英语历年真题2001及解析

2001年攻读入学考试英语试PartIClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Theernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases1thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant2oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea3billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses4andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof5thatcanbegiventoacase6atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee,LordIrvinesaidhe7withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot8sufficientcontrol.9ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda10ofmediawhenhesaidthe11ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges12toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which13theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally14inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas15toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.“Pressdomswillbeinsafehands ourBritishjudges,”hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere tohavereceivedpaymentsforlingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswere witnessesbeencouragedexaggeratetheirstoriesincourt guilty1.［A］as［B］for［C］in［D］such ［B］interpretation［C］exhibition 12.［A］betterthan［B］otherthan ［C］ratherthan ［D］soonerthan ［B］［C］inference PartIIReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionstherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)PassageSpecialisationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits，onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecialisationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthe concernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshave eacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,topursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreindbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyinsciencessuchas [AJsociologyand [B]physicsand[C]sociologyand [D]physicsandWecaninferfromthepassagethat amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofprofessionalstend eamateursintothescientificamateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalTheauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate theprocessofspecialisationandthehardshipofamateursinscientificthechangeofpoliciesinscientificthediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstThedirectreasonforspecialisationis thedevelopmentinthegrowthoftheexpansionofscientificthesplittingupofacademicPassageAgreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethepositivesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.TherearereasonstobeTherearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoreernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleonthenetwillhenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatAndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.ButithasenormousTotakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure（thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety）intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure-includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdownandingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandinfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.Digitaldivideissomething gettingworsebecauseofthetherichcountriesareresponsibletheworldmustguardconsideredpositiveernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit offerseconomiccanbringforeigncansoonwipeoutworldconnectspeopleallovertheThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythe providingfinancialsupportpreventingforeigncapital’sbuildingindustrialacceptingforeignItseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydepandsmuchon howwell-developeditiswhetheritisprejudicedagainstwhetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialhowmuchcontrolithasoverforeignPassageWhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-ysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrrmistakes,combinedwithlotsofheadscratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemtes(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusionsnews.Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaderswhichhelpsexinwhythe“standardtemtes”ofthenewsroomseemalienmanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddlesizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.ThenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesameRepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey’relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsincommunity.Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecominingabout.Ifitdid,itopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.WhatisthepassagemainlyneedsofthereadersalloverthecausesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutoriginsofthedecliningnewspaperaimsofajournalismcredibilityTheresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe quite [B]somewhat[C]very [D]ratherThebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesin working [B]conventional[C]world [D]educationalDespiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits failuretorealizeitsrealtendencytohireannoyinglikelinesstodoinaccurateprejudiceinmattersofraceandPassageTheworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthesecountriesarelookingatthisprocessandworrying:"Won'tthewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoanuncontrollablepetitive?"There'snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.Multinationalcorporationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternationaltradein1982.Todaythefigureismorethan25%andgrowingrapidly.Internationalaffiliatesaccountforafast-growingsegmentofproductionineconomiesthatopenupandeforeigninvestment.InArgentina,forinstance,afterthereformsoftheearly1990s,multinationalswentfrom43%toalmost70%oftheindustrialproductionofthe200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcernsovertheroleofsmallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabilityoftheworldeconomy.IbelievethatthemostimportantsbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomers'demands.Allthesearebeneficial,notdetrimental,toconsumers.Asproductivitygrows,thewealthExamplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishardtoimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheU.S.,whentheStandardOiltrustwasbrokenup.Themergersofcompanies,suchas ,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing-witnessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissan-butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.Afewweeksago,AlanGreenspanwarnedagainstthemegamergersinthebankingindustry.Whoisgoingtosupervise,regulateandoperateaslenderoflastresortwiththegiganticbanksthatarebeingcreated?Won'tmultinationalsshiftproductionfromonecetoanotherwhenanationgetstoostrictaboutinfringementstofaircompetition?Andshouldonecountrytakeuponitselftheroleof“defendingcompetition”onissuesthataffectmanyothernations,asintheUS.vs.case?Whatisthetypicaltrendofbusinessestotakeinmoreforeign [B]toinvestmore[C]tocombineand ebigger. [D]totradewithmoreAccordingtotheauthor,oneofthedrivingsbehindM&Awaveis thegreatercustomer [B]asurplussupplyforthe[C]agrowingproductivity. [D]theincreaseoftheworld'sFromparagraph4wecaninferthat theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandthecostsoftheglobalizationprocessaretheStandardOiltrustmighthavethreatenedTowardthenewbusinesswave,thewriter'sattitudecanhesaidtobe [B][C] [D]PassageWhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImighteapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alalmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”,preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”,andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting-alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”has,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanticonsumerism.Thereareanumberofbestsellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletter's,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-'90sequivalentofdropout.WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomic—afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate’80s——andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe’80s,downshiftinginthemid-'90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife——growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturninginto—asaalrecognitionofyourWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraphFull-timeemploymentisanewinternationalThewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveher“A lmove”meansstepoutoffull-timeThewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherThewriter’sexperimentshowsthatdownshifting enableshertorealizeherhelpshermoldanewphilosophyofpromptshertoabandonherhighsocialleadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShe“Jugglingone’slife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterized non-materialistic [B]abitof[C]extreme [D]anti-Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultthequickpaceofmodernlife [B]man’sadventurous[C]man’ssearchformythical [D]theeconomicPartIIIEnglish-Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15Inlessthan30years’timetheStarTrekholodeckwillbeareality.Directlinksbetweenthebrain’snervoussystemandacomputerwillalsocreatefullsensoryvirtualenvironments,allowingvirtualvacationslikethoseinthefilmTotalRecall.41）Therewillbeevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.42）Childrenwillywithdollsequippedwith alitychips,computerswithin-builtalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantools,relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmellevision,anddigitalagewillhaveAccordingtoBT’sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmillennium（aperiodof1,000years）,whenputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressinallareasoflife.43）Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakece.Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includinganextendedlifeexpectancyanddozensofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand2040.Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks.“Bylinkingdirectlytoournervoussystem,computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck,”hesays.44）Butthat,Pearsonpointsout,isonlythestartofman-machineintegration:“ItwillbethebeginningofthelongprocessofintegrationthatwillultimayleadtoafullyelectronichumanbeforetheendofthenextThroughhisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughsthatcanbepredicted.However,therearestillnoforecastsforwhenfaster-than-lighttravelwillbeavailable,orwhenhumancloningwillbeperfected,orwhentimetravelwillbepossible.Buthedoesexpectsocialproblemsasaresultoftechnologicaladvances.Aboominneighborhoodsurveillancecameraswill,forexample,causeproblemsin2010,whilethearrivalofsyntheticlifelikerobotswillmeanpeoplemaynotbeabletodistinguishbetweentheirhumanfriendsandthedroids.45）Andhomeapplianceswillalsoesosmartthatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthebreakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder—kitchenSectionV46.Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,buteveryonehashis/herownunderstandingofit.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto1）showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow.2）giveaspecificexample,and3）giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoshow第一部分·、、本文是一篇性的文章，介绍了自·发生后，各方面对于付款给证人的反应。文章第一段介绍了的反应：要报界买断证人后一段介绍了的始末。在该中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历·、、[A]asto关于，至 [B]forinstance举inparticular特别 [D]suchas例本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系West之间的关系前者泛“一些著名的后者是一个具体的“对韦astoinparticular。forinstance（forexample）可instance,themovementwasgrowingbyleapsandbounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在Theernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapers（要报界付钱给证人，现在分词结构seekingtobuyup...RosemaryWestnewspapers，意为“试图收买涉及一些要案[A]tightening[B]intensifying[C]focusing集 [D]fastening扣紧，扎本题考核的知识点是：动词词义辨析yourmindonworkandstudy.（你应该努力把思想集中在工作和学习上）文章第一段只提control：Thepresshasintensifieditsscrutinyofthecontrol常与control构成的搭配还有：gain/take/lose/seize～of，have/hold～over,offer～，setup～。[A]sketch略图，草稿，梗 [B]rough概略的，不完善、未完成[C]preliminary初步的，预备 [D]draft草稿，草案，草本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配billdraftbill（提交议会讨论的）bill于“初步的，不完整的，简略的”的含义，sketchsketchmap（略图、示意图roughpreliminaryapreliminaryexamination（初试。[A]illogical不符合逻辑 [B]illegal [D]improper不适当的，不正确本题考核的知识点是：形容词词义辨析空格所在部分是that引导的定语从句thatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses4，修饰先行词bill，说明是怎样一种法案。其中从句的宾语是一个复合结构makingpaymenttowitness4使给证人支付的行为…，解此题时，考生文章第一句提到“要报界收买一些要案的证人的举动，第二段首句紧接着提到“为了加强对报界的控制，官勋爵将要提出这个法案。从逻辑上讲，和官的行为应该是一致的那么官提出法律草案的目的也是报界收买证人的做法。illegalillogical合逻辑，如：Sometimesillogicalbehaviorsmayresultinagreatinvention.（有时improbablethatshewillgo.（她不大可能会走；improper弱，如：anactimpropertotheoccasion（不合时宜的行为。[A]publicity公开，公诸于 [B]penalty处罚，罚[C]popularity普遍，流 [D]peculiarity特性，怪本题考核的知识点是：逻辑语义搭配空格所在部分是：abillthatwillpropose…andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof_5thatcanbegiventoacase。从结构上看，空格处填入的名词，既是controlthatgivesth.toacaseA.publicity，givepublicitytosth.（宣扬/公布控制的公开程度。；enjoy／win（受欢迎；Oneofthepeculiaritiesofhisbehavioristhatheshoutsinsteadof[A]since自…以后，自…以 [B]if如果，要是，即[C]before在…之前 [D]as当…之时，与…一[答案]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑推理本题需要考生判断空格处应填入什么连词来连接这两个动作“严格限制的公开程度”和“审判开始。根据上下文逻辑推理，之所以要报界付钱给的证人，是公正不能因为这些观点影响的因此要严格控制的应该是在开“之前[A]sided(with)与()站在同一边，同意的观shared(with)complied(with)agreed(with)本题考核的知识点是：动词短语语义辨析withsth.with例句补充：Hesharedthestorywithus.（他给我们讲了这个故事；Thepatientcompliedwiththephysician’sorders.（遵从医生的嘱咐。[A]present[B]offermanifest[D]indicate本题考核的知识点是：动词词义辨析批评报界收买证人，随意公开的情况，自我约束力度不够。四个选项中，manifest和控。presentThecommitteeispresentingitsinvestigationreportnextweek.（将于下星期提出报告。例句补充：Hedoesn’tmanifestmuchinterestinhisstudies.（他对学业没多大；Thesymptomsindicateimmediatesurgery.（症状表明需要立即做外科手术。[A]Release释放，放 [B]Publication，公之于[C]Printing印刷，打印，[D]Exposure，本题考核的知识点是：名词词义辨析表，发布”的意思，但它强调的是经过努力才得以，多用于消息（发布、影片或者书一些不好的事情，如违法或行为，如：exposureofgraftinthe[A]（a）stormof)（感情或激动）的爆发；一阵本题考核的知识点是：名词词义辨析空格所在部分是：LordIrvinecauseda10ofmedia，这里描述了的程度。从结构上来看，填入的名词应与“media”搭配。从文意来看，其含义应是（引起了）一片（的。storm可以与a…of的形式搭配，表示“一阵猛烈的情感爆发或一阵，如：astormoftears（泪如雨下，astormof（一ragearage，如：beinarage，flewflare，a；flash，a因此用astormof修饰media形象地描绘了的激烈程度。[A]translation[B]interpretation[C]exhibition[Ddemonstration本题考核的知识点是：名词词义辨析theinterpretationofprivacycontrols“解释、阐释（语言以外的东西translate，interpret，相当于exin，如：HowcanIinterpretedhisbehavior?（我怎么解释他的行为。[A]betterthan好过，胜 [B]otherthan不同于；除[C]ratherthan是…而不是，与其…[D]soonerthan快于，早本题考核的知识点是：介词短语辨析本题空格前后连接的是两个介词短语（left）tojudges（留给）与（left）toParliament（留给国会interpretationofprivatecontrols，显“会”本身就是客观事实，不至于会引起的一片，因此可推知ratherthan最恰当，Theseshoesarecomfortableratherthanpretty.（这双鞋子是舒服而不是好看。文中意思为“把隐私控制的解释权留给而不留给国会。[A]changes改变，，改 [B]makes制造，安排，使（成为[C]sets致使，使（）做某事 [D]turns（使）转动，翻转（使）变质[答案]B本题考核的知识点是：动词用法whichwhichtheHumanRightsBill。从本题和下一题的选项可看出两个空格应分别填入动词和形make常接形容词做宾语补足语，如：madeherpositionclear（使地位化；setsettheboyright（纠正孩子的错误，agoodrestwillsetyouright（休息将使你的，set，set…[A]binding有约束力 [B]convincing具有说服力[C]restraining[D]sustaining本题考核的知识点是：形容词词义辨析ConventiononHumanRightslegally14。其次根据上下文，theHumanRightsBill…laiddownthateverybodywas15toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies（法案规定每一个人都…隐私权，公众人物可以走上去保护自己和他们的家人，因此从《法案》的具体内（bindingA[A]authorized被[B]credited把…归于，认为属于[C]entitled有资格，能胜任[D]qualified[答案]本题考核的知识点是：to空格所在部分的搭配是be+过去分词+tosth.，其中to是介词。四个选项中，be……，wasauthorizedbyherpartnertonegotiatewiththedealer.（她与经销商谈判；becreditedtosth.意为“把…归于或某物，认为属于……，如：Superpowersarecreditedtothebigstone.（人们认为这块大石头有超能，该词组虽（他有权领取[A]with和，带着，以…方式，由…负 [B]to向，直到，靠着…，伴[C]from从…（时间，离开，因 [D]by在附近，经，依据，通本题考核的知识点是：介词的用法本题考查哪个介词可以与insafehands（安然无恙）搭配。空格所在句子是Pressdomswillbeinsafe ourBritishjudges（由掌握thechildwithyou.（我将把这孩子交给你。[A]impact冲撞，冲击，影 [B]，事[C]inference推断，结 [D]issue问题，争论本题考核的知识点是：名词词义辨析，先考生需知道West和前面提到的thetrialofRosemaryWest联系起来，这个的影响很大和都要严格控制报界付款给证人的行为。由此可以推断出付款给证人的做法应该成为颇有争议的问题（issue，而不只是一个（，或推断，（inferenc（impacthave/makeagreatimpactonsth.，例句：Thisbookhadagreatimpactonits[A]stated陈述，表 [B]remarked陈述，发言，评[C]said [D]told告本题考核的知识点是：动词用法辨析Upto19witnesseswere18tohavereceivedpayments，其谓语动词是语态的复合结构：be+过去分词+tohavedonesth.。适用这个结构的只C，besaidtohavedonesth19个证人因向报社讲述他们的故事而获得。[A]what关系代 [B]when关系副which关系代 [D]that关系代本题考核的知识点是：同位语从句中的关系代词concusio（deiio（doub（eviencefac（hop（ide（new（，proble（rumo（suggestio（trut（[A]assure[Bconfide[C]ensure[D]guarantee本题考核的知识点是：动词词义辨析（guiltyverdicts，confideensure根据文意，证人的目的就是想确保让得到定罪，因此ensure最符合句意。·要报界付钱给涉及一些要案的证人以图收买他们的举动。审判·，为了加强对报界的法律控制官勋爵将要提出一个法案的草案。这一法案将，·，在给下院选择的中勋爵说他同意该委员洲中所包含的关于隐私权的控制的解释权将留给而不是国会时他的这一作法遭到了的一片。两天后，这封信便公布于众。·，“由掌握将安然无恙，他说道自在1995年被十项后，给证人付的做法就成了颇有争议的问为了确保给定罪，可能会被怂恿在上夸大事实。第三部分19Thegrowthofspecialisationin 21.19世纪专业化的发展 19thcenturymightbemoreclearly insciencessuchas sociologyand [A]physicsand [B]sociologyand [C]physicsand [D]［答案［解析］本题考核的知识点是：事实细节题+“19这使得非专业研究人员越来越大的这个趋势在以数学训练或训练为基础的，物理学、化学与地质学都是以数学和培训为基础的科学，而社会学和心理学则DWecaninferfromthepassagethat .22．从文中，我们可以推断 thereislittledistinctionbetween specialisationandamateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasof professionalstendto eamateurs intothescientific amateurshavenationalacademicsocieties[Ｄ]非专业研究人员拥有性的学butnolocal ［答案“文章第一段最后两“专业仅仅是科学内影响交流过程的系列相关学因而排除A项二段最一句专业的发展业余研者的进入带来了，这种势在某些科领域尤为突其暗含的意思是在外一些领域专业B或者以另在围内联”不符。“Theauthorwritesofthedevelopment23．作者提到地质学发展的目的是为了ofgeologytodemonstrate. theprocessofspecialisation thehardshipofamateurs scientificthechangeofpoliciesinscientific[Ｃ]科技物方针的变thediscriminationof against［答案同研究方式业余人员在专业上的及专业和业余两种不同的和学会的形成。可见，作者举例的目的是描述职业化和专业化形成的过程，A旨在说明的问题。DThedirectreasonforspecialisationis24.造成专业化的直接原因.［A］thedevelopmentin ［B］thegrowthof ［C］theexpansionofscientific ［D］thesplittingupofacademicsocieties[Ｄ]学术团体的［答案第一段第一句“专业化过程可以看作是对科学知识不断积累问题的反映，其中BD①Nevertheless,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthat位语从句，从句的主干是：theisnotfullyintegratedintoandnotfully②Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.Thetrendwasobviousin...andcanbeillustratedintermsof...。sciencebasedonIntermsof“③AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptabler