高三英语现在分词

〔一〕现在分词1第一页，共39页。(1).现在分词的语法形式现在分词无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.其时态和语态的变化形式与动名词相同.2第二页，共39页。时态\语态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式Doing

havingdonebeingdoneHavingbeendone3第三页，共39页。(2)、现在分词的句法功能具有形容词和副词的特征,可充当成分:表语,定语,宾语补足语,状语4第四页，共39页。1.现在分词作表语现在〞使(令)…怎样.〞如:Thenewsisverydisappointing.Hisstoryisverymoving.(encouraging,inspiring,exciting,interesting….)5第五页，共39页。2.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语,表示主动意义,它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系

Don’twakeupthe

sleeping

boy.=Don’twakeuptheboy

whoissleepingIdon’tknowtheman

writingsomethingoverthere.=Idon’tknowtheman

whoiswritingsomethingoverthere.6第六页，共39页。B.说明中心词所具有的动作功能.译成〞使(令)…..如何〞.Whendidyouhearthedisappointingnews?=Whendidyouhearthenewsthatcoulddisappointpeople.7第七页，共39页。用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者或承受者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；宾补,如:see,lookat,watch,notice,find,observe,listento,hear,smelltaste,feel…表示正在进行的意义Lookatthesnowfalling.Wefoundthemreadingintheclassroom.Whenheawoke,hefound

himselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.8第八页，共39页。B.作使役动词的宾补,如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch…表示〞使…进行/处于(某种状态)〞,强调动作或状态的持续性.Canyoukeeptheclockgoing?Thejokesetthemalllaughing.Thebosshasthemworkingalldaylong.9第九页，共39页。注意:现在分词不作make,let的宾补Whomadehimdoingthework?Whomadehimdothework?Letmehelpingyou.Letmehelpyou.×√√×10第十页，共39页。4.现在分词作状语现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果,让步、伴随或方式等状语。11第十一页，共39页。1)作时间状语,可以表示三个时间概念A.表示和谓语动作同时发生,相当于“assoonas〞引导的时间状语从句Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.=Assoonasheheardthegoodnews,he…=Onhearingthegoodnews,he…12第十二页，共39页。B.谓语动词的动作发生在分词动作的过程中,表示〞在做某事期间〞相当于由when/while引导的时间状语从句Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=When/WhileIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=When/Whilewalkinginthestreet,Icameacross…13第十三页，共39页。C.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时.如:Havingdonehishomework,theboywentouttoplay.Havingwrittenhiscompositionhebegantodohismathhomework.14第十四页，共39页。Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgo…Notknowingwhattodonext,hewenttohisteacherforadvice.=Because/Ashedidn’tknowwhattodonext,hewentto…15第十五页，共39页。B.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时.如:Havingseenthefilmmanytimes,hedidn’tgotoseeitlastnight.Havingwalkedforalongtime,allofusfeltverytired.16第十六页，共39页。3)作条件状语,相当于由if引导的条件状语从句

(If)Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfind…Standingontopofthemountain,youcanseethevillagemoreclearly.=Ifyoustandontopofthemountain,youcan….17第十七页，共39页。4)作让步状语,相当于由although/though引导的让步状语从句Although/Though

gettingupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.=Although/Thoughhegotupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn’trememberit.18第十八页，共39页。5)作伴随状语(方式状语),表示同谓语的动作同时发生,相当于由并列连词连接的两个并列动作.Theysatthereonthestone,talkingwitheachother.=Theysatthereonthestoneandtalkedwitheachother.注意:只有现在分词的一般式才可作伴随状语,且常放于主句后.19第十九页，共39页。6)作结果状语,现在分词的动作同谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生.Themotherdied,leavingfivechildrenbehind.Theyfiredattheenemy,killingtwo.20第二十页，共39页。现在分词无论作何种状语,它的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,句子的主语可能是分词动作的执行者,句子的主语也可能是分词动作的承受者.但在一些表示说话者态度的固定表达方式中,分词短语的逻辑主语和句子的主语是不一致的.这种结构常见的有:1)Generally/strickly/broadly/…+speaking2)Judgingfrom…3)Consideringthat…21第二十一页，共39页。Generallyspeaking,menarestrongerthanwomen.(=Ifwearetospeakgenerally,…)Judgingfromhislooks,somethingbadmusthavehappenedtohim.Consideringthatshehasnoexperience,shehasdoneagoodjob.22第二十二页，共39页。(3).现在分词的时态现在分词有两种时态A.现在分词的一般式(doing):表示分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生.如:Theystoodthere,talking.Walkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.23第二十三页，共39页。B.现在分词的完成式(havingdone):表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前.如:Havingdonetheirhomework,theboywenthome.Havingbeentheremanytimes,heknewtheplaceverywell.24第二十四页，共39页。(4).现在分词的语态当一个现在分词逻辑上的主语是现在分词动作的承受者,这个现在分词一般要用被动形式①作名词的后置定语，表示当时正在进行的被动动作Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.现在正在维修的那座楼房是我们的图书馆。Thisisoneoftheexperimentsbeingcarriedoutinourlaboratory.25第二十五页，共39页。②用作宾语补足语，表示当时正在进行的被动动作You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingbuilt.26第二十六页，共39页。③作状语,表示当时正在进行的被动动作如：

Beingcooledintheair,thesteelisbecomingharderandharder.注:如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生有时需要用现在分词的完成被动式(havingbeendone)Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentovisitthedining-room.27第二十七页，共39页。Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.决定作出后，下一个问题就是如何制定一个好方案现在分词的完成式无论主动式(havingdone)还是被动式(havingbeendone),在句子中一般只作状语.28第二十八页，共39页。注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时那么用完成式havingdone。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规那么“主动进行，被动完成〞。〔----此说法正确吗？前提是现在分词)③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。29第二十九页，共39页。高考点击1.______theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.Notcompleting B.NotcompletedC.Notcompleting D.Nothavingcompleted30第三十页，共39页。2．Themanager,_______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A．whohasmade B．havingmadeC．made D．making3．Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.A．caused B．tohavecausedC．tocause D．havingcaused31第三十一页，共39页。4．______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A．Beingseparated B．Havingseparated C．Havingbeenseparated D．Tobeseparated32第三十二页，共39页。5.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghung B.hangingC.hangs D.beinghung33第三十三页，共39页。6．ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toform B.formC.forming