高三英语集体备课课件-3月9-14日-情态动词复习课件

情态动词语法专题之Modalverbs

常用的情态动词can（could）may（might）shall（should）will（would）must（must）dare（dared）need（needed）havetooughttobeabletousedtoHecan/could/must/may/might/shall/should/need/dare/dared/will/would/oughtto/usedto+

work

inthatfactory.Hehastogohomenow.Hehadtolookafterhissickmother.Thefeature（特点）ofthemodalverbs:1.情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全.2.不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语3.情态动词没有人称和数的变化(除“haveto”).4.没有不定式、V-ing、V-ed形式.在情态动词的使用中,我们要注意以下考点:1.情态动词的基本用法。2.情态动词+have+P.P的用法。3.情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。4.情态动词的反意疑问句的用法。5.情态动词特殊短语的用法。6.情态动词表推测的用法归纳2．情态动词的基本用法及区别(1)can，could规则1：表示体力或脑力(知识、技能)所产生的能力。canam/is/areabletowillbeabletocouldwas/wereabletocouldhave+过去分词表示现在的能力表示将来的能力表示过去的能力表示过去有能力，但是未做Iamstarvetodeath,I

eattwobowlsofricenow.我快饿死了，现在我能吃两碗饭。Ifyouhaveagoodsleep,youwill

workoutthisproblem.如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone

getout.尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个旅馆，但是每个人都逃出去了。I

outtheproblem,butIwastoonervous.我本来可以解出这道题，但我太紧张了。Someofus

usethecomputernow，butwe

lastyear.现在我们中的一些人能使用电脑了，但去年我们还不能。can表示现在的能力beableto表示将来的能力wasableto表示过去的能力couldhaveworked表示过去有能力但未做cancouldn't现在的能力过去的能力Exx.1.Ishouldhavebeenthere,butI

notcatchthebus.A.would B.couldC.might D.should2.---IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork---Oh,didyou?You

withBabara.A.couldhavestayed B.couldstayC.wouldstay D.musthavestayedBA规则2：表示客观的可能性。1)Accidents

happenonsuchrainydays.2)we

gotothecinematonight,butwearenotsure.canmaycan表示具体事情的可能性时，用于在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，表示怀疑、惊异或不相信的态度。This

bedonebyhim.He

beonhiswayhomenow.

thisbedonebyhim?Mr.Bushisontimeeverything.How

itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?can't/couldn'tcouldCancan表示不相信表不确定表示疑惑、惊讶表示疑惑、惊讶规则3：表示请求建议，用could比can语气更委婉，回答用原形。—

Icomein?——我能进来吗？—Yes,you

.——是的，你可以进来。—

Iuseyourbiketomorrowmorning?——明天上午我可以用你的自行车吗？—Yes,you

.(否定回答可用：No,I'mafraidnot.)——是的，你可以。(不，恐怕不行。)规则4：表示允许、许可，用could比can更委婉、客气。Ifyoukeepstill,you

sitoneithersideoftheboat.如果你保持不乱动，你可以坐在船的任一边。canCancanCouldcan【注意】(1)表示“经过努力后终于能……”，用beableto。Thefirewasverybigbuteveryone

escapefromthebuilding.火很大，但每个人都成功逃出了那栋大楼。(2)惯用形式“cannot(can’t)…too/over/enough”表示“无论怎么……也不(过分)”，用来加强语气。(3)cannotbutdosth.不得不；只好。I

thankyou

.我对你真是感激不尽。You

bestrong

.强壮身体有百利而无一害。I

.我只好去。=can'thelpbutdosth.=can'tchoosebuttodosth.=havenochoicebuttodosth.wasabletoCannotenoughcanneverenoughcouldnotbutchoosetogo(2)may，might(1)表示允许、请求。MightI…？比MayI…？语气更为委婉和有礼貌。对于MightI…？的回答用…may；对MayI…？的否定回答常用…mustn’t/can’t。(2)表示说话人的猜测，表示“或许，大概”。用于肯定句或否定句中，用might比may语气更加不肯定。—

Ismokehere?——我能在这抽烟吗？—Yes,

No, .——可以，请便。/当然可以。/是的，你可以。/不，你不能抽烟。【2011北京卷,24】——Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?——Don’tworry.He

come.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.A.mustnotB.neednotC.wouldnotD.mightnotDMayplease./Certainly./Yes,youmay.youmustn't【注意】(1)用于目的状语从句中，含“能，能够……”之意。(2)惯用形式“may(might)aswell＋动词原形”意为“不妨做……”。(4)表示祝愿(不用might)。采用部分倒装语序：may＋主语＋动词原形＋……！。TomstudyEnglishhardinorderthathe

goabroadsomeday.Tom努力地学习英语为了有一天他能出国。You

methetruth.你不妨和我说实话。We

whereweare.我们最好待在原地。May

!

祝你快乐！May

!祝你成功！(3)maywell+动词原形理应…；有足够的理由…We

sheisagoodteacher.

我们大可说她是一位优秀的老师。(5)

may…but…

或许会…但是…She

beautiful,

sheiscool.她也许算的上美丽，但太冷漠了。maymayaswelltellmayaswellstaymaywellsayyoubehappyyousucceedmaybebut(3)must，haveto规则1：must表示“必须”（必要性）。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式；其否定式是mustnot(mustn’t)，表示“禁止”“不准”。此时，对用must提问的一般疑问句的否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto。—

Ifinishtheworktoday?——我今天必须完成工作吗？—Yes，you

./No，you

./You

.——是的，你必须完成。/不，你需要。/你不需要。You

buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.A.must B.mustn’t C.haveto D.don’thavetoDWhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatI______playwithmatches.

A.wouldn't

B.needn't

C.mustn't

D.daren't

CMustmustneedn'tdon'thaveto规则2:

must表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”（可能性），通常与be动词连用，只用于肯定句中。You

behungryafteralongwalk.走了这么远的路你一定饿了。〖10北京〗---Goodmorning.I’vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.

--Ah,goodmorning.You

beMrs.Peters.A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.canB〖09重庆〗—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?—She_____intheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.A.shallbe

B.shouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.mighthavebeenCmust规则3:

haveto表示“必须，不得不”，强调客观要求，（是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。）haveto的否定形式表示不必。能用于更多时态。Youwill

cleanyourownbootswhenyoujointhearmy.I

beatmyofficeeveryevening.1.Someaspectsofapilot’sjob_____beboring,andpilotsoften_____workatinconvenienthours.

A.can;haveto

B.may;can

C.haveto;may

D.oughtto;musthavetohaveto【注意】must还表示主语主观的坚持，有“偏偏，偏要，一定要”之意。表示与说话人的愿望相反.Ifyou

go，atleastwaittillthestormisover．

youmakesomuchnoise？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？—MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou____,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.

A.should

B.could

C.may

D.must〖06浙江〗—CouldIhaveawordwithyou,mum?—Ohdear,ifyou . .A.can

B.must C.may D.shouldmust如果你硬是要走，至少要等到风暴结束的时候。Must(4)shall，should，oughtto规则1：A.shall用于第一、第三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见；B.shall用于第二、第三人称中，表示说话人的决心、意志、许诺、命令、警告、威胁等;

webeginourlesson?

I/shesithere?--Sir,____hegoorstay?--Lethimgo.A.willB.shallC.mightD.couldYouwantedjustice,soyoushallgetjustice,morethanyouwanted.Youshallhaveanicepresentforyourbirthday.

Youshallbesorryforwhatyouhavedone.(允诺)(允诺)(警告)ShallShallWhenhecomesinnobodyshallsayaword.

Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.(命令)(决心)1.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(候选人)____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall2.—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.—You___havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’tC.shall用于第二，第三人称，用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务。“Theinterest___bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.may

B.should

C.must

D.shall规则2：should意为“应该”，表义务、责任，也可表示劝告、建议。oughtto

语气更强些，强调“有责任，有义务做”

A:I’llstarttheworktomorrow.B:Ithinkyou

starttoday.C:No,you

startatonce.(语气更强）should/oughtto的否定形式表示“不应该”Children

smoke.孩子不该抽烟。—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—It________be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.willB.wouldC.shouldD.mustWhattimeoughtI_______?A．arrivedB．arrivingC．arriveD．toarriveHe_______speaktohismotherlikethat.A．oughtnottoB．doesn’toughttoC．notoughttoD．oughttonotshouldoughttoshouldn’t/oughtn’tto规则3：should表推测,意为“可能；该”,相当于beexpectedto。往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性”进行描述，语气上不如must强。Mr.Black

behomebynow，forIsawhimjustnow.Mr.Black

behomebynow.2.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They______bereadyby12：00．

A．canB．shouldC．mightD．need3.It’snearlyseveno’clock．Jack_____behereatanymoment．

A．mustB．needC．shouldD．can1.—WillMr.Wangofferusahand?—He______begladto．Heneverrefusedourrequest．

A．canB．mustC．mayD．shouldmustoughtto/should规则4：should还可表示说话人对某事的不解、感到意外、惊异等，意为“竟会，居然”，常用在Ineverimagine,Ican’tbelieve,It’sapity(surprise),Why/How＋should等结构中。I

don’t

believe

that

the

little

girl

speak

two

different

languages!我不相信这个小女孩竟然能说两种不同的语言！Ican’tbelievemyeyes.Suchwell-educated

gentleman____behavelikethis!would

B.should

C.can

D.mustshould

—It’shardtobelievethatJack________havefoughtwiththepoliceman.—Yes.Ifone________askfortrouble,itcan’tbehelped.would;will B.must;may C.should;must D.need;dare规则6：oughtto表示责任和义务意为“应该”，语气比should强；还可表推测。A:I’llstarttheworktomorrow.B:Ithinkyoushouldstarttoday.C:No,yououghttostartatonce.(语气更强）(1)与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷，“究竟是，到底”Who

comeinbutmyoldfriendJim!(我当是谁来了呢，原来是我的老朋友吉姆!)【注意】(2)用于条件状语从句中，“一旦，万一”

youchangeyourmind,letmeknow.〖09天津〗Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.mightshouldShould(3)用于atleast/forfearthat/incase引导的状语从句中，“唯恐、以免”ShegavemealistincasethatI

forgetwhattobuy.(5)will，would规则1：shall用于各种人称，表示意志或决心。will指现在，would则指过去。I

neverdothatagain.I

giveupsmoking.—Don’tforgettobringmynewbookstomorrowafternoon.—No,I＿＿＿＿＿＿.A.don’t

B.can’tC.won’t

D.couldn’tshouldwillwill规则2：用于第二人称的疑问句中表示有礼貌的询问或请求，would比will更委婉。其回答用…will。

youpassmethebook?

hepayforme?

youliketocomewithus?规则3：表示习惯性、经常性、倾向性，意为“总是，惯于”。will指现在，would是指过去。Boys

beboys.男孩终归是男孩。Matches

strikeiftheyaredamp.火柴潮湿就擦不着。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.鱼没有水会死。Thedoor_______open.这门经常打不开won’tWill/WouldWillWouldwillwillnot【注意】would与usedto的区别：①usedto强调今昔对比，过去的某种习惯，现在已经没有了；would表示过去一段时间里有某种习惯，现在可能还有。试比较：Wewouldsitintheyardeveryeveningandlistentohisstory.(过去会这样，现在可能还这样)Weusedtositintheyardeveryeveningandlistentohisstory.(过去会这样，但现在不这样了)Ronald______stayinhissmallgardenforalongtimeeverydayinthepast.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.would②表示过去的状态，只能用usedto，不能用would。(7)need，dare规则1：作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Whenhewasyong,hisfatherwouldbeateacherinthevillage.Therewouldbeanoldtempleonthetopofthelittlehill.Fwould---usedtoFwould---usedto可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dareDare(need)+S+VS+daren’t(needn’t)+VIdaren’twalkthroughtheforestatnight.Dareyouwalkthroughtheforestatnight?Youneedn’treturnthebooknow.Needhedoitallatonce?规则2：作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中,

有人称、时态、和数的变化Heneedstogotherehimself.Hehasgrownup,wedon’tneedtoworryabouthim.daredodareddodaren’t/darenotdodarednotdoDarehedo?Daredhedo?dare/darestododaredtododo/doesnotdare(to)dodidnotdare(to)doDoyou/Doeshedare(to)do?Didhedare(to)do规则3.Sth(sb)need(want,require)+doing/tobedoneThehouseneeds

.这间房子需打扫。Theboyneeds

tothehospitalatonce.这孩子需立马送到医院Idareyoutotellyourparents!我谅你也不敢告诉你父母！英语口语中dare的几个常用结构：○Idaresay...我想，大概，可能，或许……Idaresaythingswillimprove.我想情况会好转的。○Howdareyou...?

你怎么敢……？Howdareyouaskmesuchaquestion?你怎么敢问我这样的问题？○Idareyou...

我谅你也不敢……cleaning/tobecleanedSending/tobesent1.Iwonderhowhe____thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay2.Iwonderhowshe

thedrunkensailortheotherday.

A.darefightingoff

B.daredfightoff

C.daretofightoff

D.daredfightingoff3.Thedog

hibernate(冬眠)inwinter.

A.don'tneed

B.doesn'tneedto

C.needsnotto

D.needsnot注意对need一般疑问句的回答:--NeedIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,________________.No,________________.No,________________.youmustyouneedn’tyoudon’thavetoneedn’t对其它情态动词的回答:--ShallItellJohnaboutit?--No,you__________.

--Mustwedoitnow?

--No,you__________.

needn’t/(don’thaveto)needn’t/(don’thaveto)情态动词+have+P.P.〖10安徽〗Jackdescribedhisfather,who_______abraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong–willedman.A.wouldbe

B.wouldhavebeenC.mustbe D.musthavebeenmusthavedone“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，其否定式为can’t/couldn’thavedone疑问句用can/couldhavedonemusthaverained

couldn’thavegonetoBeijingCanhavegone【2012江苏卷】35.—Happybirthday!—Thankyou!It’sthebestpresentI

for.A.shouldhavewished

B.musthavewishedC.mayhavewished

D.couldhavewishedcouldhavedone用在肯定句中，表示“本来能够做某事Youcouldhavecome5minutesearlier.你本来能早到5分钟的。may/mighthavedone“也许/或许已经做某事”。一般只用于肯定句和否定句中(在否定句中表示“可能不”),不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定

mayhavegonetobed

maynothavefinishedtheworkmighthavehadacold〖10山东〗I_______havewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t【2011全国卷,32】They

havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.A.willB.canC.mustD.shouldshould/oughttohavedone“本该做某事，而实际上未做”〖10天津〗Mark

havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t1.Theriverisrising.It________lastnight.mustberaining

B.mustrainC.mighthaverainedD.musthaverained2.Ididn’thearthephone.I___asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen3.----Wedidn'tseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.----He

it.

A.mustn'thaveattended

B.cannothaveattended

C.needn'thaveattended

D.wouldhavenotattended4.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It____acomfortablejourneyA.can’tbe

B.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen5.You

yesterdayifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourwork.

A.oughttocome

B.oughttobecoming

C.oughttohavecomeD.oughthavecome6.You______alltheseparcelsyourself.Theshopwouldhavedeliveredthemifyouhadaskedashopassistant.A.didn’tneedtocarry

B.needn’thavecarriedC.needn’tcarry

D.didn’tneedcarry7.Mr.White___at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving8.—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—You___herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetoldPractice1.Helen_______goonthetripwithus,butsheisn'tquitesureyet.A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can2.----I'vetakensomeoneelse'sgreensweaterbymistake.----It______Harry's.Healwayswearsgreen.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn'tbeD.couldbe3.Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers_____notlikethedesignofthefurniture.A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need4.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry______beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.A.must

B.mayC.can

D.need5."Theinterest______bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,"declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall6.I______payTomavisit,butI'mnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.A.should

B.mightC.would

D.could7.----Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.----You________.I'mnotaskingyouforit.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn't8.----Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.----You________havemycomputerifyoudon'ttakecareofit.A.shan'tB.mightnotC.needn'tD.shouldn't9.----Excuseme.IsthattherightwaytotheSummerPalace?----Sorry,I'mnotsure,butit______be.A.mightB.willC.mustD.can10.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI_____reportittothepolice?A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can11.You________betired-you'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD.maynot12.----Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?----Well,ifyou______know,hernameisMabel.A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall13.There________beanydifficultyinpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn't

B.shan'tC.shouldn't

D.needn't14.-Lucydoesn'tmindlendingyouherdictionary.--She__________.I'vealreadyborrowedone.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't15.He___havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn'tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn'tD.can't16.I_____havebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't17.Thiscakeisverysweet.You____alotofsugarinit.A.shouldputB.couldhaveputC.mightputD.musthaveput18.Hepaidforaseat,whenhe____haveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need19.Iwasonthehighwaywhenhiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They____atleast150kilometersanhour.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeenC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone20.-Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisheabsenttoday?--Something__________tohim.A.musthappenB.shouldhavehappenedC.couldhavehappenedD.musthavehappened21.-DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn'tfindhimanywhere.--Well.He_______havegonefar-hiscoatisstillhere.A.shouldn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.wouldn't22.---Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.---Thanks.You_____it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A.needn'tdoB.needn'thavedoneC.mustn'tdoD.shouldn'thavedone2