第七讲看我变变阅读方法技巧点拨学生版

阅读方法和技【猜词悟义•扫除阅读词汇阅读理解的基础。猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，，上下文等线索确定词义。一、定义is，or，thatis，inotherwords，becalledAnnealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryannealingExample2:Itwillbeveryhardbutalsovery thatis,itwillbreakbrittleExample3:Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanalooksaftersheepherdsman二、同义反通过同义词猜词，一是要看由andor连接的同义词词组happyandgay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如ManhasknownenusMarsand的词语，如：Heissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.notatall...handsomehomelyIfyouwanttobeamusician，youusuallyhavetomovetoanareathathasalotofjobs，suchasNewYorkCity.Thecostoflivingintheseareasisusuallyveryhigh.Thethirddisadvantageisthatyoucan’thaveastablefamilylife.Differentjobswilltakeamusiciantodifferentces，somostmusiciansareunabletohavearegularWhatdoestheunderlinedword“stable”meanin B.稳定 C.健康从后一句话说“Differentjobswill...aregularfamily.”，由句中的“differentces”和“regular”所以可判断B为正确答案。三、因果(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)表示前因。例如Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn'thisfault.for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)blameThelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken. Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheyercouldneverythesportagain.从后面的结果"不能再运动"中，可以推测permanent意思是四、描述法（解释法描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解或某物而对该人或该物做出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：Thepenguinisakindofabirdivingntheuthle.Itisftandksinafnnyughitcannotfy，itcanminhecyertoathhefish.从例的描述中可以得知pengin是一种南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。Example:Abagisusefulandtheword“bag”isuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases(短语).Oneis“toletthecatoutofthebag”.Itisthesameas“tolasecret”….Nowwhensomeoneletsout(泄漏)asecret,he“letsthecatoutofthebag.”John“letsthecatoutofthebag”meanshe A.makeseveryoneknowa B.thewomanboutaC.buysacatinthe D.sellsthecatinthe在这篇文章里，“letthecatoutofthebag”Itisthesameas“tolasecret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。五、同位法（并列法Theytraveledalongwayatlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldalargebuildinginoldtimescastle的确切词义，即"城堡"Weareonthenightshift----frommidnightto8a.m.---thisnightshift六、对比法（转折法Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstbutbut前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天"第一节上了一半才来"，因此反向七、构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibilitypossiblepossibility意思是"可能性"。分解复合如：background——back+groundclassroom——class+roomrunaway——run+awaynewspaper——news+paper辨认前in-,il- indirect间接地，illite文盲的，illegalim-,ir- impatient不耐烦的，irregular不规则mis-误、 misunderstand误解，mistake错误misjudge误un- unfairre-再、重新；返 remarry再婚，return返dis- dislike不喜欢，dishonest不诚over-超出、过 overwork工作过under-不 underdeveloped不发达sub-在……下 subway地pre-在……前、预 preschool入学前的、学龄前post-在…… postwar战co-共同、一 co-owner共有ex- ex-wife前bi-两、 bicycle自行non- non-existence不存在，non-essential不主要anti-反 anti-Japanese抗辨认后-ful充满的，有……性质 peaceful和平-less -y充满…….的，似…… snowy多雪-able(-ible)可…….的；能……的 movable可移动的 amazement-ion,-ation状态，机构 suggestion建议，education教育，organization组 kindnesshappiness activity活动，feasibility difficulty actor男演 leader首 scientist科学家，艺术-ship才能，状态，资格，品质 neighborhood dom自 difference-ism道义，主义，学说等 idealism，impressionism，racism种族主义 purify modernize sharpen副词后缀 happily，例1：Whenawisemisuseshiswisdom,hewilldogreatharmto2：ThecolorofHawaiiinsummerare例3：Thespeakerendhisargumentbyproducingfactsand八、背景、判断ThefollowingmorningwhenIwenttoseehowmycaptive(caged)birdwasng,Idiscovereditonthefloorofthecage,dead.Iwasterriblysurprised!Whathadhappened!Ihadtakenextremelycareofmylittlebird.ArthurWayne,thefamousornithologist,whohappenedtobevisitingmyfatheratthetime,hearingmecryingoverdeathofmybird,exinedwhathadhappened.“Amothermockingbird,findingheryounginacage,willsometimesbringitpoisonberries(毒莓).Shethinksitbetterforheryoungtodiethantoliveincaptivity.”Anornithologistisprobablyawho A.studies B.loves C.majorsin D.takescareofOrnithologistA。九、逻辑推Astheygoaroundtown,thehelppeople.Sometimestheyfindlostchildren.Theytakethechildrenhome.Iftheseeafight,theyputanendtoitrightaway.Sometimespeoplewillaskthehowtogettoaceintown.Thecanalwayslthepeoplewhichwaytogo.Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell.Inthetext,“putanendto”means A. B. C. D.A。 如：Parentswhosechildrenshowaspecialinterestinaparticularsporthaveadifficultdecisiontomakeabouttheirchildren’scareer.先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parentshaveadecision.，再找出修饰语WhosechildrenshowaspecialinterestinaparticularsportParents的定语从句，difficultdecision，tomakeabouttheirchildren'scareers为不decision的定语。经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。试分析下面的句子1）However,NetspeakersdoagreethatitisimportanttoteachyoungpeoplehowtospeakandwriteStandard2）IcanunderstandNetspeakworriesteachersandit’simportantthattheygetacrosstotheirpupilsthattextmessagingisforfun,butthatlearningtowriteproperEnglishisamustfortheirfuture.Second,theybelievethatforcingstudentstoworkwithoutpaygoesagainsttheTheymayspellwordsusingfingerspellingwhichisdonewithasetofhandshapesthatstandforlettersofthe5)Signlanguagesdevelopnaturallywhenpeoplewithsharedcultureandneedswanttocommunicatewitheachother.Signersarecloselylinkedtoeachother,perhapsmorethantospeakingpeopleintheirown十一、最后绝招找答案（此招有如葵花宝典，最后关头才能用招式招式2：选项中有绝对语气词一般不是正确答案，词通常不对，这些语气词有：always,themost,never,all,only,no,none,hardly等；而选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词是正确选项的概率较大，这些语气词有：may,often,usually,might,could,moreorless,possible等。要求学生既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生自身所拥有的去推理、判断个W（who,when,what,where,why）和5个H（howsoon,howlong,howoften,howmany/much,how章中有60%-90%的段落开头为句，表达出该段的思想，有的开头句思想不明确，结尾句则可能提出。从段落的开头句和结尾句往往能尽快找到这一段的（3）结尾段落，表明立场。多数文ThepopulationoftheEarthisgrowingfaster.ItisimportantthatwelookaftertheEarth.Weneedit!TheEarthgivesusalotofthings.WealsogivetheEarthalot,butsomeofthethingsarenotgood.Innature,whensomethingdies,otheranimalsandntsgetfoodfromit.Everyanimalorntgivesfoodforotheranimalsornts.However,animalscan’tgetfoodfrommanyofthethatwe‘give’theEarth.Animalsandntscan’teatmetal,sticandglass.Thesethingswillstayinthegroundformany,many,manySomerubbishisverydangerousforntsandanimals.Insomeces,manyanimalslivetogether.Oneanimalmakesfoodformanymoreanimals.Ifweputrubbishandchemicalsinthewater,thenkton(浮游生物)candie.Ifthereisn’tanynkton,manyanimalshavenothingtoSowhatcanwedo?Don’tleaveanyrubbishinthecountryside!Don’tmakesomuchrubbish! A. B. C. D. waterandgrassare C.otheranimalsandntsget D.metalandglassstayinthe putmetalinthe C.keepinthe D.makeless答案Choosingwhichuniversitytogotoisoneofthebiggestandmostexpensivedecisionsyou’llhavetoHerearesomethingstoWorkoutwhetheryouwanttostudyathomeorabroad.Ifyou’regoingabroad,firstyouhavetothinkofthecostofyourstudy,livingexpensesandtheflighttickets.Decidewhichcoursesinterestyouandfindoutmoreaboutwhowillteachthecourse.Trytocollectinformationfrompaststudents.Checkouttheabilityoftheteachers.Studythekeysubjectsinthecourseandcomparethemwiththe fromotheruniversities.Findoutiftheuniversityoffersworkforpracticeorexchangeprogramsforthecourseyou’reinterestedCheckwhattheuniversity’s(政策)isforswitching(转换)coursesintheuniversityorchangingManyuniversitiesnowhavewebsites.UsethemasachancetoasktheuniversitiesallthequestionsyouVisiteducationexhibitions(展览会You’llbeabletofindoutmorebytalkingtoteachersfromdifferentuniversities,andtheycanbefoundeasilyatthesametime.Gotoseetheuniversityifyoucan.Ifthisisnotpossiblebecauseofthecost,dosomeresearchandfindoutwheretheuniversityisaswellastheenvironmentaroundit.Itshouldn’tbetoohardtodothatwithprogramslikeMaps. A. B. C. D. Thinkofthe B.FindoutaC.Choosethe D.Checktheteachers’ Checkthe C.Use D.Gotoseethe答案StudentsoftenwanttopracticetheirEnglishoutsideclass.OneofthebestwaysofpracticingyourEnglishistospeaktoforeigners.Mostofthestudentsask,“IsitOKtotalktoforeignerswhenwemeettheminthestreet?”Theanswerisyesandno,butprobablyno!Ifyouseeaforeignerwholookslost,itispolitetoaskhimorher,“MayIhelpyou?”Butifnot,youshouldprobablylethimorhergoonwiththebusiness.Thatis,youcantalktoaforeigneratsometimeorces.ItisquiteOKtoaskhimorherquestionsifaforeignercomesintoyourschool,classroomoryourteachers’office.It’salsoOKtotalktoforeignersinsomepublicces.Ifyouseeaforeignerandthereisnootheronewithhimorherinarestaurant,awaitingroom,orashop,itistherighttimeforyoutoaskhimorher,“Isthisseat?”orquestionslikethis.Youcanprobablyhelpthemiftheyarenewto.Andiftheyarealone,youmaybeabletomakethemfeelmore e.It’sapleasuretotalktoaforeignerifyouchoosetherighttimeandce.WhatisthebestwaytopracticeyourSpeaktoyour B.SpeaktoaC.Speaktoyour D.SpeaktoWhenyoutrytotalktoaforeigneraloneinapark,usuallyhemay e B.go C.feel D.keepIt’sagoodwaytotalktoforeigners A. B.intheright C.attheright D.bothBandThebesttitleforthispassageis howtolearnEnglishin B.howtotalktoC.whytolearn D.whentospeakEnglishoutside答案it,that,they等代词所指代对象but,howeveryet,otherwise,though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前等表示前因定义或解释形式多样，is,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,call,mean,dealwith,referto等词汇或者破折号Anyonewhocaresaboutwhatschoolsandcollegesteachandhowtheirstudentslearnwillbeinterestedinthememoir(回忆录)ofRalphW.TylerwhoisoneofthemostfamousmeninAmericaneducation.BorninChicagoin1902,broughtupandschooledinNebraska,the19-year-oldcollegegraduateRalphTylerbecamehookedonteachingwhileteachingasascienceteacherinSouthDakotaandchangedhismajorfrommedicinetoeducation.GraduateworkattheUniversityofChicagofoundhimconnectedwithhonorableeducatorsCharlesJuddW.W.Charters,whoseideasofteachingandtestinghadaneffectonhislaterwork.In1927,hebecameateacherofOhioStateUniversitywherehefurtherdevelopedanewmethodoftesting.Tylerbecamewell-knownnationalityin1938,whenhecarriedhisworkwiththeEight-YearStudyfromOhioStateUniversitytotheUniversityofChicagoattheinvitationofRobertHutchins.TylerwasthefirstdirectoroftheCenterforAdvancedStudyintheBehavioralSciencesatStanford,apositionheheldforfourteenyears.There,hefirmlybelievedthatresearchersshouldbetoseekanindependentspiritintheirwork.AlthoughTylerofficiallyretiredin1967,heneveractuallyretired.HeservedonalonglistofeducationalorganizationsintheUnitedStatesandabroad.Eveninhis80shetraveledacrossthecountrytoadviseteachersandmanagementpeopleonhowtosetobjectives(目标thatdevelopthebestteachingandlearningwithintheir1.WhoaremostprobablyinterestedinRalphW.Tyler’sA.TopC.SeriousD.Science2.Theunderlinedteaching”inParagraph.A.interestedin C.satisfiedwith D.unhappyabout A.TheUniversityof C.OhioState D.Nebraska答案Tuckedawayinoursub-consciousnessisanidyllicvision.Weseeourselvesonalongtripthatspansthecontinent.Wearetravelingbytrain.Outthewindows,wedrinkinthepassingsceneofcarsonnearbyhighways,ofchildrenwavingatacrossing,ofcattlegrazingonadistanthillside,ofsmokepouringfromapowernt,ofrowuponrowofcornandwheat,offlatlandsandvalleys,ofmountainsandrollinghillsides,ofcityskylinesandvillageButuppermostinourmindsisthefinaldestination.Onacertaindayatacertainhour,wewillpullintothestation.Bandswillbeyingandflagswaving.Oncewegetthere,somanywonderfuldreamswillcometrueandthepiecesofourliveswillfittogetherlikeacompletedjigsawpuzzle.Howrestlesslywepacetheaisles,damningtheminutesforloitering——waiting,waiting,waitingforthestation.“WhenIputthelastkidthroughcollege.”“WhenIhavepaidoffthemortgage!”“WhenIgetapromotion.”“WhenIreachtheageofretirement,Ishalllivehappilyeverafter!”Soonerorlater,wemustrealizethereisnostation,noonecetoarriveatonceandforall.Thetruejoyoflifeisthetrip.Thestationisonlyadream.Itconstantlyoutdistancesus.“Enjoythemoment”isagoodsaying,especiallywhencoupledwiththePsalm118:24:“ThisisthedaywhichtheLordhasmade;wewillrejoiceandbegladinit.”Itisn'ttheburdensoftodaythatdrivemenmad.Itistheregretsoveryesterdayandthefearoftomorrow.Regretandfeararetwinthieveswhorobusoftoday.Sostoppacingtheaislesandcountingthe.Instead,climbmoremountains,eatmoreicecreams,gobarefootmoreoften,swimmorerivers,watchmoresunsets,laughmore,cryless.Lifemustbelivedaswegoalong.Thestationwillcomesoonenough.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraphThreerefertoA.The B.The C.The D.TheTheunderlinedsentence“Lifemustbelivedaswegoalong.”inparagraphSixmeans .A.WeshouldgiveupworkinghardbecauseofB.WeshouldregardourlifeasatripwithoutC.WeshouldtravelasmuchaspossibletoenjoyD.Weshouldappreciateeverysecondandenjoytheprocess3Thebesttitleforthepassage A.Treasurethe B.RealizetheC.Travelonthe D.Returntothe答案ConnorBloomhadanamazingtwoweeksatStanfordUniversitythissummer.Everypartoftheexperiencewasamazing.Theparticleaccelerator(粒子)?Amazing.Thechancetomeetlike-mindedkidsfromacrosstheworld?Youguessedit...Bloom,14,aneighth-graderatWhitefishMiddleSchoolinMontana,US,participatedinaspecialcampatStanfordUniversity.Thecampholdsmanydifferentclassesforstudentswhowanttochallenge()WhenBloomlookedonlineandsawthatStanfordwastoholdthe“GiftedYouth”program,hesignedup(报名).“Ilikephysicsandmath.Iliketostudynewthingsandfindouteverythingaboutthem,”saidBloom.“That’swhatmademewanttosignup.”Hehandedinhistestscoresfromfifthgradeon,wroteanarticleandgot mendation推荐lettersfromteachers.Bloomstoodoutamongthousandsofstudentsandgottheinvitation.Bloomhadagreattimewith86studentsfromallovertheworld.Onthefirstday,theylearnedcollege-levelmath.Overthenextfourdaystheygottoworkinlaboratories().Theyeventouchedadeadbodytolearnabouthowthehumanbodyworks.Inthesecondweek,theysawtheschool’sparticleaccelerator-“Ineversawsuchamachinebefore,”Bloom.“Butitwasjustthementalworkout(智力测验)IwashoBloomdidmorethanjuststudyfortwoweeks.Hemadefriendswithstudentsfrom andJapan.Heworkedtogetherwithotherstudentsinclasstolearnbetter.Hespenthistimewithkidswhowerealsomusicfans.“Oncewegottoknoweachother,wehelpedeachotherout,”hesaid.“Welearnedalotfromeachother,that'sforsure.”Bloomgottoknowaboutthe“GiftedYouth”program overthe B.ontheC.on D.fromaTheunderlinedphrase“stoodout” wasasbright B.wasasluckyC.wasbetter D.wasstrongerWecanlearnfromthepassage BloomworkedhardinthecampbyBloommademanyfriendsfromhisBloomlikednotonlysciencebutalsoBloomdidnomorethanlearninghis答案Studieshaveshownittakesadoctorabout18secondstostopapatientafterhebeginsItwasSunday.Ihadonelastpatienttosee.Icameclosetoherroominahurryandstoodatthedoorway.Shewasanolderwoman,sittingattheedgeofthebed,tryingtoputsocksonherswollen(肿大的)feet.Ispokequicklytothenurse,sawherchartsayingshewasinstable(稳定的)condition.Iwasalmostintheclear.SheaskedifIcouldhelpputonhersocks.Instead,Ibeganalongspeechthatwentsomethinglikethis:“Howareyoufeeling?Yourbloodsugarandbloodpressure(血压werehighbutthey’rebettertodayThenursesaidyoucan’twaittoseeyoursonwho’svisitingyoutodayIt’snicetohavefamilyvisitfromfarawayI’msureyoureallylookforwardtoseeinghim.”Shestoppedmewithaseriousvoice.“Sitdown,doctor.Thisismystory,notyourIwassurprisedandashamed.Isatdown.Ihelpedherwiththesocks.Shebegantolmethatheronlysonlivedaroundthecornerfromher,butshehadnotseenhiminfiveyears.Shebelievedthatthepressureofthiscausedgreatlytoherhealthproblems.Afterhearingherstoryandputtingonhersocks,IaskediftherewasanythingelseIcoulddoforher.Sheshookherheadandsd.Allshewantedmetodowastolisten.Listeningtosomeone’sstorycostslessthanexpensivediagnostic(诊断的testingbutiskeytohealing(痊愈).Ioftenthoughtofwhatthatwomantaughtme—theimportanceofstop,sittingdownandtrulylistening.And,notlongafter,unexpectedly,Ibecamethepatient,withadiagnosisofsclerosis(硬化症)atage31.Now,yearslater,Isitallthetime—inaForaslongasIcould,Itoseepatientsfrommychair,butIhadtogiveupmyjobwhenmyhandswereinfluenced.Istillteachmedicalstudentsandotherhealthcareprofessionals,butnowfromtheviewofdoctorandpatient.IlthemIbelieveinthepower(力量)oflistening.IlthemIknowfirsthandthathugehealingtakescewithinmewhensomeonestops,sitsdownandlistenstomystory. Ithoughteverythingwas B.IwasabouttofinishmyC.Ialmostmademyself D.IwasveryquicklyoutofherFromthe4thparagraph,wecaninferthewoman fromthewayshesaid.showedherangerand C.likedgivingordersto D.couldnotwaittobreak Listening—apowerful C.Alessongivenbya D.Care—akeyto答案。不同的体裁的文章，其表达中心思想方式也不尽相同类往往用一句来概括全篇的内容，然后再进行详细叙述，因此，的首句通常就是其中心的内容；说明文或议往往用句来体现文。Intheageofrealityevision,successisn’ttheonlywaytothepubliceye.Failurecanalsocreatefame,likeWilliamHung,21,anativeofHongHungrecentlyhasmadeanagreementwithUS-basedentertainmentfirmsKochRecordsandFuseMusicNetwork.Theywillpublishafull-lengthrecord,titled“TheTrueIdol”onApril6.TheidolisacivilengineeringstudentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.HedidaversionofRickyMartin’s“SheBangs”ontheevisionshow“AmericanIdol3”,onJanuary27.TheFoxTVsingingcontestsearchesforpopstarsamongordinarypeople.InthecaseofHung,however,hisactwassobadthatthejudgescuthimoffinmid-act.Hung’sresponse?“Ialreadygavemybest,soIhavenoregretsatallThat’sgood,becauseanycommonwouldhavefoundplentytoregretTheoff-keysinging.TheblueHawaiianshirtwornwithpantspulleduptoohigh.Theterribledancing.Thehipsjerking(摇摆)toabeatthatdidnotbelongtothesong,maybenoteventothisnet.Itwas,byallaccounts,bad.But,itwasthisverybadactthatsoldMarcJuris,ofFuse,exineditthisway:“Everyoneofusishappilyguiltyofsingingourfavoritesongatthetopofourlungswithcompletedom,compleyoff-keyandcompleyunworried.That’swhatWilliamdidandimmediaywontheheartsofAmerica.”Whateveritis,forthemomentit’sbig.ThreewebsitesdevotedtoHunghavegoneupontheInternetinthepastfewweeks.Versionsofhisperformancehavebeenremixedwithhiphopandtechno-musicandhavemadeittothetop10requestlistataChicagoradiostation.So,whatdoesHungthinkof“Therewereallthesepeoplesayingthingsaboutme.AlotweresayingIwasverycourageousandthatIwasgreatontheshow,butsomedidn’thavemuchrespectformeandsomewerekindofmean.”Nowhesayshe’snotsosurewhethertodistancehimselffromtheglamour()ortoacceptit.Returningtonormalhasn’tbeeneasy.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph7referA.William B.Hung’sbad C.Hung’s D.Thepublic’sWhichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorderofwhathappenedtoTheentertainmentfirmsmadeanagreementwithThejudgescutHungoffinmid-actinthesingingHungbecamepopularamongHunggaveaterribleperformancethoughhetriedhisThreewebsitesputHung’sfunnyperformanceontheA.d,b,e,c, B.a,c,d,b, C.a,d,b,c, D.d,b,a,e,WhatisthemainideaofthisA.Sometimesanidolbehavesquite B.Hung’sperformanceattractedthepublicC.Howanunsuccessfulbecamefamous.D.Successsometimesdoesnotrequirehard答案：BDI’m14,ayearyoungerthanmostofmyAweekagooneofmyclassmates,Nitin,askedmeforhelpwithmath .Weendeduptalkingaboutcomputersandfile-sharing(共享文件).AswetalkedIfoundthathewasmoreexperiencedandcouldteachmeaboutfile-sharingandnetworking.Wewenttohisroomandwatchedamovieaboutrobotsthathe’ddownloaded.Themath wasforgotten.Thenextdayhecameagainfor help“Whatdoyoudoonweekends?”heasked.Thetruthis,whenIhaveworktodo,Idoit.Ihavenospecialtimetokillwithfriends.Iwasembarrassedaboutthis.IexpectedhimtothinkIwasboringandsaid,“Getalife!”Hesaid,“OK.You’rehavingtroublegettingalongwithpeopleIcanshowyou.I’moldthanyou.”Later,hecheckedmycomputer.HeevenconnectedmetoanInter