高中英语人教版1Greatscientists unit1section

Unit1SectionⅠⅠ.单词拼写eq\x(导学号49152033)(暴露)tosomanyadvertisements,wecan'thelpbeingpersuadedtobuysomethingwedon'treallyneed.2．Hasthegovernment_announced__(宣布)thattheywillbuildanewhighwaytothemountain?3．Thebabiesarewell_attended__(照顾)inthepopularnursery.4．Findingasolutiontothisproblemisoneofthegreatest_challenges__(挑战)facedbyscientiststoday.5．He_concluded__(结束)hisspeechwithaninterestingstory.6．Heworksinasportscentre_instructing__peopleintheuseofthegymequipment.7．Thearmywaswell－trainedandwell－armed,andhadlittledifficulty_defeating__theenemy.8．Thedrugis_suspected__ofcausingover200deaths.9．Thedoctoriswell－knownforhaving_cured__somepeopleofthedeadlydisease.10．Thosewhocan_foresee__difficultiesontheirwaytosuccessmaykeepcalmwhentheyreallyappear.Ⅱ.选词填空eq\x(导学号49152034)eq\x(beexposedto，drawaconclusion，lookinto，putforward，beabsorbedinto，betoblame)1．Thecream_is_absorbed_into__theskineasily.2．Theideayou_put_forward__atthemeetingyesterdayismorepracticalthanhis.3．Thepublicwanttoknowwho_is_to_blame__fortheaccident.4．Thedoctorexaminedthepatientcarefullyandthen_drew_a_conclusion__.5．Thepolicepromisedto_look_into__theaccident.6．Itisverydangerousto_be_exposed_to__patientswithEbolaviruses(埃博拉病毒)withoutanyprotection.Ⅲ.完成句子eq\x(导学号49152035)1．Whydidyou_put___forward__(提出)suchaviewatyesterday'smeeting?2．I_was___so___absorbed___in__(正入神地读)thisbookthatIdidn'thearyoucomein.3．Wereyou_attending___to__(注意听)whatshewassaying?4．They_draw___different___conclusions__(得出了不同的结论)fromthefacts.5．Wemustsendsomeoneto_look___into__(调查)thematter.6．Itisaseriousillness,but_can___be___cured__(能被治愈)．_time__(每次)Icatchacold,Ialwaysdrinkmuchwater.8．Wedon'tknowwhois_to___blame___for__(负责)theaccident.Ⅳ.完形填空eq\x(导学号49152036)Irecentlyheardastoryaboutafamousscientistwhohadmadeseveralveryimportantmedicalbreakthroughs(突破)．Hewasbeinginterviewedbyareporterwhoaskedthoughthewasabletobesomuchtheaverageperson.Herespondedthatitallcamefroma(n)hismotherthatoccurredwhenhewasabout2.Hehadbeentryingfromthefridgewhenslippery(光滑的)bottle,itscontentsrunningalloverthekitchenfloor.Whenhismothercamein,athimorgivinghimalecture,shesaid,“Robert，whatagreatandhavemade!Isuchahugepoolofmilk.Well,thedamagehasalready.Wouldyouliketogetdownthemilkforafewminutesbeforewecleanitup？”Indeed,heafewminutes,hismothersaid,“Robert,wheneveryoumakeamesslikethis,eventuallyyouhavetorestoreeverythingtoitsproperorder.So,howwouldyouliketodothat?Wecoulduseasponge(海绵),atoweloramop.Whichdoyouprefer？”Hechosethesponge.Hismotherthensaid,“Youknow,whatwehavehereisinhowtoeffectivelycarryabigmilkbottlewith.Let'sgooutinthebackyardandfillthebottlewithwaterandseeifyou.”Thelittleboylearnedthatifbottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit.Whata！Thisscientistthensaidthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidn'tneedtomakemistakes.Instead,helearnedthatmistakeswerejustlearningsomethingnew,whichis,，whatscientificexperimentsareallabout.Eveniftheexperiment“doesn'”，weusuallylearnit.文章大意：一位科学家为什么能够与众不同？这与他母亲的教育有关。两岁时，他把奶瓶掉在地上，牛奶撒了一地，妈妈没有批评他，反而鼓励他尝试如何把瓶子抓好，因为错误往往是学习新知识的良机。妈妈的做法也培养了他勇敢地面对失败、敢于担当的品质。1． B．whatC．when D．how解析：句意：记者采访他，为什么他认为他能够比一般人更有创造力。代入四个选项可知，why(为什么)符合句意，故选A。2． B．ableC．creative D．honest解析：第一句话说了他有几项重要的医学突破，这应该离不开一种创造力。clever“聪明的”；able“有能力的”；creative“有创造力的”；honest“诚实的”，故选C。3． B．experienceC．accident D．conflict解析：句意：他回应道：这完全来自于他两岁时和妈妈在一起的一次经历。根据后面科学家的一段经历可知，B项符合句意。lesson“教训”；experience“经历”；accident“事故”；conflict“冲突”。4． B．bringC．remove D．fetch解析：句意：他一直尽力把牛奶从冰箱里拿出来，此时瓶子从手中滑落。carry“携带”；bring“带来”；remove“移动”；fetch“取来”。remove...from是固定搭配，意思是“从……地方拿走/移开”，故选C。5． B．lostC．escaped D．dropped解析：根据后文语境“hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit”可知，他把瓶子掉到地上了。故选D。drop与fall两者都可表示“掉，落”，区别如下：fall表示“落下”，多指无意识的行为，有自然坠落之意，且通常是不及物动词；drop既可指无意的行为，即表示“落下(不及物)”，也可指有意的行为，即表示“投下(及物)”。6．than B．insteadofC．otherthan D．inplaceof解析：妈妈没有因为奶瓶掉了，牛奶撒了一地而对他喊叫或者讲一番道理。ratherthan“而不是”；insteadof“代替，而不是”；otherthan“除了，不同于”；inplaceof“人或物替代其他人或物”。7． B．massC．map D．mess解析：句意：你弄得可真够乱的。下文妈妈提到“makeamess”。makeamess是固定搭配，意思是“搞得乱七八糟”。故选D。picture“照片”；mass“团，块”；map“地图”；mess“脏乱；混乱”。8． B．happilyC．frequently D．angrily解析：句意：“我”很少见到这么一大摊牛奶。rarely“很少地”；happily“高兴地”；frequently“经常地”；angrily“生气地”。9． B．sufferedC．done D．received解析：句意：既然已经造成了损害。suffer“遭受”；dodamage是固定搭配，意为“损害”，这里用了被动形式，故选C。10． B．playC．enjoy D．lay解析：句意：你愿意在牛奶中玩一会儿然后我们再收拾干净吗？jump“跳”，play“玩”；enjoy“喜欢”；lay“放置”。getdownandplay相当于getdowntoplaying，故选B。11． B．successfulC．fantastic D．painful解析：他把奶瓶掉在地上，所以应该说是一次失败的经历。failed“失败的”；successful“成功的”；fantastic“不可思议的”；painful“痛苦的”，故选A。12． B．tinyC．thin D．weak解析：前文提到他当时只有两岁，所以他的手应该是小的：tiny“小的”。故选B。strong“强壮的”；thin“瘦的”；weak“弱的”。13．it B．putitC．tryit D．makeit解析：句意：咱们到院子里，把瓶子里装满水，看看你能不能做好。getit“明白了”；putit“放”；tryit“试试看”，makeit“成功”。14． B．possessedC．broke D．grasped解析：句意：小男孩学会了如果他两只手抓住上边靠近瓶口的地方，他就可以抓住奶瓶不掉落了。control“控制”；possess“拥有”；break“打碎”；grasp“掌握，抓住”，故选D。15． B．teachingC．lesson D．instruction解析：通过自己亲手做让孩子知道怎么做，这一课上得很精彩。example“例子”；teaching“教学”；lesson“课，教训”；instruction“命令；指示”，故选C。16． B．nervousC．fearful D．afraid解析：句意：科学家在那一刻也明白了他不必害怕犯错误。anxious“焦虑的”；nervous“紧张的”；fearful“可怕的”；afraid“害怕的”。固定短语beafraidtodosth.意为“不敢做某事”，故选D。17． B．opportunitiesC．times D．turns解析：句意：他懂得了错误只是他学习新东西的机会。situation“局面”；opportunity“机会”；time“时代，次数”；turn“转弯”，故选B。18．all B．aboveallC．firstofall D．inall解析：句意：通过以上的经历，科学家的感受是：科学实验终究是试验一个又一个的错误。afterall“毕竟；终究”；aboveall“最重要的是”；firstofall“首先；第一”；inall“总共；合计”。19． B．finishC．go D．work解析：句意：即使实验不成功，我们通常也可以学到有价值的东西。work“工作；起作用”，故选D。do“做”；finish“完成”；go“去；前往”。20． B．costlyC．valuable D．interesting解析：句意：即使实验不成功，我们通常也可以学到有价值的东西。worthy“值得的”；costly“昂贵的”；valuable“贵重的，有价值的”；interesting“有趣的”，故选C。Ⅴ.阅读理解eq\x(导学号49152037)LouisPasteur,thefamousFrenchchemistandbacteriologist,invented“pasteurization”．In1854PasteurwasmadeheadofthedepartmentofscienceattheUniversityofLille,anditwastherethathemadeoneofhismostfamousdiscoveries.Lillewasamajorcenterforwineandbeer－making,andsomeofthelocalwine－makersaskedPasteurifhecouldhelpsolvetheproblemofkeepingwinethattime,itwasbelievedthatfoodanddrinkswent“bad”becauseofapurelychemicalprocess(变化过程).ButduringaseriesofexperimentsPasteurprovedthattinylivingorganisms(微生物)causedfoodanddrinkstogobad.Inthecaseofwineandbeer,theorganismsarealreadypresentintheformofthevariousyeasts(酵母)thatcausedthefermentation(发酵)process.Pasteurdiscoveredthatheatingthewinegentlyforafewminutesafterithadfermentedwouldkillofftheyeastthatwasleftinthewine,withtheresultthatthewinewouldremainfreshformuchlonger.Healsoprovedthatfoodanddrinkscouldbeturnedbadbyotherorganismsthatwerepresentintheair，andthattheywouldkeepfreshmuchlongerif_they__werekeptinTheheatingprocesswassosuccessfulthatitmadePasteurfamous.Itwasnamed“pasteurization”inhishonour,andbyabout1900ithadbeenwidelyusedforprocessingandbottlingcows'milk.Theresultwasahugedropinthenumberofbottle－fedbabiesdyingfrominfantdiarrhea(婴儿腹泻)andfromthattimeonithasbeenastandardtreatmentformilkandmanyotherfoodproducts.Thissimpleprocesshassavedthousands,possiblymillions,oflivesworldwide.1．Pasteurbecame_A__in1854.A．thechairpersonofthesciencedepartmentattheUniversityB．thedirectorofachemicallaboratoryattheUniversityC．thegeneralmanagerofalargebeer－makingcompanyD．thepresidentoftheUniversity解析：细节理解题。从第一段第二句话“In1854PasteurwasmadeheadofthedepartmentofscienceattheUniversityofLille...”一句可知答案。2．Accordingtothepassage，Lillewasamajorcenterfor_B__inthemid－19thcentury.A．growinggraincropsB．makingbeerandwineC．doingchemicalresearchD．producingvariouskindsofyeasts解析：细节理解题。从第一段中第三句话“Lillewasamajorcenterforwineandbeer－making,andsomeofthelocalwine－makersaskedPasteurifhecouldhelpsolvetheproblemofkeepingwinefresh.”可知答案3．InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,theunderlinedword“they”refersto_B__.A．wineandbeer B.foodanddrinksC．thevariousyeasts D．otherorganisms解析：词义指代题。从第一段最后一句话可知they指的是foodanddrinks。4．WecaninferfromthepassagethatPasteur'sdiscovery_C__.A．isnolongerwidelyusedfortreatingmilkandotherfoodproductsB．didnotbringmuchprofittothewine－makersinLilleC．hasdonealotofgoodtochildrenintheworldD．hasgreatlyreducedthenumberofwarsintheworld解析：推理判断题。短文的最后一段讲述了在1900年巴斯德所发明的防止食物和酒变质的方法广泛应用于儿童所饮用的瓶装牛奶，使世界上成千上万的儿童免于死亡。Ⅵ.七选五eq\x(导学号49152038)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2023·北京)TheScienceofRisk－SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestof?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearly－takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orthequalityofrisk－takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren'twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk－takingcouldgetonefewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay－in－the－cavearesult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexistsmaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhatematterwhereyouareontherisk－seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenagehelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.therisk－seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomes