2023届湖南省郴州市高三上学期第一次教学质量监测英语试卷

22/2323/23/郴州市2023届高三第一次教学质量监测试卷英语第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthewomandotoday?A.Visitadoctor.B.Attendalecture.C.Doanexperiment.2.Whereistheconversationtakingplace?A.Inahotel.B.Inahospital.C.Inarestaurant.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Hiringsomeone.B.Paintingthehouse.C.Doingsomeshopping.4.Whyisthemanplayingthesongsomuch?A.Tolearnthewords.B.Toannoythewoman.C.Torelaxwhilestudying.5.Whatisthemandoingnow?A.Walkingaround.B.WatchingTV.C.Eatingsnacks.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。6.Whatdaymightitbetoday?A.Sunday.B.Thursday.C.Tuesday.7.Whydoesthemanwanttoreturntheshoes?A.Hiswifedoesn’tlikethecolor.B.Theyareinthewrongsize.C.Hedoesn’tlikethestyle.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Doingatest.B.Havinganinterview.C.Playingapuzzlegame.9.WhatisJenniferbadat?A.Focusing.B.Dealingwithstress.C.Gettingonwithothers.10.HowdoesJenniferfeelabouttheresult?A.Surprised.B.Disappointed.C.worried.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题o11.whyisthewomandisappointed?A.Shelostaswimmingrace.B.Shefailedaswimmingtest.C.Shemissedtheswimmingclass.12.whatisthewomantrainingtobecome?A.Alifeguard.B.Aninstructor.C.Aprofessionalswimmer.13.whatistheman，sadvice?A.Totryharder.B.Toconsidergivingup.C.Toforgetaboutherworries.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14.whoisthemanintheconversation?A.Anemployee.B.Astudent.C.Ateacher.15.whatisthewoman，sopinionofthecafeteria?A.Thepricesaretoohigh.B.Thereisn，tmuchchoice.C.Therearetoomanypeopleatlunchtime.16.whatwillthemanhaveforhislunch?A.Japanesefood.B.Mexicanfood.C.Chinesefood.17.whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Totreathimtolunch.B.Toshowhimthewaytothemall.C.Totellhimsomethingaboutthejobfair.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.whatisthemaintopicforGradeTenstudents?A.Anythingthatintereststhem.B.Somethingthatinfluencespeople，slifestyle.C.Importanteventsthroughouthistory.19.whenwillthestudentsfirstdelivertheirspeeches?A.Inoneweek.B.Inhalfamonth.C.Inonemonth.20.wherewillastudent，sspeechbeperformedinfrontoftheheadmaster?A.0ntelevision.B.Inthedistrictcompetition.C.Inthegym.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中,选出最佳选项ASurroundedbytoweringskyscrapers,roaringtrafficandcrowdedstreets,sometimesallyouwanttodoisfindsomepeace.Luckily,manyoftheworld’sbusiesturbanareasalsocontainbeautifulgreenspaces.HibiyaPark,TokyoAgreenislandintheheartofTokyo,HibiyaParkisJapan’sfirstwestern-stylepark.The16-hectaregroundscontainsome3,100treesand10,000-sqare-metresofgreenlawnsandprettyflowerbeds.Oneoftheparksmust-seeattractionsisthegreatfountain.ThesymbolofHibiyaCentralParkPossiblyoneofthemostfamousparksintheworld.CentralParkranksalongsidetheEmpirestateBuildingandthestatueofLibertyasasymbolofNewYorkCity.NotonlywasCentralparkthefirstpublicparkinAmerica,butit’salsothemostvisited.SetinthemidstofManhattan,CentralPark’s843acresarefilledwithgorgeousfountains,monumentsandbridges,alongsidemeadowsandwaters.Lovedbylocals,thepark’srecreationalfacilitiesboasteverythingfromskatingandcyclingtoclimbingandrowing.HongKongOneoftheworld’smostunusualparks,HongKongParkblendsmoderndesignwiththenaturalenvironment.Coveringjustover8-hectares,theparkusesflowingwaterintheformofwaterfalls,pondsandfountainstolinkitsdifferentfeatures.Withmountainsononesideandskyscrapersontheother,it’salsoagreatpointforsomestrikingphotographsofHydePark,IondonOneofLondon’seightRoyalParks,HydeParkoffersbothworld-classeventsandapeacefulplacetounwind.Setalongtheserpentine,theparkcovers350acresandcontainsaround4,000treesandflowergardens.FamousmonumentsincludetheDianaMemorialFountain,famousAchillesstatueandtheSerpentineIfmoreinformationisneeded,youcanclickhere.1.Ifyouareinterestedinskating,wherewillyouprobablygo?A.HibiyaPark. B.C.HongKongPark. D.HydePark.2.WhatisthespecialfeatureofHongKongA.Itisoneofthemostfamousparksintheworld.B.Itissurroundedwithmountainsandmonuments.C.Itoffersvisitorsagoodpositiontotakephotos.D.Itoffersvisitorsfromcoffeetothreemeals.3.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Anadvertisement. B.Amagazine.C.Ageographytextbook. D.Awebsite.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要讲述了世界上着名的几个公园：HibiyaPark、CentralPark、HongKongPark和HydePark。【1题详解】细节理解题。由CentralPark,NewYork段中“Lovedbylocals,thepark’srecreationalfacilitiesboasteverythingfromskatingandcyclingtoclimbingandrowing.(该公园的娱乐设施深受当地人的喜爱，从滑冰、骑自行车到登山和划船，应有尽有)”可知，如果对滑冰感兴趣，可以去CentralPark。故答案为B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HongKongPark段中“Withmountainsononesideandskyscrapersontheother,it’salsoagreatpointforsomestrikingphotographsofHongKong.(一边是群山，另一边是摩天大楼，这也是拍摄香港一些引人注目照片的绝佳地点)”可知，HongKongPark特殊的点是人们可以找到绝佳地点拍照。故答案为C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifmoreinformationisneeded,youcanclickhere.(如果需要更多信息，请点击此处)”的关键词click可知，这篇文章可能来自于某个网址。故答案为D。BShawaneePatrickispassionateaboutgivingeveryonetheabilitytowalkascomfortablyandeffectivelyaspossiblethroughtheuseofwalkingassistivedevices,suchasprosthetics(假肢Ph.D.orthotics.APh.D.studentintheJ.Mikewalker66DepartmentofMechanicalEngineeringatTexasA&MHerresearchfocusesondevelopingandimprovingwalkingassistivedevicesbydeterminingwhatinputsareimportantandoutcomesthatcouldimprovethedesignprocess.“Iliketosaymyresearchisabouthowtohelppeoplewhocan’twalkbeabletowalk,andhowtohelpthosewhodowalk.Walkbetter.”Patricksaid.“That’skindofmyaim.Walkingimprovesthequalityoflife,soit’sreallyimportantwehelpthosefacingchallengeswhenwecan.”TheCOVID-19pandemicbroughtchallengestoPatrick’sresearchaswell.Patrick’sresearch—whichworkswithhumanstudies—hadbeendelayedseveraltimesbythehealthandavailabilityofhersubjects.Patricksaidtheprocessofconductingherresearchincludesinvestigatingtheuser’sneedsfromvariousangles.Fromtheperspectiveoftheuserthemselvestotheirphysicianandfamilymembers,Patricksaiditisnecessarytobuildacompletepictureofthem.Patrickisdeterminedtomakeapositiveimpactonthelivesofthepeoplesheworkswith.aswellasthethousandsmorelikethem.Althoughthespecificprojectsheisworkingonwillnotbegoingtomarket.Patricksaidsheishopefulthattheresearchsheisconductingcouldonedayinfluencethedevelopmentofaproductthatmakesitswaytothosewhocouldgreatlybenefitfromthesupport.4.WhatinspiredPatricktostarttheproject?A.Herstrongdesiretohelptheold.B.Hergrandmother’sdisability.C.Herassignmentinuniversity.D.Herenthusiasmaboutmechanicalengineering.5.WhatisthepurposeofPatrick’sresearch?A.Tofigureoutthefactsaboutinputs.B.Tocopewiththeimportantchallenges.C.Toimprovethelivesofthoseinneed.D.Toperfectthedesignprocess.6.WhatwasthenecessarystepwhenPatrickconductedtheresearch?A.Fullyunderstandtheusers’demands.B.RemovetheC0VID-19pandemic.C.Investigatetheusers’healthandavailability.D.Contacttheusers’physicianandfamilymembers.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtowalkBetter.B.ACureforPainfulPatients.C.ANewwalkingDevice.D.AHelpfulProjectLaunchedbyAstudent.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述博士生肖瓦妮·帕特里克受到了祖母部分瘫痪的启发，发明了一种步行辅助设备，帮助很多有需要的人能够生活的更好，提高了生活质量。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Patrickwasinspiredtohelpdevelopbetterwalkingassistivedevicesbythepartialparalysis(瘫痪)ofhergrandmother.”(帕特里克受到祖母部分瘫痪的启发，帮助开发更好的步行辅助设备。)可知，帕特里克是受到了祖母部分瘫痪的启发才启动了这个项目。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Herresearchfocusesondevelopingandimprovingwalkingassistivedevicesbydeterminingwhatinputsareimportantandoutcomesthatcouldimprovethedesignprocess.“Iliketosaymyresearchisabouthowtohelppeoplewhocan’twalkbeabletowalk,andhowtohelpthosewhodowalk.Walkbetter.”Patricksaid.“That’skindofmyaim.Walkingimprovesthequalityoflife,soit’sreallyimportantwehelpthosefacingchallengeswhenwecan.””(她的研究重点是通过确定哪些输入是重要的以及哪些结果可以改进设计过程来开发和改进步行辅助设备。帕特里克说：“我想说，我的研究是关于如何帮助那些不会走路的人能够走路，以及如何帮助那些会走路的人。走路更好。”“这是我的目标之一。步行可以提高生活质量，所以我们在可能的时候帮助那些面临挑战的人真的很重要。”)可知，帕特里克做这个研究的目的是为了帮助那些需要帮助的人能够生活的更好。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Patricksaidtheprocessofconductingherresearchincludesinvestigatingtheuser’sneedsfromvariousangles.Fromtheperspectiveoftheuserthemselvestotheirphysicianandfamilymembers,Patricksaiditisnecessarytobuildacompletepictureofthem.”(帕特里克说，她的研究过程包括从不同角度调查用户的需求。帕特里克说，从用户自己到医生和家人的角度来看，有必要为他们建立一个完整的画面。)可知，帕特里克认为，从不同角度调查用户的需求是很必要的。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ShawaneePatrickispassionateaboutgivingeveryonetheabilitytowalkascomfortablyandeffectivelyaspossiblethroughtheuseofwalkingassistivedevices,suchasprosthetics(假肢Ph.D.orthotics.APh.D.studentintheJ.Mikewalker66DepartmentofMechanicalEngineeringatTexasA&MUniversity,Patrickwasinspiredtohelpdevelopbetterwalkingassistivedevicesbythepartialparalysis(瘫痪)ofhergrandmother.”(肖瓦妮·帕特里克热衷于通过使用步行辅助设备，如假肢和矫形器，让每个人都能尽可能舒适有效地行走。帕特里克是德克萨斯农工大学J.Mikewalker66机械工程系的博士生，她祖母的部分瘫痪启发她帮助开发更好的步行辅助设备。)可知，这篇文章主要讲述博士生肖瓦妮·帕特里克受到了祖母部分瘫痪的启发，发明了一种步行辅助设备。故选D。CSearchandrescueteamsareoftenaccompaniedbyman’sbestfriend.Adog’ssuperiorsenseofsmellcanbecriticaltofindingsurvivorsburiedunderfallenbuildings.Butnowanewanimalisbeingtrainedtoassistsearchandrescueteamsafteranearthquakehits,andit’stherat.TheserescueratsarebeingtrainedbyDr.DonnaKean,aresearcherfromGlasgow,Scotlandwhohasbeenworkingwithratsforyears.KeanexplainedwhysheandhercolleaguesatthenonprofitAP0P0trainratsinsteadofdogs.“Theratshaveacomparablesenseofsmellandthey’rejustastrainableasdogs.”shesaid.“Theirsizeisusefulbecausetheywillbeabletomovethroughdifferentenvironmentsthatdogsjustwouldn’tbeableto.”Atthemoment.theratsarewearinghomemadebackpacksthatcontainmicrophones,videoequipmentandlocationtrackersandthenscientistsaresendingtheseratsintomockdebris(模拟的废墟).Ratswouldbeabletogetintosmallspacestogettovictimsburiedintheruins.“Wehavenotbeeninarealsituationyet.wehavegotamockdebrissite.Whenwetrackthebackpack,wewillbeabletohearfromwheretheratisinsidethedebris.”Keansaid.“Wehavethepotentialtospeaktovictimsthroughtherat.”Researcherstrainthemonabasicseriesofbehavior.Trainingstartsoffinareallybasicenvironment:asmallandemptyroom.Thentheygraduallyexpandandincreasethecomplexityinordertomakeitlikereallife.Theycanstartaddingindebrisandmakingthetrainingarealookmorelikeanactualcollapsedbuildingsite.Thetrainingjuststarted.andresearchersstillhavetoruntrainingtrialsoutsidetheresearchenvironment.TheyareworkingwithasearchandrescuegroupcalledGEA,whoarebasedinTurkey,acountrywithfrequentearthquakesandhopingthatbynextyearthey’llbeabletotaketheratstoTurkeyfortrials.8.Whatadvantagedoratshaveoverdogsintherescuework?A.Theyareeasiertotrain.B.Theyhaveabettersenseofsmell.C.Theyaremoreflexiblewithasmallersize.D.Theyadapttonewenvironmentsmorequickly.9.Whatfunctionisexpectedofthebackpack?A.Toguideratstofindsurvivors.B.Toprotectratsfrombeinginjured.C.Toprovidesomefoodfortrappedpeople.D.Tohelprescuerscommunicatewithvictims.10.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theprocessoftrainingtherats.B.Thedifficultyofconductingexperiments.C.Therats’behaviourinrealcollapsedsites.D.Theimportanceoftheresearchenvironment.11.Whatwillresearchersplantodonext?A.Useratsforrescueworkonalargescale.B.SendratstoTurkeyforfieldexperiments.C.Conductfurtherstudyondisasterprevention.D.DevelopthetrackingtechnologytoassistGEA.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了老鼠正在被用于搜救救援中。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theirsizeisusefulbecausetheywillbeabletomovethroughdifferentenvironmentsthatdogsjustwouldn’tbeableto.”（它们的体型很有用，因为它们能够在不同的环境中移动，而狗则无法做到这一点。）可知，在救援工作中，老鼠比狗有优势在于它们尺寸小，更灵活。故选C项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“‘whenwetrackthebackpack.wewillbeabletohearfromwheretheratisinsidethedebris.’Keansaid,‘wehavethepotentialtospeaktovictimsthroughtherat.’”（当我们追踪背包时。我们可以听到老鼠在废墟中的位置。基恩说，“我们有可能通过老鼠与受害者对话。”）可知，预期背包的功能是帮助救援人员与受害者沟通。故选D项。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Researcherstrainthemonabasicseriesofbehavior.Trainingstartsoffinareallybasicenvironment:asmallandemptyroom.Thentheygraduallyexpandandincreasethecomplexityinordertomakeitlikereallife.Theycanstartaddingindebrisandmakingthetrainingarealookmorelikeanactualcollapsedbuildingsite.”（研究人员对它们进行一系列基本行为的训练。训练开始于一个非常基本的环境:一个又小又空的房间。然后他们逐渐扩展和增加复杂性，以使它像现实生活。他们可以开始添加碎片，让训练区看起来更像一个真正倒塌的建筑工地。）由此可知，第四段主要在说训练老鼠的过程。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“TheyareworkingwithasearchandrescuegroupcalledGEA,whoarebasedinTurkey,acountrywithfrequentearthquakesandhopingthatbynextyearthey’llbeabletotaketheratstoTurkeyfortrials.”（他们正在与一个名为GEA的搜救组织合作。他们的总部设在土耳其。这是一个地震频繁的国家，他们希望明年能把老鼠带到土耳其进行试验。）可知，研究人员下一步计划把老鼠送到土耳其做实地实验。故选B项。DAchild’stoothdiscoveredfromaFrenchcavehasrevealedtheearliestevidenceofhumans—Homosapiens(智人)—livinginwesternEurope.ThediscoveryofthemolarfromGrotteMandrininsouthernFrance,alongwithhundredsofstonetoolsdatingbackabout54.000yearsago,suggeststhatearlyhumanslivedinEuropeabout10.000yearsearlierthanarchaeologistshadpreviouslythought.What’smore,theHomosapiens’toothwassandwichedbetweenlayersofNeanderthalremains,showingthatthetwogroupsofhumanscoexistedintheregion.ThesefindingschallengetheopinionthatthearrivalofHomosapiensinEuropecausedtheextinctionofNeanderthals,wholivedinEuropeandpartsofAsiaforabout300,000yearsbeforedisappearing.“We’veoftenthoughtthatthearrivalofmodernhumansinEuropeledtotheprettyrapiddeathofNeanderthals,butthisnewevidencesuggeststhatboththeappearanceofmodernhumansinEuropeanddisappearanceofNeanderthalsismuchmorecomplexthanthat,”saidstudycoauthorChrisstringer,aprofessorandresearchleaderinhumanevolutionattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon.It’sthefirsttimearchaeologistshavefoundevidenceofalternating(交替)groupsofHomosapiensandNeanderthalslivinginthesameplaceandtheytookturnsrapidly,evenabruptly,atleasttwice,accordingtothestudythatpublishedinthejournalscienceAdvancesonWednesday.Previously,thearrivalofearlyhumansinEuropewasdatedtobetween43,000and45,000yearsago,accordingtoremainsfoundinItalyandBulgaria—notlongbeforethelastsurvivingNeanderthalremainsdatingback40,000to42,000yearsagowerefound.HumansandNeanderthals,whoweknowfromgeneticanalysisencounteredoneanotherandhadbabies,resultinginNeanderthaltracesinourDNA,overlapped(重叠)foramuchlongerperiodinEurope,thisstudysuggests.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“molar”mean?A.Cave. B.Tooth. C.stone. D.Human.13.What’sthepreviousopinionaboutNeanderthals?A.Neanderthalscoulddatebackto300,000yearsago.B.NeanderthalsoncelivedinEuropeandAfrica.C.HomosapiensandNeanderthalsoncelivedtogether.DHomosapiensledtothedisappearanceofNeanderthals.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromChrisstringer’swords?A.PeopleshouldanalyzethelossofNeanderthalscarefully.B.ModernhumansinEuropeledtothedeathofNeanderthals.C.HomosapiensinEuropemadeNeanderthalsextinct.D.Thenewevidenceshowstheprocessofhumanevolution.15.WhatcanwelearnaboutHomosapiensandNeanderthalsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theylivedinthesameplaceatthesametime.B.Theytreatedeachotherastheenemies.C.Theyhadsomesortofcomplicatedrelations.D.TheylivedinItalyandBulgaria40,000to42,000yearsago.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新的发现表明智人的到来并未直接导致尼安德特人的消失，智人和尼安德特人有某种复杂的关系。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“Achild’stoothdiscoveredfromaFrenchcavehasrevealedtheearliestevidenceofhumans—Homosapiens(智人)—livinginwesternEurope.”（从法国的洞穴发现的一颗儿童牙齿揭示了生活在西欧的人类——智人——的最早的证据）可知，从法国的洞穴发现的是一颗儿童牙齿，由此可知，下文指在法国南部发现了牙齿，“Tooth”意为“牙齿”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“ThesefindingschallengetheopinionthatthearrivalofHomosapiensinEuropecausedtheextinctionofNeanderthals,wholivedinEuropeandpartsofAsiaforabout300,000yearsbeforedisappearing.”（这些发现对智人在欧洲的到来导致尼安德特人灭绝的观点提出了质疑，他们在欧洲和亚洲部分地区生活了大约30万年才消失）可知，以前的观点是智人在欧洲的到来导致尼安德特人灭绝，但这些新发现对这一观点提出了质疑。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段内容““We’veoftenthoughtthatthearrivalofmodernhumansinEuropeledtotheprettyrapiddeathofNeanderthals,butthisnewevidencesuggeststhatboththeappearanceofmodernhumansinEuropeanddisappearanceofNeanderthalsismuchmorecomplexthanthat,”saidstudycoauthorChrisstringer,aprofessorandresearchleaderinhumanevolutionattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon.”（研究合着者、伦敦自然历史博物馆人类进化学教授兼研究负责人克里斯·斯特林格表示：“我们经常认为，现代人类在欧洲的到来导致了尼安德特人相当快的死亡，但这一新证据表明，现代人在欧洲的出现和尼安德特人的消失都要比我们认为的复杂得多。”）可知，克里斯·斯特林格表示，新证据表明，现代人在欧洲的出现和尼安德特人的消失都要比我们认为的复杂得多，所以，人们应该更仔细分析尼安德特人的消失，由此可知，从克里斯·斯特林格的话中可以推断出人们应该仔细分析尼安德特人的消失。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“HumansandNeanderthals,whoweknowfromgeneticanalysisencounteredoneanotherandhadbabies,resultinginNeanderthaltracesinourDNA,overlapped(重叠)foramuchlongerperiodinEurope,thisstudysuggests.”（这项研究表明，人类和尼安德特人，我们从基因分析中了解到他们彼此相遇并生了孩子，这导致我们DNA中的尼安德特痕迹，在欧洲重叠的时间要长得多）可知，我们从基因分析中了解到人类和尼安德特人彼此相遇并生了孩子，这导致我们DNA中的尼安德特痕迹，由此可推断出，智人和尼安德特人有某种复杂的关系。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项o选项中有两项为多余选项。Whoeverwrotethesong“It’stheMostWonderfulTimeoftheYear”musthaveneverexperiencedtheholidayblues.Fortunately,psychologicalresearchsuggestssomeeffectivewaysyoucanusetobeattheholidayblues.___16___.Instead,theycanhelpcontributetoahealthyandhappylife.Herearefourstrategiestohelpyoumakeyourownhappinessrecipethisholidayseason.___17___Atfamilygatheringswithcousinsyousecretlycan’tstand,youtendtoputonahappyface.Indeed,thatmightevenseemlikethemostmatureresponse—nodrama,noconflict.Buta2011studyfolloweddozensofbusdrivers,lookingtoseewhentheygaveforcedorhonestsmilesattheirpassengers.Theresultsshowedwhenthedriverspretendedtohaveagoodmood,theiractualmoodsgotworse,sotryingtoforcehappinessseemstohavetheoppositeeffects.LetoutsadnessTheresultsofthebus-driverstudycanbeexplainedbyresearchers.whofindthatnegativefeelingslikesadnessorangeronlyincreasewhenwetrytocontrolthem.___18___.Wedon’tlikecontradictorybehavior.RespondcautiouslyRecently,scientistshavebeenpayingspecialattentiontothebenefitsofcaution.___19___.Acautiousresponsetoanegativeeventreducessadnessweexperience.Besides,itisassociatedwithlessanxiety,andmayevencarryphysiologicalbenefits.EnjoyamixofemotionsOfcourse,theholidayswillbringamixofhighsandlows,butthemostimportantlessontokeepinmindisthatthisvarietyofemotionsmightbethebestthingpossibleforyouroverallwell-being.___20___.Justmakesureyou’rebalancingthemwithlighterexperiences.Anddon’tforgettogiveyourselfabreak.A.Don’tforcecheerB.RelaxyourmindC.WetendtodenytheimportantfunctionemotionsserveD.WefeelbadwhenourappearancecontradictshowwetrulyfeelinsideE.Inotherwords,sadness,anger,andotherdifficultemotionsarenothingtofearF.Whenyourespondcautiouslytoanemotionaltrigger,youpauseratherthanreactatonceG.Thekeypointisthatsadnessandothertoughemotionsarenotwhatweshouldtrytoavoid【答案】16.G17.A18.D19.F20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了心理学家们建议的几种应对忧郁情绪的方式。【16题详解】根据空后“Instead,theycanhelpcontributetoahealthyandhappylife.”（相反，他们可以促成一个健康开心的生活）可知，此处的they为代词，刚好与G选项的“Thekeypointisthatsadnessandothertoughemotionsarenotwhatweshouldtrytoavoid”（重点是悲伤和其他悲观的情绪不是我们应该努力避免的）中提到的负面情绪对应，符合语义逻辑，故选G项。【17题详解】根据空后首句“Atfamilygatheringswithcousinsyousecretlycan’tstand,youtendtoputonahappyface.”（在与你私下无法忍受的堂兄弟姐妹的聚会上，你往往带上一个微笑面具）可知，此段讲的是强迫自己开心，A选项的“Don’tforcecheer”（不要强迫振奋），符合本段语义逻辑，故选A项。【18题详解】根据空后句“Wedon’tlikecontradictorybehavior.”（我们不喜欢矛盾的行为），D选项的“Wefeelbadwhenourappearancecontradictshowwetrulyfeelinside”（当我们的外在表现与我们内心的真实感受冲突时，我们感觉不好）刚好详细解释了什么是矛盾的行为，符合语义逻辑，故选D项。【19题详解】根据空后句“Acautiousresponsetoanegativeeventreducessadnessweexperience”（一个对于消极事件的谨慎应对会减少我们经历的悲伤）可知,此处讲的是应对消极事件，F选项的“Whenyourespondcautiouslytoanemotionaltrigger,youpauseratherthanreactatonce”（当你小心翼翼地应对一个情绪触发事件时，你不是选择立刻应对，而是让自己暂时停下来），符合语义逻辑，故选F项。【20题详解】根据空前“butthemostimportantlessontokeepinmindisthatthisvarietyofemotionsmightbethebestthingpossibleforyouroverallwell-being”（但是最重要的需要记住的教训是这些情绪也许是对你的总体幸福最好的东西），刚好与E选项的“Inotherwords,sadness,angerandotherdifficultemotionsarenothingtofear”（换句话说，悲伤，生气和其他一些让你感到困难的情绪没什么好害怕的）构成同义解释关系，故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。LenoreSkenazyisaNewYorkjournalist.Whenshewroteabouthowshehadlefthernine-year-oldsonincentralNewYorkandlethimtakethesubwayhomealone,shecauseda____21____mediastorm.Herson,Izzy,whose____22____theexpedition(出行)hadbeen,washappywiththeexperience.Hearrivedhomesafely,____23____abouthisindependence.Hehadbeenbeggingforweekstobe____24____outonhisownandtotravelunsupervised(无人监督的).MsSkenazygaveIzzyasubwaymap,twentydollarsandsome____25____incaseheneededtomakeaphonecall.ButMsSkenazy’sactionslandedherinahuge____26____.Althoughmanycameoutto____27____her,shewaslabeled“America’sworstmom”byothers.“Mysonhadsimplydonewhatmostpeoplemyagehaddone____28____whentheywerehisage:gonesomewhereonhisown,withoutasecuritydetail.”Shewrote____29____.“Theproblemwiththisdangerousideaisthatoverprotectivenessisa_____30_____initself.Achildwhothinkshecan’tdoanything_____31_____eventuallycan’t.”So.arewelivinginarisk-averse(风险规避的)culturewherewelimitourchildren’sabilityto_____32_____dangerbyneverallowingthemtotakereasonable_____33_____?Doeswesternsocietygiveitschildrentoomuch_____34_____?OrdidMsSkenazy’sactions_____35_____hersoninunnecessarydanger?Whatdoyouthink?21.A.pleasant B.fierce C.illegal D.embarrassing22.A.idea B.emotion C.outcome D.mission23.A.surprised B.frightened C.annoyed D.excited24.A.requested B.allowed C.desired D.invited25.A.change B.property C.benefit D.wage26.A.arrangement B.violence C.movement D.argument27.A.support B.follow C.confirm D.define28.A.possibly B.usually C.eventually D.nearly29.A.alongside B.earlier C.afterwards D.sooner30.A.fear B.pressure C.disability D.danger31.A.onhisown B.inhisway C.nowandthen D.moreorless32.A.getinto B.lookinto C.takeon D.dealwith33.A.steps B.risks C.charge D.control34.A.stress B.freedom C.protection D.barrier35.A.appeal B.fancy C.involve D.occur【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.B25.A26.D27.A28.B29.C30.D31.A32.D33.B34.C35.C【解析】【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述LenoreSkenazy女士把自己9岁的儿子留在纽约市中心，让他独自坐地铁回家引发了争议的事情。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她写到她如何把9岁的儿子留在纽约市中心，让他独自坐地铁回家时，引发了一场激烈的媒体风暴。A.pleasant令人愉快的；B.fierce激烈的；C.illegal非法的；D.embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据下文“Althoughmanycameoutto____7____her,shewaslabeled“America’sworstmom”byothers.”可知，LenoreSkenazy女士的行为引发了社会上激烈的争议。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的儿子Izzy想到的这个想法，并且对这次经历感到很高兴。A.idea想法；B.emotion情感；C.outcome结果；D.mission任务。根据下文“theexpedition”可知，这里指的是Izzy独自坐地铁回家的主意。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他安全到家了，并且对这次经历感到很兴奋。A.surprised吃惊的；B.frightened害怕的；C.annoyed心烦的；D.excited兴奋的。根据上文“Herson,Izzy,whose____2____theexpedition(出行)hadbeen,washappywiththeexperience.”可知，Izzy对独自坐地铁回家的经历感到很兴奋。故选D。24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他已经恳求几个星期了，想要被允许一个人去旅行。A.requested要求；B.allowed允许；C.desired渴望；D.invited邀请。根据上文“Hehadbeenbegging”和下文“outonhisown”可知，Izzy一直恳求父母，他能够被允许一个人去旅行。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Skenazy女士给了Izzy一张地铁地图、二十美元和一些零钱，以防他需要打电话。A.change零钱；B.property财产；C.benefit好处；D.wage工资。根据下文“incaseheneededtomakeaphonecall”可知，使用公用电话需要零钱。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但Skenazy女士的行为让她陷入了一场激烈的争论。A.arrangement安排；B.violence暴力；C.movement移动；D.argument争论。根据上文“Whenshewroteabouthowshehadlefthernine-year-oldsonincentralNewYorkandlethimtakethesubwayhomealone,shecauseda____1____mediastorm.”可知，LenoreSkenazy女士的行为引发了社会上激烈的争议。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管许多人出来支持她，但是她仍然被别人贴上“美国最糟糕的母亲”的标签。A.support支持；B.follow跟随；C.confirm证实；D.define下定义。根据上文“Although”可知，上下文是转折关系，下文提到她仍然被别人贴上“美国最糟糕的母亲”的标签，所以对应的应该是有人支持她。故选A。28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她后来写到：“我的儿子只是做了我这个年龄段的大多数人在他这个年龄时经常做的事情：独自去了某个地方，没有安全信息。”A.possibly可能；B.usually经常；C.eventually最终；D.nearly几乎。根据上文“Mysonhadsimplydonewhatmostpeoplemyagehaddone”可知，这里是指一个人出去是Skenazy他们在那个年龄时经常做的事情。故选B。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：见第8题详解。A.alongside沿着；B.earlier更早；C.afterwards后来；D.sooner更快。根据上文““Mysonhadsimplydonewhatmostpeoplemyagehaddone____8____whentheywerehisage:gonesomewhereonhisown,withoutasecuritydetail.””可知，这是Skenazy后来写的内容。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种危险想法的问题在于，过度保护本身就是一种危险。一个认为自己不能独自做任何事情的孩子最终就不能独自做任何事情。A.fear害怕；B.pressure压力；C.disability残疾；D.danger危险。根据上文“Theproble