八年级牛津版(上册)unit1课文

Unit1Encyclopaedias一、词汇课文复现二、词汇句型语法知识拓展三、高频词汇inventorincludemusicianwinfindout四、语法专题复合不定代词someanysomebodyanybodynobody（some和any）被动语态初步认识五、课文重点句型及短语归纳encyclopaedian.百科全书humanadj. 人的dinosaurn. 恐龙﹡Italiann.意大利人，Italyn意大利AllroadsleadtoRome.（谚）条条大路通罗马；殊途.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.（ 谚）罗马城不是一天建成的；伟业非一日可成WheninRomedoastheRomansdo.inventorn. 发明家musiciann. 音乐家scientistn. 科学家bornv.（beborn） 出生countrysiden. 乡村;农村TheItalianmusicianwasborninFrance,andwhenhewasattheageoffive,hetogetherwithhisparentsmovedtoItaly.Helikeddrawing,playingmusicandinventingthingsatschool.Hehadmanyinventions,elligencen.才智;智慧﹡artisticadj.有艺术天赋的12.abilityn.才能；能力13.perhapsadv.可能;大概14.inventionn.发明15.notebookn.笔记本16.includev.包括；包含17.evenadv.(强调出乎意料）甚至18.howeveradv.然而19.suddenlyadv.突然；忽然20.nobodypron.没有人21.﹡fossiln.化石22.winv.(won,won)( 在比赛中)获胜,赢23.dollarn.元（美国、加拿大等国货币单位）24.inthecountryside 在乡村;在农村25.humanbeing人26.dieout灭绝;消失27.findout 了解(到);弄清28.goforawalk去散步一、词汇课文复现一、课文再现Lookitup!Herearetwoarticlesfromanencyclopaedia.DaVinci,LeonardoLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)wasanItalianpainter,inventor,musician,engineerandscientist.DaVinciwasborninthecountryside.Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability.Ashegrewolder,helearnttodomanydifferentthings.Hispaintingsareveryfamous,andone,theMonaLisa,isperhapsthemostfamouspaintingintheworld.Healsohadmanyinventions.Forexample,hisnotebooksincludesomeinterestingdrawingsofflyingmachines.(SeeArt)DinosaursDinosaurslivedonEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbegins.TheylivedeverywhereonEarth.Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.Otherswereasbigastenelephants.Somecouldevenfly.Manydinosaursateplants.However,somedinosaurslikedtoeatmeat.DinosaurslivedonEarthformorethan150millionyears.Then,suddenly,theyalldiedout.Nobodyknowswhy.However,wecanlearnaboutthemfromtheirfossils.(SeeEarthhistory)查找它这里有来自百科全书的两篇文章。列奥纳多?达?芬奇列奥纳多?达?芬奇(1452-1519)是意大利画家,发明家,音乐家,工程师和科学家。达芬奇出生在农村。从很小的时候,他表现出极大的智慧和艺术才能。当他长大时 ,他学会了做很多不同的事情。他的画是非常出名的 ,其中一个,蒙娜丽莎,也许是世界上最著名的画。他也有很多发明。例如,他的笔记本包括一些有趣的飞行机器的图画。 (见艺术)恐龙恐龙生活在地球上人类6000万多年前。他们生活在地球各个地方。一些恐龙和鸡一样小。其他的有十头大象一样大。一些甚至可以飞。许多恐龙吃植物。然而,一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。恐龙在地球上生活了1.5亿多年。然后,突然,他们都灭绝了。没有人知道为什么。不过,我们可以从化石中了解他们。(见地球历史)P.13MorepracticeAustralia'sbigattractionsAustraliaisaverybigcountry.Italsohasmanybigattractions.TheBigBananaTheBigBananaisinCoffsHarbour.Itwasmadein1964byJohnLandy.Landywantedsomethingtomakepeoplecometohisfruitshop,sohebuilttheBigBanana.Theideaworked.ManypeoplevisitedhisfruitshopandtookpicturesoftheBigBanana.SoonpeoplealloverAustraliabeganmakingbigthings.TheBigMerinoTheBigMerinoisinthecityofGoulburn.Merinosareatypeofsheep.Theycanliveindryweather.SomeplacesinAustraliaareverydry,sothesesheepareveryimportanttothefarmersthere.InsidetheBigMerino,thereisasmallmuseumaboutthehistoryofwoolinAustralia.VisitorscanalsoclimbuptotheBigMerion 'sheadandlookattheviewthroughitseyes.二、词汇句型语法知识拓展painterpaint动词改为名词加上后缀-erteach-teachersing-singerread-readervisit-visitorinvent-inventor有些动词加上-er或者加上-or变为名词多指男性，若指女性加后缀-ressactor-actresswaiter-waitresstailor-tailoressauthor-authoresscookn./v.Ihavesomequestionsaboutdinosaurs.About指代内容比较普遍,on暗指内容是专门的，是学术性的Thereisn 'tanybodyintheroom.不定代词为单数Therebe这里有复合不定代词Isthereanythingontheblackboard?(P9)Isthereanythingonthenoticeboard?(P9)Isthereanybodyabovetheteacher?(P9)Isthereanybodybythewindow?(P9)Isthereanythingabovetheteacher?(P9)Isthereanythingundertheteacher'sdesk?(P9)Isthereanyonebehindtheteacher?(P9)Isthereanythingonthebookcase?(P9)Isthereanyonenexttothepiano?(P9)Grammar复合不定代词、some和anysome和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词，表示“一些⋯⋯ .”,但是二者在用法上还是有一定的区别的。、some一般用于肯定句或者表示请、建议并希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。Davidhassomefriendsinshanghai.MayIhavesomechicken?Wouldyoulikesomenoodles?、any一般用于否定句和疑问句中Maryhasn'tgotanypens. 玛丽没有钢笔。(1)It'spolitetotake flowersasagiftwhenyougotovisitafriend.A.littleB.anyC.some(2)Thereisn 'twaterintheglass.Let 'sgoandgetsome.A.manyB.lotsC.anyD.some、复合不定代词高频考点1)Isawnobody.)Thereisnotanybodyintheroom.)Isthereanythingonthebookcase?复合不定代词一般是用some,any,no,every与one,thing,body组合构成的。）一般来说，some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句中，any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句中。5）复合不定代词作主语的时候，谓语用单数形式Somebodywantstoseeyou.6）形容词修饰复合不定代词的时候，要放在代词的后面Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellus?above在上方，两者不接触belowAboveonoverBelowbeneathunderon在...上面，两者接触over“在 正上方”表示两者垂直，但不接触，也可指“笼罩或者覆盖在上面”underbetweenamongThemoonisnow thetrees.Thebooksare thetable.Thereisabridge theriver.6.It'salwaysusefultohaveanencyclopaediaaroundthehouse.(P10)It's+adj+forsbtodosth... 对于某人来说做某...事..是It为形式主语，没有实际意义，正真的主语是后面的不定式短语...Aweeklater (P12)一段时间+later,表示一段时间之后，常用于过去时。表将来的一段时间之后 表花费：sb.spend(s)/spent on⋯sth.sb.spend(s)/spent⋯(in)doingsth.sb.pay(s)/paid ⋯fosrth.sth.cost(s)sb.⋯ittakes/tooksb. ⋯todosth.注意各句型中主语、介词及动词(本身及后面接的动词)的形式spenttenyuanbuyingthisbook.=Ispenttenyuanonthisbook.=Thisbookcostmetenyuan.=Ipaidtenyuanforthisbook.=Ittookmetenyuantobuythisbook.Anencyclopaediaoftenconsistsofanumerofbooks.Thesebooksarecalledvolumes.(P14)anumberof+可数名词复数alotof+可数名词复数/不可数名词eg.Alotofpeoplewerequeuingforthefilm.许多人排队等著看那部电影.（可用anumberof代替）Ihaven'tgotalotoftime. 我时间不多了.（不可用anumberof代替）注：短语thenumberof⋯（⋯⋯的数目）做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolis900. 我们学校的学生数目是900。as+adj/adv（原级）+as和⋯一样⋯⋯Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.Otherswereasbigastenelephants.（P3）Iamastallasmysister. 我和姐姐一样高。（tall,形容词）Heworksashardasme.他工作和我同样努力。（hard,副词）Shesingsaswellasme. 她唱得和我一样好。（well,副词）Hedrawsascarefullyashiselderbrother. 他画画画得和他哥哥一样仔细认真。Theboyisasintelligentashisbrother.Youshouldwriteascarefullyasyourfather.Theyspeakasslowlyastheoldman.、as+形容词、副词（原级）as 、as之后跟形容词的情况，如下：1）在as...as之前是be动词，第一个as之后跟形容词2）在as...as之前是感官动词look,feel,smell,sound,taste,第一个as之后跟形容词：3） 在as...as之前是：remain,keep,seem...第一个as之后跟形容词、在其它行为动词之后，第一个as之后必须跟副词的情况：除以上1）、2）、3）所列动词的其他行为动词否定形式:notas/so+adj/adv( 原级)+as不如⋯⋯一样Heisnotastallasme.Heisnotsotallasme.=Heisshorterthanme.=Iamtallerthanhe.Sometimesanencyclopaediatellsuswheretolookformoreinformationonasimilarsubject..(P14)lookforfindfindoutlookfor强调"找"的动作和过程。如：I'mlookingformybook. 我正在找我的书。find强调"找"的结果，即"找"到还是没"找"到。如：Ilookformybookeverywhere,butIcan'tfindit. 我到处找我的书,但没找到。findout表示"查出,努力查找"。往往是指通过努力去查明事情的真相或查找答案等。如：老师试着查出谁没在Theteachertriestofindoutwhoisnotintheclassroom.教室。老师试着查出谁没在find表示"找到，发现"。往往是找到或发现的结果。如Ifoundmybikeinthecornerofapark.Ididn'tfindmykey,soIwasnotabletogointomyroom.Manyshoesnowadaysaremadeofplasticorsimilarstuff.如今，许多鞋子是用塑料或类似的材料制成的。Acatissimilartoatigerinmanyrespects. 猫和虎在很多方面相似。similar=thesameThesetwosignaturesareverysimilar,canyoutellthemapart? 这两处签名非常接近，你能把它们区分开来吗？Similarconditionsaretobefoundinothercountries.在其他国家也会发现同样的情形。Itwasmadein1964byJohnLandy.(P13)这是一个被动句，谓语wasmade意为“被建造”英语中有两个语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.主语谓语动词宾语被动语态:Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语be+动词过去分词by+主动语态中的主语Landywantedsomethingtomakepeoplecometohisfruitshop,sohebuilttheBigBanana.(P13)Makesbdosth have/letManypeoplevisitedhisfruitshopandtookpicturesofBigBanana.(P13)Takepictures/takephotosof VisitorscanclimbuptotheBigMerino 'sheadandlookattheviewthroughitseyes..(P13)Through介词，通过，透过，强调从物体内部通过LookthroughgothroughSometimesanencyclopaediatellsuswheretolookformoreinformationonasimilarsubject..(P14)Information信息，情报，资料。它是不可数名词，没有复数形式。Advice,music,work,weather,fun attheendof 在的末尾，在的尽头(P4)Thereisaparkattheendoftheroad.Intheend最后WhenIwasyoung,Iusedtokeepanotebook.(P4)usedtodo 过去常常做某事否定：didn'tuseto Theywerenotverygood,buttheyhelpedmethinkanddream.Helpsbtodosth 帮助某人做某事Helpabwithsth SheoftenhelpsmetostudyEnglish.=SheoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.Helponeselfto Can'thelpdoing Shecan'thelplaughing.Ashegrewolder,helearnttodomanydifferentthings.as的用法as引导时间状语从句时常可和when换用，但较强调同时发生，多指短暂动作。AsIleftthehouse,Iforgotthekey. 我离家时，忘了带钥匙。as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着...”的意思，表时间的推移。如：AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic. 随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。as表“一边⋯一边⋯”，引出伴随动作。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent. 他匆忙地回家，边走边往后看。用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain. 当他出去的时候，天开始下雨了。as有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。Asaboy(whenhewasaboy),hewashopelessatmaths.当他是孩子时，他对数学失去希望。4)as、when、while用法一览表。类别作用例句asas表示“当⋯⋯的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动ShecameupasIwascooking.（同时）Therunnersstartedasthegunwent作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。off.(几乎同时)when(atorduringthetimethat) 既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.（ 指时间点）Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.（在一段时间内）whilewhile意思是“当⋯⋯的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示aperiodoftime时，两者可以互换。Pleasedon'ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.（用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁⋯⋯”）some一般用于肯定句或者表示请、建议并希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。Davidhassomefriendsinshanghai.MayIhavesomechicken?Wouldyoulikesomenoodles?any一般用于否定句和疑问句中Maryhasn'tgotanypens. 玛丽没有钢笔。（1）It'spolitetotakeflowersasagiftwhenyougotovisitafriend.A.littleB.anyC.some（2）Thereisn'twaterintheglass.Let 'sgoandgetsome.A.manyB.lots C.anyD.some五、课文重点句型及短语归纳重点句型及其用法集萃1、learntodosth 学习做某事、many+复数名词许多⋯⋯、as+形容词、副词的原级+as与...一样...、usedtodosth 过去常常做某事、helpsb.dosth 帮助某人做某事、remembertodosth 记着要去做某事、somuch+不可数名词如此多的⋯⋯、Itis+形容词+todosth做某事是⋯⋯的、一段时间+later⋯⋯之后、makesbdosth使某人做某事、anumberof+名词复数许多、learnabout了解Lookitup!查阅一下。•lookup意为“查阅；查询”强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查询。如：Wecanlookupnewwordsinadictionary. 我们可以在词典中查新的单词.拓展：与look相关的短语：lookaround向周围看lookout向外看；当心looklike看起来像lookthesame看起来相同lookforwardto盼望ThismorningI somenewrestaurantsontheInternetforIwantedtotakeMiatoanicerestaurantforherbirthday.pickedupB.lookedup C.cleanedupD.gaveupDaVinciwasborninthecountryside.达.芬奇出生在农村。•beborn意为“出生”.其后可接地点或时间状语，接地点用in，接时间用on或in（具体某一天用on；出生于某年某月用in）如：TomwasborninGuangzhouon14July1999. 汤姆于1999年7月14日出生于广州。•inthecountryside 意为“在乡村，在农村”。如：Whenhewasachild,helivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents. 他小时候和祖父母一起居住在乡下。Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability. 从很小的时候起，他就显示除了非凡的智慧和艺术才能•fromanearlyage 意为“从小起；从幼年起”.Ashegrewolder,helearnttodomanydifferentthings. 随着年龄的增长，他学会了很多不同的事情。•as在本句中意为“当⋯⋯时候；随着，是连词，引导时间状语从句，它类似于七下unit8语法板块中学过的引导时间状语从句的连词when，但是含有含有as引导的时间状语从句，主从句的动作还可以表示“一边⋯⋯一边⋯⋯”之意。如：Theboysangashewalkedtoschool. 这个男孩边唱着歌边迈向学校走去.Forexample,hisnotebooksincludesomeinterestingdrawingsofflyingmachineswantedtofind.例如，他的笔记本里就有一些飞行器的有趣的图片.•forexample意为“例如” 用于列举上文中提到的人、事或物。如：.AlotofEuropeancountriesareworthvisiting,Forexample,IhavebeentotheUK,FranceandSwitzerland. 很多欧洲国家都值得一游，譬如我就去过英国、法国和瑞士。•forexample在句子中可以放在开头，也可以作为插入语放在句中。如：YoushouldvisitHangzhou.LingyinTemple,forexample,isveryfamous.应该去杭州游览。例如灵隐寺就很出名。DinosaurslivedontheEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbeings.恐龙比人类在地球上早出现6000多万年•morethan意为“多于；超过”。它的近义词是over，两者可以互相替换。如：Itwilltakememorethan/over2hourstogettoschool. 我将要花费2个多小时去学校。•morethan的反义词lessthanSomedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.Otherswereasbigastenelephants.有些恐龙小如鸡仔，另一些则有十头大象那么大。•as⋯as中间加形容词的原级，表示“和⋯⋯一样⋯⋯”的意思，如：Amyisastallashersister. 埃米和她姐姐一样高Then,suddenly,theyalldiedout. 后来它们突然全部灭绝了。•diedout 意为“灭绝，消失”如：Howdiddinosaursdieout?恐龙是如何灭绝的。能力提升一．根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。Edisonwasagreati intheworld.--Howmuchisthebook?--20d .Sallwasb inasmalltowninLondon.Therearetwo (笔记本)onthedesk.二．用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Itisuseful (learn)aforeignlanguage.Canyouhelpme (carry)thebox,lily?Remember (write)tomewhenyougettoBeijing.4.Ineedsome (photo).Doyouhaveany?Abouttwo (million)peoplelistenedtotheprogramme.三．单项选择Listeningisjustas asspeakinginlanguagelearning.A.importantB.moreimportantC.mostimportantD.themostimportantDoyouhave tosayforourtravel?A.elseanythingB.anythingelseC.elsesomethingD.somethingelsebirdsdiedbecauseofpollution.A.TwomillionsB.MillionsofC.Millionof D.TwomillionsoftneedtogototheThere stillsomemilkinthefridge.Youdontneedtogotothestoretoday.A.amB.isC.areD.beawalk.Whatafineday!Let 'sgoawalk.A.forB.atC.outD.inThepooroldman aweekago.A.deadB.deathC.diesD.diedDon'tlook thewindowsinclass,Wemustlistentotheteachercarefully.A.outofB.outC.intoD.upThePLAmansavedthree livesintheaccident.A.chlidren'sB.childrenC.childD.child 's-Doyouhave pencils?-No,butIhave pens.A.some,anyB.any,someC.some,someD.any,anyNobody meEnglish.Ihavetolearnitbymyself.三．完形填空。CharlesDickens,oneofthegreatestEnglishwriters1bornin1812,inoneofthesmall2ofEngland.WhenDickenswasnineyearsold,thefamily3toLondon,thecapitalofEngland.Therewasseveralyoungchildreninthefamily.Theirlifewashard,soDickenscouldnot4toschool.Onlyuntilhisfatherwas5ofprison,couldCharlesgotoschool.Atthattime,hewasalreadytwelveyearsold.Buthedidnotfinishschool.Twoyearslaterhebegan6.Thefuturewriteroftenwenttothelibrary7books.Heread8.ThenDickenswrotelotsofnovelsallhislife.Dickens9overahundredyearsago,butpeoplearestillreadinghisbooks10greatinterest.()1.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()2.A.townB.townsC.familyD.country()3.A.movesB.movedC.movingD.tomove()4.A.wentB.goC.togoD.going()5.A.outB.atC.offD.up()6.A.workB.worksC.workedD.towork()7.A.readB.readingC.toreadD.reads()8.A.alotB.manyC.alotofD.verymuch()9.A.diedB.dieC.dyingD.death()10.A.toB.inC.withD.out四．阅读理解Doyouknowthatfishcomeoutofeggswhentheywereborn?Afterthe