选修八第四单元词汇vocabulary

Unit4Pygmalion1.hesitatevi.犹豫；踌躇(1)hesitatetodosth.犹豫做某事hesitateabout/over/at...对……感到犹豫(2)hesitationn.犹豫withouthesitation毫不犹豫地①PremierLisaid“Thegovernmentwillnot_________helpyououtofpoverty.”李总理说“政府会毫不犹豫地帮你摆脱贫困。”②Sheseemsto_____________________theprivatequestion.她好像不愿意回答这个私人问题。hesitatetohesitateaboutanswering③Heacceptedthejobwithouthesitation.他毫不迟疑地接受了这份工作。【熟词生义】读句子猜含义Embarrassmentcausedthespeakertohesitate.()口吃；话语吞吐【高考链接】(2009·福建高考)Weareatyourservice.Don’t_______toturntousifyouhaveanyfurtherproblems.A.begB.hesitateC.desireD.seek【解析】选B。2.mistakenadj.错误的;不正确的mistaken．&v．错误，过失；弄错，误解，把……误认为拓展：bemistakenabout误会……

bemistakenfor被误认为是bymistake错误地make...mistake(s)in在……的错误makeamistake犯错误

运用：在横线上填上适当的介词或完成句子1)Someonemusthaveleftthedooropen______mistake.2)Wemayhavemadeamistake__________ourcalculations.3)Tomdidn'tmake_______________________(犯一点拼写错误)inhiscomposition.4)You____________________entirely.(误解我的意思了)5)Hewas____________________theminister.(被误认为是)6)Ivan'sworkisalways____________________.(有很多错误)

3.remarkn.谈论；言论；评述

vt.&vi.谈论；评论；说起(1)makearemarkon/upon...=remarkon/upon对……作出评论/发表看法remarkthat...评论说……(2)remarkableadj.

非凡的；显著的①(2011·江苏高考)Ican’tdenythatherremarkshurtme.不可否认她的话伤害了我。②Don’tmakeruderemarkson/uponherappearance.不要对她的容貌胡乱评论。③Someexperts_____________theeducationalcauseshouldfacereality.有些专家评论说教育应该面对现实。④Thewriter,MoYan,__________________________inwriting.作家莫言在写作上取得了非凡的成绩。remarkedthatgotremarkableachievements4.Buttheybetraythemselveseverytimetheyopentheirmouths.

但是他们一张嘴就会露出马脚。1)betrayoneself无意中暴露出本性;背叛；暴露出e.g.Quitealotofpeoplewillbetraythemselveswhentemptedbymoney.

Iwon’tbetrayhistrust.Shewouldnotbetrayhissecretstome.Hisfacebetrayedthathewasangry.betray+n./n.+to表示“出卖,背叛,辜负”;betray+n./n.+(tobe)-that表示“无意中显示,暴露”。其名词形式为betrayal,如:anactofbetrayal背叛的行为。归纳拓展完成句子。Hebetrayedhisfriends_____theenemy.2.Hisaccentatoncebetrayedthefact_____hewasaforeigner.tothat5.condemnvt.谴责；使……注定；判处condemnsb./sth.as谴责/指责某人/物为……condemnsb.todosth.使某人注定做某事condemnsb.tosth.迫使(某人)处于(某种)状态；使某人注定……becondemnedtodeath被判死刑①Hisbadlegcondemnedhimtoawheelchair.他的残腿使他不得不坐在轮椅上。②Themeat________________unfitforhumanconsumption.这种肉不适合人们食用。wascondemnedas③He_____________________formurder.他因谋杀罪被判处死刑。【点津】(1)condemn表示“宣判、判处”时与sentence相同。(2)becondemnedto与bedoomedto意义相同,都表示“注定会……”。wascondemnedtodeath6.acquaintancen.

相识；了解；熟人①Imadehisacquaintanceataparty.=Imadetheacquaintanceofhimataparty.我是在一个聚会上认识他的。②Hehassomelittleacquaintancewiththelanguage.他稍微会一点儿这种语言。③Evenonfirstacquaintanceitwasclearthathewasamanofrichexperience.【归纳】填写适当的介词maketheacquaintance__sb.结识某人___firstacquaintance初次见面haveacquaintance____sth./sb.对某事物/某人了解ofonwith7.fortune［U］成功；好运,运气；［C］财富；大笔的钱(1)makeafortune发财seekone’sfortune外出找出路tryone’sfortune碰运气(2)fortunateadj.幸运的befortunatetodosth./indoingsth.幸运地做某事(3)fortunatelyadv.幸运地①___________,thefirewasdiscoveredsoonafterithadstarted.Fortunately②Nowmanyvillagersgotothebigcitiesto_______________.现在很多村民去大城市碰运气。③Sheis_________inhavingsuchakindhusband.她有这样一位好心的丈夫,真是幸运。trytheirfortunefortunate【高考链接】(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune_________.A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade【解析】选C。8.superioradj.优秀的；较高的；上级的

n.上级；长官观察句子,写出黑体部分的词性和含义①Iacknowledgedhimasmysuperior.(

)②Whichofthetwomethodsissuperior?(

)③Asoldiermustobeyhissuperiorofficers.(

)④JohnsonissuperiortoMr.Wanginmaths.(

)n.长者,上级,长官adj.较好的,出众的adj.上级的adj.比……优越/好9.overlookvt.俯瞰；未看到；忽视；不理会观察句子,写出黑体部分的含义①Thehouseonthehilloverlooksthevalley.()②Heoverlookedaspellingerroronthefirstpage.()③I’lloverlookyourmistakethistime.()④Itiseasyforustooverlookourownfaults.()俯瞰未看到不理会忽视1.generallyspeaking一般来说①(2012·安徽高考)Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth.一般来说,一个人的智力极限在刚出生时就决定了。②_________________,womenlovechildrenbetterthanmendo.一般来说,女人比男人更爱孩子。【点津】

generallyspeaking相当于ingeneral或asageneralrule,表示“一般而言；大体上”。Generallyspeaking【拓展】补全下列“adv.+speaking”的短语_______speaking严格地说_________speaking就个人而言_______speaking坦率地说________speaking诚实地说strictlypersonallyfranklyhonestly【想一想】高考中经常考查到评注性状语,动脑想一想,我们平时学了哪些词或短语作评注性状语？【参考答案】评注性状语是对整个句子进行解释和说明,表明说话人的看法和态度,通常位于句首(间或位于句中或句尾),常用逗号与句子隔开。评注性状语一般有下列几种形式：一、副词：personally,honestly,frankly,obviously,clearly,briefly,luckily,fortunately,naturally,actually等。例如：Briefly,theworkwasdonewell.简言之,这份工作干得不错。二、副词短语：whatisworse,worsestill,strangelyenough,notsurprisingly等。例如：What’sworse,helosthisparentsintheaccident.更糟的是,他在这次事故中失去了双亲。三、动词-ing短语：...speaking,judgingfrom等。注意这种-ing结构与后面句子的主语没有逻辑上的关系,因此不必变成过去分词短语。例如：Judgingfromhisclothes,hemustbefromarichfamily.从他的衣着判断,他一定来自一个富有的家庭。四、不定式短语：tobehonest,tomakethingsworse,totellthetruth,tobesure,tospeakfrankly等。例如：Tobehonest,thetwinsdon’tlookalikeatall.说实话,这对双胞胎看上去一点都不像。五、介词短语：ofcourse,from...pointofview,inshort,inbrief,inaword,toone’ssurprise,asamatteroffact,inactualfact,betweenourselves(youandme)等。例如：Asamatteroffact,theirsuggestionhasprovedpracticable.事实上,他们的建议证明是可行的。2.intermsof...就……来说；从……角度①Intermsofnaturalresources,itisoneofthepoorestcountriesinWesternEurope.从自然资源来看,它是西欧最穷的国家之一。②_________money,somearequiterich.从金钱的角度上说,有些人非常富有。ofInterms【拓展】翻译下列term短语cometotermswith_________________________________关系良好/不好___________________就长/短期而言inone’sterms___________onequalterms_______________达成协议,和好beongood/badtermsinthelong/shortterm/run在某人看来在平等的条件下3.Willthatbeofanyusetoyou?那对你有用吗？(1)介词of后面接表抽象意义的名词,如value,use,help,importance,significance等,相当于该名词相对应的形容词。该名词前面可以用表程度的词加以修饰,如little,no,great,much,some等。(2)介词of后面还可接一些表示人或物属性的名词,如size,color,height,length,age,shape,quality等,用来描述人或事物的属性,在句中作表语或后置定语。句型转换①Thebookwillbeveryvaluabletostudentsofhistory.=Thebookwillbe____________tostudentsofhistory.这本书对学历史的学生将很有用。②Thetworoomsarethesameinsize.=Thetworoomsare______________.这两个房间大小一样。③TheNobelPrizeisveryimportanttoChineseliterature.=TheNobelPrizeis_________________toChineseliterature.这项诺贝尔奖对中国的文学很重要。ofgreatvalueofthesamesizeofgreatimportance4.show...in带或领……进来①Itwasthenursewhoshowedmein.是护士把我领进来的。②Tom,pleaseshowourguestin.汤姆,请把我们的客人领进来。【拓展】

showsb.out领某人出去showsb.around/round...领某人参观……showoff炫耀showup出席,到场onshow在展出选用上面短语填空③I_______theforeigners_______ourschool.我领着外国人参观了我们的学校。④Whydidn’tyou________attheconferencelastnight?昨晚你为什么没出席会议？showedaroundshowup5.inneedof需要……①Deedsarebetterthanwordswhenpeopleareinneedofhelp.当有人需要救助的时候,行动胜于言语。②Thehungrychildrenwere_________food.这些饥饿的孩子需要食物。【点津】

inneedof表示“需要”；而inneed表示“在危难中,在困难中”。inneedof③Wearecollectingmoneyforchildren_______.我们在为贫困儿童募捐。【拓展】补全下列“in+n.+of”短语in_______of为了...表示敬意in______of负责in_____of希望in_____of代替in______of支持in______of寻找in________of为了纪念

inneedhonourchargehopeplacefavoursearchmemory6.fadeout(声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡fadeaway消失,逐渐减弱；褪色①Itwasdarkandallthesoundshad________.天黑了,所有的声音已逐渐消失了。②Theideaseemedtofadeoutandtheclubwasneverformed.这个想法似乎被淡忘了,俱乐部始终没有建立起来。③Theshapesfadedawayintothenight.那些影子消失在夜色中。fadedoutⅠ.选词并用其适当形式填空compromise,acquaintance,hesitate,classify,overlook,horrible,comfort,mistake,fade,disgust1.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskmeforhelpwithout_________.2.Let’s___________andeachpayshalfthedamages.3.Wemustthinkhowwecanmaketheroommore___________foryou.4.IfI’mnot________,that’sthemanwesawonthebus.hesitationcompromisecomfortablemistaken5.Wecan________theseafromthewindowofourroom.6.Thatwasareally________thingtosay!7.Allmy_____________votedfortheplanIcameupwithatthemeeting.8.Ourhappinessbeganto____andourheartbegantogrowheavy.9.Thebooksinthelibraryare________accordingtothesubjects.10.His_________jokesmadeeverybodypresent_________.overlookhorribleacquaintancesfadeclassifieddisgustingdisgustedcompromise,acquaintance,hesitate,classify,overlook,horrible,comfort,mistake,fade,disgustⅡ.同义句转换1.Itisimpossibletomakethegirlanupperladybecauseofherphonetics.=Itisimpossibleto________________anupperladybecauseofherphonetics.2.It’sapleasuretogettoknowyoursister.=It’sapleasureto______________________yoursister.3.Wecoulddonothingbutlookathimsurprisedly.=Wecoulddonothingbutlookathim____________________.passthegirloffasmaketheacquaintanceofinsurprise/amazement5.Theplanewithloudnoisesdisappearedgraduallyinthedistance.=Theplanewithloudnoises_________inthedistance.6.Itisnecessarytocleanthehousethoroughlybeforewemovein.=Thehouseis_________athoroughcleaningbeforewemovein.7.Astosalary,thejobisgreat,butithasitsdisadvantages.=The