新高考英语外研版一轮学案板块1第1讲名词和数词

板块一词形的变换Ny第1讲名词和数词f前沿最新动态］题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空(2020•浙江卷)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.(2020-1月•浙江卷)ForJapan,thenumbers(number)aremorestriking-22in1950,46todayand53in2050.(2018•全国卷I)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses(cause).(2017•全国卷国)Shehasturneddownseveralinvitationsfinvitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies..给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式；.给出数词的基数词，考查其序数词。核心语法精讲考点一名词的数［题组试做］单句语法填空Thepaperwasusedforscalingupholesinwallsandroofs(roof)inthecoldandfreezingwinter.Thepianos(piano)intheothershopwillbecheaper,buttheyarenotasgood.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolves(wolf)wouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.

Ispenttenminuteswalkingupandclownthehighstreet,desperatelyavoidingeyecontactwithpassers-by(passer-by).Ananthastwostomachs(stomach).Oneholdsthefoodforitselfandtheotherisforfoodtobegiventootherants.［要点解读］一、名词单数变复数的规则变化

变化规则例词一般情况加・smap->maps；girl-*girls；house-chouses；mouth-*mouths以-th结尾的词，加-smonth-*months；truth-*truths以・s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的，加-esclass-*classes；box-boxes；brushbrushes；match-*matches但是stomach(胃)的复数是stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i加-escily-cities；country-*countries；party-*parties；factory-*factories注意：以元音字母+y结尾的则直接力U-s,如boy-*boys；toy->toys以“辅音字母+。”结尾的词一般加-estomatotomatoes；potato-*potatoes；hero-*heroes；Negro-*Negroes；mango-*mangoes注意：1.少数名词加-s或-es均可，如volcano-*volcano(e)s；mosquito-*mosquito(e)s2.少数名词只加s,如pianofpianos；photo-*photos以“元音字母+o”结尾的词，加-sradio-*radios；zoo-*zoos；bamboo-*bamboos以-f,・fe结尾的词，通常变f或fe为v,再加-eshalf-*halves；leaf-*leaves：shelf-*shelves；thief-*thieves：wolf-*wolves；wife—wives；life—lives；knife-*knives但是也有的直接加-s,如roof-*roofs；chief-*chiefs还有两种复数形式的，inhandkerchief-*handkerchiefs/handkerchieves合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数son-in-law-*sons-in-lawpasser-by-*passers-bystory-teller-*story-tellersgo-between-*go-betweensgrown-up-*grown-ups二、名词单数变复数的不规则变化变化情况例词特殊变化child-*children；foot->feet；tooth-*teeth；mouse-*mice；man-*men：woman-*women注意：由man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women,如anEnglishman-*twoEnglishmen；但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans有些名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法细菌bacterium（单数）一bacteria（复数）;资料、数据datum（单数）fdata（复数）；现象phenomenon（单数）fphenomena（复数）考点二名词的所有格［题组试做］单句语法填空Inaddition,thehostessYhostess)cookingwillguaranteeyouawonderfulchanceoftastingdeliciousChinesefood.Thearticleconcludesthatparents'(parents)educationaffectstheirchildren'sfuture.uToday's(today)storyisaboutthesuccessofapoorchild,"theteachersaid.We'dbetterstayinahotelthatisjustastone's(stone)throwfromtherailwaystationforthesakeofconvenience.Studiesshowthatachild's(child)characterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhis/herhomeenvironment.［要点解读］名词的所有格.有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加，s。hisfather'sboss他爸爸的老板.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加入,表示其所有格。today'spaper今天的报纸England'sshore英国的海岸thecar'sdesign这辆车的设计.在某些习惯用语中，也需要加大所有格。astone'sthrow近在咫尺keepsb.atarm'slength与某人保持距离；不亲近某人beatone'swits'end黔驴技穷.如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加北。JaneandMary'smother简和玛丽的妈妈（共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系）Jane'sandMary'smothers简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈（不是共有，分别指两位妈妈）.双重所有格：“a/lwo/some...+名词+of+名词R名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“Of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。afriendofhermother's她妈妈的一个朋友twophotosofhers她的两张照片考点三数词——基数词与序数词「题组试做］单句语法填空(2020•枣庄模拟)Itscelebrationshappenedasearlyasthefifth(five)century.Theelevatorbrokedownandwehadtowalkuptothetenth(ten)floor.Saturnisthesecond(two)biggestplanetinthesolarsystem.Eachyear,hundreds(hundred)oftheanimalsarekilledfortheirfur.I'mafrequenttravellerandIeatouttwice(two)aday.Ithasbeensnowing,roughlyeverythird(three)day,foraslongasI'vehadtheflu.［要点解读］一、基数词和序数词.表数量的数词叫基数词，如one,two,three,....表顺序的数词叫序数词,如first,second,third,fourth,fifth,...二、基数词变序数词的规则一二三要单独记：one->first,two-*second,three~thirdth要从四加起：four->fourth,five->fifth,...eight少个t：eight-*eighthnine删除e：nine-*ninthve用f来代替：five-*fifth,twelve—twelfthty变成tie：twenty-*twentieth三、序数词的使用.序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。Mondayistheseconddayofaweek.星期一是一周的第二天。.序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一"，相当于another。Would