高中英语人教版1Greatscientists 课时作业

课时作业(二)Unit1GreatscientistsSectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner，andwithhiswork________(finish)，hegladlyacceptedit.答案：finished2．LittleTomgot________(blame)forbreakingtheglasswhenhewasdrinking.答案：blamed3．—MrSmithisverystrict________hisstudents，isn’the?—Yes，heisstrict________hisworkaswell.答案：with；in4．Toeveryone’ssurprise，thehometeamwas________(defeat)bythreegoalstoone.答案：defeated5．TherearefourundergroundlinesinBeijingandseverallinesare________construction.答案：under6．Theyaredeterminedtomake________(contribute)topublicsafety.答案：contributions7．Therehavebeenseveral________(move)forreformoverthelastcentury.答案：movements8．His________(enthusiastic)formusichasstayedstrongthroughouthis20yearsinradio.答案：enthusiasm9．She’svery________(create)—shewritespoetryandpaints.答案：creative10．Veryfewofthoseinterviewedspoke________(positive)abouttheirchildhood.答案：positivelyⅡ.完成句子1．We________________________oursmallmistakemayleadtoaseriousaccident.对于工作，我们怎么谨慎都不过分。任何小的失误都可能导致严重的事故。答案：cannotbetoocautiousabout2．Toimprovegradescores，teachers________________________thestudents.为了提高学习成绩，老师必须严格要求学生。答案：mustbestrictwith3．________________________，theyreachedthetopofMountainTai.他们到达泰山之巅，虽然疲劳但是兴奋。答案：Tiredbutexcited4．Thecompany________________________theHopeProjectsincelastyear.这家公司自从去年以来给希望工程捐了很多钱。答案：hascontributedalotofmoneyto5．ItwasthelanguagethathelpedshapethewayIsawthings，expressedideas，and________________________.正是这种语言影响了我看待事物、表达观点和了解世界的方式。答案：madesenseoftheworld6．Ittookmorethanbuildingtookbrains，too.建造这些房屋不仅需要建筑材料，也需要大脑。答案：toconstructthesehouses7．With________________________theportrait，hismotherwasdeepinthought.凝视着画像，他的妈妈陷入沉思。答案：hereyesfixedon8．Onlywhenheseesthepainting________________________whetherthepaintingisworthbuying.只有当他看了这幅画后，才决定是否值得买这画。答案：canhedecideⅢ.阅读理解Onesummernightin1900，areporterappearedatthedoorofThomasEdison’slaboratoryaskingforannightguardwouldn’tadmithim，eventhoughEdisonwasstillatworkreporter，RemsenCrawford，saidheneededtogetEdison’sreactiontothenewsthatsevenofhisinventions“wouldbecomeavailabletothepublic”whentheirpatents(专利)ranoutatmidnight.TheguardpassedontherequesttoEdison，whoreplied：“GothatfellowthatIsayMrEdisonhasneverusedhisinventionsaloneandneverexpectstointhistheendingofapatenthasnoeffectuponthewealthofaninventor.”HearingEdison’sresponse，Crawfordwroteanothernote：“Whatdoyoumeanby‘neverusedalone’？Mustseeyou.”FinallythegreatinventoradmittedCrawfordandgavehimthisstatement：“Inthiscountryaninventorcan’tstoppeoplecopyinghismomentheinventssomething，there’llbepiratesrisinguponallsidesandcallingittheirown.”Thirtyyearslater，CrawfordwasbackatEdison’slaboratory，againaskingaboutpatentsandthemoneyhegotfromaskedhim，“Youhaveinventedmanythings，includingtheelectricaren’tyoutherichestmanintheworldtoday？”Edison’sreply：“Nearly$10,000,000,000，theytellme，isinvestedinmodernindustrieswhichdevelopedfromideasincludedinmyinventionsandmybillionorsodollarsmaybetheannualtotalincometoworkersinfieldsconnectedwithmyinventionsandI’vemadeverylittleprofitfrommymylifetimeI’vetakenout1180patentssopatentshavecostmemorethanthey’vereturned’vemademoneythroughtheintroductionandsaleofmyproductsasamaker，notasaninventor.”Edisonwasoneofthefewfortunateinventorswhoknewthatgreatengineering，onitsown，earnedsuccessofanytechnologyliesinitsbusinessmodelandtheprotectionofits，Edisonsaid，theUShada“poorsystem”forprotectinginventions.语篇解读本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了关于爱迪生的鲜为人知的故事。为什么这位伟大的发明家一生发明无数，却没有因此而成为世界上最富裕的人？1．AccordingtoParagraph1，CrawfordvisitedEdisonto________.A．informhimofthenewsB．seehowhardEdisonworkedC．knowwhatEdisonwasinventingD．findoutEdison’sresponsetothenews解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的RemsenCrawford，saidheneededtogetEdison’sreactiontothenews...可知，他深夜拜访爱迪生是想了解爱迪生对于自己的七项发明专利权到期的反应，故选D项。答案：D2．WhatwasEdison’sattitudetowardtheendingofhispatents?A．Happy. B．Annoyed.C．Indifferent. D．Worried.解析：推理判断题。从第二段的hasneverusedhisinventionsalone以及theendingofapatenthasnoeffectuponthewealthofaninventor可知，这个消息对于爱迪生来说无关紧要。答案：C3．ItisimpliedinthetextthatinEdison’stime________.A．AmericahadnopatentprotectionlawsB．hisinventionswerenothighlyvaluedC．patentsbenefitedinventorslittleD．applyingforpatentswascostly解析：推理判断题。由第四段中Themomentheinventssomething，there’llbepiratesrisinguponallsidesandcallingittheirown以及最后一段中的theUShada“poorsystem”forprotectinginventions可知C项正确。答案：C4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．EdisonandhispatentsB．Edison，thegreatestinventorC．ThepatentsysteminAmericaD．Edison’swayofmakingmoney解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了爱迪生鲜为人知的故事，即他的一千多个专利为什么没有让他成为世界上最富有的人，因此A项很好地概括了文章内容。答案：ALewisHowardLatimerwasanAfrican­AmericanscientistwhomademanyimportantscientificwasborninChelsea，Massachusetts，in1848，toparentswhowereescapedtheageof15，hejoinedtheUnionnavyduringtheCivilWar.Afterhismilitaryservicein1865，Latimerwasemployedasanofficeboyatthepatentattorneyoffice(专利代理事务所)ofCrosbyandGouldinBoston，wherehelearnedmechanical1876，LatimerwashiredbyAlexanderGrahamBelltocreatethedrawingsnecessaryforapatentapplicationforBell’snewinvention，thecompletedthesedrawingsandrushedthemtothepatentoffice，wheretheyarrivedonlyafewhoursbeforethedrawingsofa，Bellsecuredthepatentforthetelephone.WhileworkingfortheUSElectricLightingCompany，Latimerandhisemployerslookedforawaytoimproveupontheincandescentlightbulb(白炽灯)thatwasbeingmarketedbyThomas’slightbulbslastedonlyafewinventingacardboardenvelopethatsurroundedthecarbonfilament(碳质灯丝)inthelightbulb，Latimerwasabletomakelightbulbslongerlastingandlessaresult，manycitiessawelectricallightingasabetterandcleanerwaytolighttheirstreetsandlikeNewYork，London，Montreal，andPhiladelphiasetupthiskindoflighting，andLatimerwassentouttoplanandbuildthelightingsystems.In1890，LatimerwashiredbyThomasEdisonattheEdisonElectricLighthemademoreimportantdiscoveriesandwroteawell­knownwastheonlyAfrican­AmericanmemberoftheEdisonPioneers，agroupofmenwhopracticallycreatedtheelectricinventedabathroomcompartment(车厢)fortrains，alockingrack(行李架)forhats，coatsandumbrellas，andanewimprovedbookholderfordiedin1928.语篇解读本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了美国著名非洲裔发明家拉蒂默。5．AccordingtoParagraph2，Latimer________.A．helpedBelldesignthetelephoneB．madecertainBellsecuredhispatentC．wastherealinventorofthetelephoneD．hadworkedforBell’scompetitor解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，拉蒂默及时为贝尔的电话完成了制图，从而确保贝尔申请到了电话的发明专利。答案：B6．WeknowfromParagraph3thatLatimer________.A．madelightbulbsmuchsaferB．inventednewstreetlampsC．helpedEdisonwithhisinventionsD．improvedonEdison’slightbulbs解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Latimer...toimproveupontheincandescentlightbulbthatwasbeingmarketedbyThomasEdison可知，拉蒂默改进了爱迪生的电灯。答案：D7．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Latimer’simportantachievementsinscience.B．HowLatimerbecameamemberofEdisonPioneers.C．ThewideinfluenceofThomasEdison.D．HowEdisonhelpedLatimerwithhiswork.解析：段落大意题。作者在最后一段主要介绍了拉蒂默的科技成就，A项符合该大意。答案：A8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutLatimer?A．Hehadservedformilitaryforfiveyears.B．Heinventedumbrellasandbookshelves.C．Hisparentshadbeenslaves.D．Hediedatthe