高中英语选修8北师大版课件：Unit22-EnvironmentalProtection22-1课件

Warm-up&Lesson1

GlobalWarming一二三四五六Pre-reading一、将下列每幅图片表示的人类面临的威胁的名称与选项搭配起来

1.Thefirstpictureismainlyabout

.

2.Thesecondpictureismainlyabout

.

3.Thethirdpictureismainlyabout

.

4.Thefourthpictureismainlyabout

.

A.drought

B.globalwarmingC.poverty D.endangeredanimalsDACB一二三四五六二、释义搭配1.trap

a.therelationofplantsandlivingcreaturestoeachotherandtotheirsurroundings2.ecology b.anexpertwhogivesadvice3.principle c.tokeepsb.inadangerousplaceorbadsituationfromwhichitishardtoescape4.conservationd.aruleorstandardespeciallyofgoodbehavior5.consultant e.theactofkeepingsth.frombeingwastedorlost6.threaten f.totreatthingsthathavealreadybeenusedsothattheycanbeusedagain7.recycle g.tosaythatyouwillcausesomeonepain,unhappiness,ortroubleiftheydonotdowhatyouwant8.coincidence h.topubliclysupportawayofdoingsth.9.corrupt i.asurprisingandunexpectedsituationinwhichtwothingsthatareconnectedhappenatthesametime,orinthesameplace,ortothesamepeople10.advocate j.touseyourpowerinadishonestorillegalwayinordertogetanadvantageforyourself一二三四五六答案:1.c

2.a

3.d

4.e

5.b

6.g

7.f

8.i

9.j

10.h一二三四五六三、短语互译1.对……有害

2.在过去的几十年里

3.超出……的控制,不受……的控制

4.加快速度

5.展望未来

6.提及,参考

7.依次,轮流

8.把……加起来

beharmfulto

in/during/overthelast/pastfewdecades

beyondone’scontrol

speedup

lookahead

referto

inturn

addup

一二三四五六9.atrisk

10.anumberof

11.pumpinto

12.leadto

13.asaresultof

14.takeaction

15.switchoff

16.aheadof

有危险,处于危险中

一些,许多,大量的

注入

引起,导致

由于,因为

采取行动

关掉

在……前面一二三四五六While-reading四、根据课文内容选择正确答案1.Themainpurposeofthefirstparagraphis

.

A.tointroducethetopicofglobalwarmingtothereadersB.toremindthereadersofhumanactivitiesinthepastC.tointroducethegreatesttroubleinthefutureD.tomentiontheprocessofglobalwarminginhistory2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutgreenhousegases?A.Greenhousegaseswillonlydousharm.B.Greenhousegasesdomoreharmthangoodtohumans.C.Greenhousegasesdomoregoodthanharmtohumans.D.PropergreenhousegasesarequitenecessarytotheEarth.AD一二三四五六3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedastheresultofglobalwarming?A.Typhoons.

B.Seriousdiseases.C.Polaricemelting. D.Heatwaves.4.Whichistheproperorderofthefollowingdisasters?A.globalwarming→floodingislandsandcities→raisingsealevels→polaricemeltingB.polaricemelting→globalwarming→raisingsealevels→floodingislandsandcitiesC.raisingsealevels→globalwarming→polaricemelting→floodingislandsandcitiesD.globalwarming→polaricemelting→raisingsealevels→floodingislandsandcitiesAD一二三四五六5.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.TheUSAshouldplayanimportantpartinreducingcarbondioxide.B.Everyoneshouldtryhisbesttosaveenergyandreducecarbondioxide.C.Wemuststudyhardandoftendoexperiments.D.Itissuggestedthatthepupilsshouldturnoffthelights.B一二三五六四五、根据课文内容回答下列问题1.Whatisglobalwarming?答案:GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth’stemperaturethatleadstoclimatechange.2.Whathumanactivitiesarecausingglobalwarming?答案:Increasedindustry,agriculture,thecuttingdownofforests,theincreaseintransportandtheburningoffuelsarecausingglobalwarming.3.Byhowmuchhastheglobalaveragetemperatureincreasedinthelast100years?答案:By1℉(onedegreeFahrenheit).一二三五六四4.AregreenhousegasesnecessaryforlifeonEarth?答案:Yes,theyare.BecausetheytrapheatfromthesunintheEarth’satmosphere.OtherwisetheEarthwouldbecoldandimpossibletoliveon.5.Howcanwehelpsolvetheproblemofglobalwarming?答案:Wecanmakesmallchangesliketakingpublictransport,recycling,usinglow-flowshowerheads,andbuyingenergy-efficientlightbulbstohelpsolveglobalwarming.Evenwecandosomesimplethingslikeusingrecycledpaperorswitchingoffthelightswhenweleavearoom.一二三五六四Post-reading六、阅读课文将下面表格补充完整warmingtemperaturebecausesituationeffectsrising一二三五六四Governmentsreduceproducedchanges12356478109111.Because

of

the

greenhouse

effect,the

Earth

is

warmed

by

gases

trapped

in

the

atmosphere.由于温室效应,滞留在大气层的气体使地球变暖。剖析trappedintheatmosphere是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰gases。考点trapvt.使困住Afiltertrapsdustfromtheair.过滤网可存住空气中的尘埃。Theliftbrokedownandweweretrappedinside.电梯出故障了,我们被困在里面。【高考典句】Theponyhadactuallybeentrappedbetweentworocks.实际上这匹小马驹已被困在了两块岩石之间。归纳

be

trapped

in...意为“被困在……”。1235647810911By

cleverquestioning,theytrapped

him

into

making

a

confession.他们用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。That

trap

is

intended

for

you.那个圈套是为你而设的。To

get

rid

of

the

poverty

trap,they

need

help

from

the

government.为了摆脱贫困的处境,他们需要政府的帮助。归纳

trap

用作动词,还可以表示“诱骗,使陷入困境”,trap

o

doing

sth.表示“诱骗某人做某事”;trap还可以用作名词,表示“圈套”和“困境”。仅供学习交流！！！1235647810911活学活用语法填空(1)

(trap)inthesnowstorm,thedrivercalled110andhewasrescuedintheend.

(2)Iwastrapped

signingacontract.

Trappedinto12356478109112.Looking

ahead,scientists

believe

that

global

warming

could

be

one

of

the

biggest

environmental

problems

facing

the

21st

century.展望未来,科学家们认为,全球变暖可能是21世纪人类面临的最严重的环境问题之一。剖析Lookingahead是动词-ing形式在句中作状语,和句子的主语scientists之间是主谓关系。动词believe的后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句中的facingthe21stcentury在句中作定语,修饰前面的名词environmentalproblems。lookahead展望未来Looking

ahead,weexpectchangestobemadeinthesystemofeducation.展望未来,我们期待对教育体制进行改革。Wemustlook

aheadbeforewemakeadecision.我们做出决定之前必须想得远一点。1235647810911活学活用语法填空(1)Tomlentmethemoney,

(hope)thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.

(2)It’sbeenatoughyear,buttheWhitesarelooking

tothefuture.

hopingahead12356478109113.But

what

exactly

is

global

warming,why

is

it

seen

as

a

danger,and

how

is

it

relevant

to

our

lives?但是,确切地说,什么是全球变暖?为什么把它视为一种危险?它如何与我们的生活相关呢?考点relevantadj.有关的Apaperrelevanttothisresearchwaspublishedbyhim.与本研究相关的一篇论文是他发表的。【高考典句】Moreover,IcompletedtheseniorcourseofComputerBasics,plusfiverelevantpre-collegecourses.此外,我完成了计算机基础的高级课程,加上五门相关的大学预科课程。归纳

be

relevant

to

表示“与……有关”。1235647810911relevance

n.关联;相关性have

relevance

to...与……有关have

no

relevance

to...=have

nothing

to

do

with...与……无关活学活用同义句转换(1)Thisyoungmanhadsomethingtodowiththemurder.→

语法填空(2)Themeetinghas

(relevant)tothematterinhand.

Thisyoungmanwasrelevanttothemurder.relevance12356478109114.Global

warming

refers

to

an

average

increase

in

the

Earth’s

temperature

that,in

turn,leads

to

climate

change.全球变暖指的是地球温度平均增长,继而导致气候变化。考点一referto指,意即Iwasnotreferring

toherwhenIsaidso.当我那么说时,我并不是指她。

1235647810911(1)阅读下列句子归纳referto

的其他含义He

referredtohisinjuryinhis

letter.他在信中提到了他的伤情。Don’t

refer

to

the

dictionary

every

time

you

come

across

a

new

word.你不要一遇到生词就查词典。He

is

often

referred

to

by

basketball

fans

as

“the

Little

Giant”.他常常被篮球迷们称为“小巨人”。归纳

refer

to

还可以表示“提到”和“查阅”;refer

to

sb./sth.as意思是“称某人/某物为……”。(2)reference

n.提及;参考You’d

better

write

down

the

phone

number

of

that

restaurant

for

future

reference.你最好写下那个餐馆的电话号码,以供日后参考。1235647810911考点二inturn依次;转而Thestudentsansweredtheteacher’squestionsin

turn.学生们依次回答老师的问题。WefoundthatHelenhadtoldTomthesecret,andhein

turnhadtoldittoHelen’ssister.我们发现海伦已经告诉了汤姆那个秘密,而汤姆又将它告诉了海伦的妹妹。1235647810911与turn相关的其他短语take

turns

todosth.=taketurns

at

doing

sth.轮流做某事by

turns

轮流地;交替地turn

off

关掉,关闭;拐弯,转入另一条路turn

on

打开,发动turn

out

生产;结果是;出席;驱逐turn

over

移交给;翻转;营业额达到turn

in

交上;归还;告发turn

up

(指股票、股市等)上扬,反弹;出现;开大,调高(音量)turn

down

拒绝;调低(音量)1235647810911考点三leadto引起,导致(to是介词)【高考典句】Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanlead

tokidneyfailureanddeath.这会影响它们的神经系统和生育幼鸟的能力,并可能导致肾衰竭和死亡。【高考典句】Questioningcanlead

tosearchingforananswer.质疑会引起对答案的探求。Suchamistakewouldperhapslead

toaterribleaccident.这样一个错误可能会导致一场可怕的事故。1235647810911阅读下列句子归纳lead的用法All

roads

lead

to

Rome.条条道路通罗马。What

leads

you

to

the

conclusion

that

he

isn’t

fit

for

the

job?什么让你得出他不适合这个工作这一结论的?He

had

led

everyone

to

believe

that

his

family

was

very

wealthy.他使得大家都相信他家境很富裕。归纳

lead

to

还可以表示“通往”;lead

sb.to...引导某人……;lead

sb.to

do

sth.意思是“导致某人做某事”。1235647810911活学活用用适当的介词填空(1)Ireallydon’tknowwhathasled

thisterribleaccidentthatnight.

(2)Theterm“Arts”usuallyrefers

humanitiesandsocialsciences.

(3)Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthis

turncreatesfurtherproblems.

完成句子(4)Itisafoolishactto

(查阅)notesduringatestasyouwillbeseverelypunished.

(5)Thoughplasticbagsreallybroughtconveniencetous,theyalso

(导致)manyproblemsfortheenvironment.

totoinrefertoledto12356478109115.Without

these

naturally

occurring

gases,the

sun’s

rays

would

bounce

back

into

space

leaving

the

Earth

cold

and

impossible

to

live

on.如果没有这些自然产生的气体,太阳的光线将会被反射回太空中去,地球将处于寒冷之中,而使生物不可能在地球上存活。剖析withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases是介词短语作状语,表示假设,相当于if条件句,所以主句要用虚拟语气;leavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon是动词-ing

形式短语作结果状语。Thestudentswouldliveaneasierlifewithoutexams.如果没有考试,学生们的生活会更轻松些。Maryfailedherexams,makingherparentsveryangry.玛丽未能通过考试,这使她父母非常生气。1235647810911考点bouncevi.反弹Thefootballbouncedoffthegoalpost.足球击中门柱反弹了出去。Thelightbouncedofftheriveranddazzledher.河面上银波粼粼,令她目眩。1235647810911活学活用语法填空(1)Withoutyourinstruction,I

(make)nosuchgreatprogress.

(2)Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,

(leave)thebreakfastuntouched.

(3)Theboywasstandingthere,seeingtheballhitthewallandbounce

it.

wouldhavemadeleavingoff12356478109116.Over

the

last

100

years,the

global

average

temperature

has

increased

by

1°F

and

many

experts

insist

that

the

blame

for

this

global

warming

can

mostly

be

pinned

on

human

activities.在过去的100年里,全球的平均温度增加了1华氏度,许多专家坚持认为,在很大程度上,人类的活动是导致全球变暖的重要原因。剖析that引导宾语从句。1235647810911考点一insistv.坚持;坚决要求;坚决认为Themaninsistedthatwhathehaddonewasright.那位男士坚持认为他做的事是正确的。【高考典句】Thus,Papainsistedthatwelearnatleastonenewthingeachday.于是,父亲坚决要求我们每天至少学一点新东西。Theheadmasterinsistedthat500books(should)besenttothepoorpupils.校长坚决要求把500本书送给贫困学生。归纳

insist作“坚持认为,坚决说”讲时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。insist作“坚决要求,坚决主张”讲时,宾语从句用虚拟语气,谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。1235647810911考点二pin...on...把责任加在……上;把……归罪于……Thisaffairwillbepinned

ononeofusifwearenotcareful.如果我们不谨慎的话,这件事的责任就会落在我们其中一个人身上。Youcan’tpinthisonme.这事你不能怪罪我。1235647810911活学活用语法填空(1)Theoldprofessorinsistedthatwe

(leave)thebuildingatonce.

(2)Thetradeunionsarepinningtheblamefortheviolence

thegovernment.

(should)leaveon12356478109117.Given

this

data,it

seems

that

the

link

between

human

activities

and

rising

global

temperatures

is

not

merely

a

coincidence.根据这一数据推断,人类活动与全球变暖之间的关系好像不仅仅是一个巧合。剖析

这是一个主从复合句,itseems...是主句,it是形式主语,真正的主语是thelink...isnotmerelyacoincidence;betweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperatures是介词短语作定语。考点givenprep.考虑到;鉴于Giventhatthey’reinexperienced,they’vedoneagoodjob.考虑到他们缺乏经验,他们的工作已经算是做得相当不错了。1235647810911considering

prep.考虑到seeing

that...鉴于……活学活用语法填空

(give)herage,theoldwomanisveryactiveandenergetic.

Given12356478109118.But

why

wait

around

for

governments

to

take

action?但是为什么要等待政府来采取行动呢?考点takeaction采取行动Youhavetotake

actionanddealwithproblemsastheyarise.你必须在问题出现的时候采取行动处理问题。与take相关的其他短语takeeffect见效take

notice

注意take

care小心take

office上台take

measures

采取措施take

advantage

of利用;欺负,占……的便宜1235647810911活学活用完成句子Ithinkthatitisnousecomplainingwithout

(采取行动)inthissituation.

takingaction12356478109119.Experts

advocate

that

each

person

play

their

part.专家主张每个人都发挥作用。考点一advocatevt.主张,提倡Headvocateshighersalariesforworkers.他主张提高工人的工资。Iadvocatepraisingthechildrenfortheirgoodbehaviour.我主张对孩子们的良好表现给予表扬。Headvocatedthatthechildren(should)takepartinsportsgames.他主张儿童应该参加体育活动。归纳

advocate后接名词或动词-ing形式。advocate后接从句,从句用虚拟语气,其谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。1235647810911考点二playone’spart起作用;尽责任Weallshouldplay

our

partintheenvironmentalprotection.我们都应该为环境保护尽自己的一分力量。Womenareplaying

an

important

partinsocietytoday.妇女在当今社会中起到重要作用。归纳

play

an

important

part

in

表示“在……中起到重要作用”。1235647810911活学活用语法填空(1)Inthatvillage,theoldpeopledon’tadvocatewomen’s

(stay)athomealldaylong.

完成句子(2)Besidesdieting,exercise

(在……方面起着重要作用)losingweight.

stayingplaysanimportantpartin123564781091110.After

all,there’s

no

substitute

for

our

Earth.毕竟,我们的地球没有替代品。考点一afterall毕竟【高考典句】

After

all,adollarwasatidysumforan11-year-oldboyin1961.毕竟,在1961年,一美元对于一个11岁的男孩来说是一笔可观的数目。Youshouldbecharitablewithhim;he’sachildafter

all.你应该对他宽容些,他毕竟还是个孩子。

Whyshouldn’tDaneatthecake?After

all,hebakedit.为什么丹不该吃蛋糕?不管怎么说蛋糕还是他烤的呢。1235647810911与all相关的其他短语above

all最重要的是

first

of

all首先all

in

all总的来说

in

all总共(not)at

all根本(不)1235647810911考点二substituten.代替品,代用品;代替者Thecourseteachesyouthetheory,butthereisnosubstituteforpracticalexperience.这门课教的是理论,但没有任何东西能代替实践经验。Paul’sfatheronlysawhimasasubstituteforhisdeadbrother.保罗的父亲只是把他当作他死去的哥哥来看待。1235647810911阅读下列句子归纳substitute的用法【高考典句】Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135”.如果我们把每一个字母换成数字,信息“满足我”将读作“13

5

5

20

13

5”。She

often

substitutes

for

absent

teachers

in

their

Spanish

classes.她经常代替缺勤的老师上西班牙语课。归纳

substitute

A

for

B表示“用A来代替B”;A

substitute

for

B表示“A代替B”。1235647810911活学活用完成句子(1)Whyareyousoanxious?Itisn’tyourproblem

(毕竟).(2)

(总的来说),itwasagreatsuccess.

(3)

(首先),youshouldknowwhatprofessionsuitsyou.

选择恰当的短语填空(all

in

all/i