀嚼次数越多意味唾液分泌越多Moresalivameansmorebuffers.唾液越多意味越多的缓冲剂FactorsAffectingRumenHealthIndex

影响瘤胃健康指数的因素ChewingTime咀嚼时间AlkalineMolecules碱性分子AcidProduction产酸+AcidIntake食入酸+-=rH[]PositiveFactors有利因素NegativeFactor不利因素RumenHealthIndex瘤胃健康指数FactorsAffectingRumenHealthIndex

影响瘤胃健康指数的因素AlkalineMolecules碱性分子PositiveFactors有利因素Actasbases,counteractingacidproduction.起碱的作用、抑制酸的产生NH3NH4+NaHCO3H2CO3+Na+Ammonia氨SodiumBicarbonate小苏打CO2+H2O+H++H+FactorsAffectingRumenHealthIndex

影响瘤胃健康指数的因素RumenHealthIndex瘤胃健康指数ChewingTime咀嚼时间AlkalineMolecules碱性分子AcidProduction产酸+AcidIntake食入酸+-=rH[]PositiveFactors有利因素NegativeFactor不利因素FactorsAffectingRumenHealthIndex

影响瘤胃健康指数的因素AcidProduction产酸+AcidIntake食入酸NegativeFactor不利因素FactorsAffectingRumenHealthIndex

影响瘤胃健康指数的因素NegativeFactor不利因素AcidProduction产酸+AcidIntake食入酸AcidProduction产酸:Acidsareproducedduringcarbohydratedigestion.酸是碳水化合物消化的产物Productionofacidcanexceedbufferingcapacityintherumen.酸的产生可能超过瘤胃内的缓冲能力FactorsAffectingRumenHealthIndex

影响瘤胃健康指数的因素AcidProduction产酸+AcidIntake食入酸NegativeFactor不利因素Type&amountofNFCcausedifferencesinrate&typeofacidsproduced.非纤维碳水化合物类型和数量导致产生不同类型的酸和生成速度Rate&extentofdigestionareimportant.消化速度和程度是很重要Somestarchesdigestfasterthanothers.不同的淀粉的消化速度不同AcidProduction产酸:StarchStarchStarchStarchrHInputNutrients

瘤胃健康指数是奶牛饲料营养元素综合反映Ingredient原料NFC非纤维性碳水化合物RateofNFCDig.NFC消化速度RDP瘤胃可降解蛋白ChewingTime咀嚼时间rHIndex瘤胃健康指数Corn玉米66.21.54.00-0.95Barley大麦54.22.58.40-1.47Cereal禾谷类75.52.53.10