Unit9Hollywood课文翻译综合教程一

Unit9HollywoodHollywoodsuggestsglamour,aplacewheretheyoungstar-struckteenagerscould,withabitofluck,fulfilltheirdreams.Hollywoodsuggestsluxurioushouseswithvastpalm-fringedswimmingpools.Cocktailbarsandfurnishingsfitforamillionaire.Andthebigmoviestarsweremillionaires.Manyspenttheirfortunesonyachts,RollsRoycesanddiamonds.Afewofthemlosttheirglamourquitesuddenlyandwereleftwithnothingbutemptinessandcolossaldebts.MovieswerefirstmadeinHollywoodbeforeWorldWarⅠ.TheconstantsunshineandmildclimateofsouthernCaliforniamadeitanidealsiteforshootingmotionpictures.Hollywood'sfameandfortunereacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysoftheblackandwhitemovies.Mostofthefamousmotionpicturecorporationsofthosedays,Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer,ColumbiaandWarnerBrothersarestillverymuchinbusinessandgreatstarslikeGretaGarbo,MarleneDietrich,CharlieChaplin,GaryCooper,andmanyothersbesides,havebecomeimmortal.InthosedaysHollywoodwaslikeamagnet,drawingambitiousyoungmenandwomenfromallovertheworld.Mostofthemhadonlytheirgoodlookstorecommendthemandhadnoactingexperience—orability—whatsoever.Occasionallytheygotjobs,iftheywereluckyenoughtobenoticed.GrayCooperwasoneofthefewwhowasnoticed.Hestartedasastuntrider,andfromthererosetobeoneofthegreatstarsoftheearlyWesterns.Manyofthegirlsgotjobsincafesorgasstations,andastheyservedtheircustomerstheytossedtheirheadsandswungtheirhips,hopingtoattracttheattentionofsomeimportantpersonconnectedwiththemovies.Mostofthemhopedinvain.Asforthestarsthemselves,theywereheldonatightreinbythestudiochiefswhocouldmakeorbreakallbutthestarswithreallybigappeal.Thestarswere"persuaded"tosignseven-yearcontracts,duringwhichtimethestudiosbuiltuptheirimages.Undertheircontractsthestarsdidnothavetheirrighttochoosetheirparts.Theirstudiosdecidedeverything.NocountryintheworldhasdevelopedsoexpertlytheskillofadvertisingastheAmericans.Theyadvertiseeverything,fromicecreamtocandidatesforthePresidency.TheHollywoodstudios,bymeansofadvertising,turnedstarletsintosuperstars.Manystudiochiefsweretyrants,determinedtogettheirownwayatallcosts,nomatterhowunscrupulousthemeans.Starswereoftentypecastandifheorsheappealedtothepublicasalover,thenheorshealwaysplayedthepartofalover.Astarwhowasahitasacowboyorabadguy,gotthesamekindofroleagainandagain.Therewaslittlearguing,"you'retheperfectdumbblond,baby,andthat'showyou'regoingtostay,"theywouldsay.Theyeventriedtointerfereintheirstars'privatelives:"No,sugar!Youjustcan'tmarryMelBilligan.He'stoointellectual.He'ddestroyyourimage."Onlywhentheyceasedtobestarsdidsomeofthemdiscoverthattheywerealsogoodactors!MoviestarslikeBetteDavis,KatherineHepburn,SpencerTracyandJamesMasongavedistinguishedperformancesincharacterpartsaswellasleadingroles.Hollywoodisnolongertheheartoftheworld'smotionpictureindustry.Mostmoviestodayarefilmedonlocation,thatistosay,inthecities,inthecountrysideandinanypartoftheworldthatthescriptdemands.TheHollywoodstudiosarestillstanding,butmostofthemhavebeenleasedtotelevisionnetworks.About80%ofallAmericanTVentertainmentcomesfromHollywood.YetHollywoodhasnotlostallitsglamour.Moviestarsstilllivethere,orinneighboringBeverleyHills,andsodomanyofthefamousandwealthypeoplewhohavemadetheirhomesinsouthernCalifornia.ThereisalsotheattractiveHollywoodBowl,Thehugeoutdooramphitheaterwhereeverysummersince1922"SymphoniesundertheStars"areplayedbyAmerica'sbestorchestrasbeforepackedaudiences.Hollywood,aboveall,hastheglamourofthepast.Itisanamewhichwillalwaysbeassociatedwithmotion-picturemaking,andformanyyearstocometheoldHollywoodmovieswillbeshownagainandagaininmoviehousesandtelevisionscreensallovertheworld.好莱坞好莱坞意味着魅力，是那些怀揣明星梦的少男少女们有点儿运气就能实现他们梦想的地方。好莱坞令人联想到棕榈树围绕的大游泳池的豪宅。鸡尾酒吧及其室内摆设是合适百万富翁的．而大腕电影明星们都是百万富豪。很多电影明星在游艇、劳斯莱斯豪华轿车和钻石饰品上挥金如土。但他们此中也不乏稍纵即逝者，只落得空虚失落和债台高筑。最先的电影是在一战前的好莱坞制成的。南加利福尼亚一年四时的阳光与平和宜人的气候，使好莱坞成为拍摄电影的理想场所。好莱坞的盛名与财产在20世纪三四十年月达到了巅峰，那时也正是黑白电影的黄金时代。当年就已有名的电影企业，如米高梅、哥伦比亚、华纳兄弟等今日仍旧叱咤风云，还犹如葛丽泰·嘉宝、玛莲·德烈奇、查理·卓别林、贾利·库珀和其余很多明星已永看重史。那时候的好莱坞像块磁铁．吸引着世界各地满怀志向的少男少女到达这里。他们中间的大部分独一的资本即是美丽的表面，并没有任何表演经验或才能。假如他们足够好运被人注意到了，那么有时也会有点事干了。贾利·库珀就是那几个被注意到的人之一。他开始的时候是做马术表演替身，此后一跃成为出演初期美国西部片的有名影星之一。很多在咖啡店和加油站工作的女孩为客人服务时卖弄风骚，希望以此惹起某位影界要人的注意。但她们大部分的希望都是白费的。至于那些明星们则被制片商紧紧控制在手内心。这些制片商既能够造就也能够毁坏那些明星，除非他们是真实的大明星。明星们被“说服”去签署长达7年的合同，在此时期，由制片厂塑造他们的银幕形象。因为合同的拘束，明星们无权选择自己的角色，全部皆由制片厂决定。世界上没有国家像美国的广告技巧同样发展到了这样熟练的地步。他们能够为任何东西做广告，从冰激凌到总统候选人。好莱坞的制片厂经过广告的方式，将小明星变为超级明星。很多制片商就是暴君．明目张胆，独断独行，不择手段。明星经常被定型，假如他们饰演的情人角色受观众喜欢，他们就老是饰演情人。一个因饰演牛仔或坏蛋而走红的明星会多次饰演那种角色。角色的选定几乎不容争论。“宝贝，你是个完满的花瓶，并且你将持续保持这一形象，”他们会这样说。他们甚至还干预影星们的个人生活：“不可以，甜心，你不可以和梅尔·比利甘成婚。他太聪慧博学了，会毁了你的形象的。”直到他们退出影坛以后，他们此中的一些人材发现自己也是一流的演员！像贝蒂·戴维斯、凯瑟琳·赫本、斯宾塞·屈塞和詹姆斯·梅森这些电影明星，除了担当主角外还成功地饰演了性格鲜亮的其余角色。好莱坞不再是世界影视业的中心。此刻大部分电影都是在剧本要求下的各地拍摄的——在城市、农村或世界的任何