高中英语人教版Unit2Cloning unit2cloning

Unit2Cloning【导语】1997年克隆羊多莉的诞生，就已为克隆人做好了技术上的准备。也使关于克隆人的争论变得更加现实。Humancloningisthecreationofageneticallyidenticalcopyofanexistingorpreviouslyexistingseveralhighlypublicclaims，humancloningstillappearstobeaisnosolidscientificevidencethatanyonehasclonedhumanembryosatpresent.In2023，agroupinSouthKoreapublishedapaperinthejournalScienceinwhichitclaimedtohavecreatedaclonedhumanembryoinatest，anindependentscientificinstitutelaterfoundnoprooftosupporttheclaimand，inJanuary2023，Scienceannouncedthatthepaperhadbeenwithdrawn.InJanuary2023，DrSamuelWoodandDrAndrewFrenchinCaliforniaannouncedthattheysuccessfullycreatedthefirst5fullygrownhumanembryosusingDNAfromadultskincells，aimingtoprovideasourceofviableembryonicstemDrWoodstatedthatifthatwerepossible，usingthetechnologyforreproductivecloningwouldbebothimmoraland5clonedembryosweredestroyed.Thevariousformsofhumancloningarescientific，governmentalandreligiousorganizationsopposereproductive，somepeoplehaveconsideredtheideaofgrowingorgansseparatelyfromahumanorganism—indoingthis，aneworgansupplycouldbeestablishedwithoutthemoralproblemofharvestingthemfromhumans.【词海拾贝】1．geneticallyadv.从遗传学角度，从基因角度2．viableadj.切实可行的，有望实现的3．reproductiveadj.生殖的，再生产的【问题思考】1．Whatishumancloning?_______________________________________________________答案：HumanCloningisthecreationofageneticallyidenticalcopyofanexistingorpreviouslyexistinghuman.2．Whatismostpeople'sattitudetohumancloning?_______________________________________________________答案：Theyopposereproductivecloning.Ⅰ.为单词选择正确的释义1．commercial A．装饰2．undertake B．最初的，开始的3．breakthrough C．假定；设想4．procedure D．媒介；手段；工具5．altogether E．程序；步骤；手续6．medium F．规则；规章；法规7．assumption G．商业的；贸易的8．regulation H．着手；从事；承担9．initial I．缺点；不利条件10．drawback J．总共；完全地11．decoration K．突破答案：1－G2－H3－K4－E5－J6－D7－C8－F9－B10－I11－AⅡ.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1．____________n．双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj.成对的；成双的2．____________vt.扔；投；掷3．____________vt.获得；赢得4．____________vt.获得；到达(水平，年龄，状况等)5．____________adj.道德(上)的；伦理的6．____________vt.欠(账，钱，人情等)；归功于……7．____________vi.退休；离开8．____________vt.打扰vi.操心n．烦扰9．____________n．羽毛10．____________adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的答案：6．owe10．reasonableⅢ.根据英语释义写出单词1．________：outspoken2．________：correctineverydetail3．________：achangethatmakessthmoreaccuratethanitwasbefore4．________：bedifferent5．________：beagainst6．________：collectorgatheroveraperiodoftime7．________：hitsomeoneorsomething8．________：havingtoomuchpride9．________：beagainstsomeone10．________：only11．________：notabletodosomething12．________：admireverymuch答案：5．object10．merelyⅣ.选用正确短语的适当形式完成句子differfrom；payoff；castdown；objectto；infavourof；tobeexact；oone'sheart(s)；fromtimetotime；beboundto；bring...backtolife；invain；ingoodcondition1．Don'tloseeffortswill________soonerorlater.答案：payoff2．Robertsattherealone，looking________．Whathadhappenedtohim?答案：castdown3．Areyou________Tony'ssuggestionthatweshouldworkaroundtheclocktomeetthedeadline?答案：infavourof4．Hisparents________hisgoingtotheUSAforfurtherstudy，becausetheythoughthewastooyoung.答案：objectedto5．Hewillsetoffthedayaftertomorrow，________，onMay26，Tuesday.答案：tobeexact6．Myopinionabouttheproblem________thinkthingswillgetbetterifwetryourbest.答案：differsfrom7．Ourteacher________theimportanceofsafety________，sowewereallcarefulwhencrossingthestreet.答案：oourhearts8．Thoughthebuildingwasbuiltinthe1980s，itisstill________________．答案：ingoodcondition9．Theoldkind－heartedmandonatedmoneytocharities________________thoughhedidn'thavemuchmoney.答案：fromtimetotime10．Toourgreatdelight，thebadlyinjuredboywas________bytheexperienceddoctors.答案：broughtbacktolife11．Iamafraidyoureffortsare________；hewouldn'tlistentoothers.答案：invain12．Thereappearedaweather________getbetter.答案：wasboundto课文表层理解Ⅰ.判断正(T)误(F)1．Aclonedanimalusuallydiesearlierthantheoriginalone.(T)2．Clonedpeoplecouldliveforever.(F)3．Cloningissomethingthathasbeendevelopedquiterecently.(F)4．Thelambisthecloneofthecellfromsheepbecauseitprovidesthenucleus.(T)5．Thereweremanyargumentsaboutanimalcloningandconcernsaboutthefutureofcloning.(T)Ⅱ.读课文回答问题1．Whatarethetwomajorusesofcloning?_______________________________________________________答案：Thefirstuseistoproducecommercialquantitiesofsecondistoresearchonnewplantspeciesanddomedicalresearchonanimals.2．Whyisiteasiertomakecommercialplantclonesthananimalclones?_______________________________________________________答案：Cloningplantsisstraightforward，butthecloningofanimalsisverycomplicated.3．Whatwasthefirstclonefromanadultanimal？Atwhatagedidthisclonedie?_______________________________________________________答案：ThefirstclonefromanadultanimalwasDolly，thediedin2023attheageof6andahalf.4．Whyiscloningcontroversialinsomecountries?_______________________________________________________答案：Itisformoralandreligiousreasons.Ⅲ.读课文完成表格DivisionMainideaDetailedfactsPara1Thedefinitionofcloning★Cloningisawayofmakingancopyofanotheranimalorplant.Para2TwomajorusesofcloningandtheprocedureofcloningDolly，thesheep★Firstly，gardenersuseittoproducequantitiesof，itisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.★Cloningplantsiswhilecloninganimalsisanimalsisadifficulttaskto．Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistsin1996witha．Para3ThebirthanddeathofDolly★CloningscientistsweretofindthatDolly'sillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderDollylivedsixandahalfyears.Para4TheimpactofDolly★Dolly'sappearanceraisedastormofandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicbecamecontroversial.Para5ControversybroughtbyDolly★Somegovernmentsbegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandresearchintohumancloning，butothercountriescontinuedtoevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.答案：4．undertakeoffdown课文深层理解Ⅰ.主旨匹配Para1Para2B．ThedefinitionofcloningPara3C．People'sreactiontocloningPara4D．TheproblemsofDollyPara5E．TheeffectofDolly答案：Para1－BPara2－APara3－DPara4－EPara5－CⅡ.单项选择1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcloningisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A．Cloningissomethingthathasbeendevelopedquiterecently.B．Twinsthatlookexactlythesameareoriginallyfromthesameegg.C．Cloningisusedbygardenerstomakemoremoney.D．Animalcloningismuchmoredifficultthanplantcloning.答案：A2．ThecloningofDolly，thesheepsucceededbecause________．A．it'seasiertocloneasheepthanotheranimalsB．thescientistsweredeterminedandworkedhardwithpatienceC．thescientistswererewardedandgotlotsofmoneyD．manyotherattemptstoclonemammalsfailed答案：B3．ThelambisthecloneofthecellfromsheepBbecause________．A．itprovidestheeggcellB．itgivesbirthtothelambC．itprovidesthenucleusD．itisafemalesheep答案：C4.Wecaninferfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat________．A．thenormaldevelopmentofDollyhadnoeffectonthecloningofotherspeciesB．Dolly'sseriousdiseaseandfinaldeathdisturbedthewholeworldC．DollysuccessfullyclonedanewlambwiththehelpofcloningscientistsD．therewereargumentsaboutanimalcloningandconcernsaboutthefutureofcloning答案：D5．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardscloninginthispassage?A．Objective. B．Negative.C．Positive. D．Unclear.答案：AⅢ.感悟下列句子所用句型并尝试译成汉语1．Itisadifficulttaskto_undertake．_______________________________________________________答案：它是一项很难完成的任务。2．Cloningplantsisstraightforwardwhilecloninganimalsisverycomplicated._______________________________________________________答案：克隆植物简单，但克隆动物非常复杂。3．Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningresearcharedifficulttoobtain，newspaperswroteofevilleadershopingtoclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得，报纸报道却说，有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。4．Then_camethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill._______________________________________________________答案：接着传来多莉病重的坏消息。如何写议论文1.在文章的开头提出有争议的观点(一般提出两个相对的观点然后客观地对其进行评析)。2．接下来可用一个或两个段落分别展开论述。在每段中，均可用主题句来点明论点，并对这些论点进行比较和对比、分析和评论。3．文章结尾对所论述观点进行客观、合理的评论，提出自己的看法、建议，表示自己对某一现象或论点的赞成或反对，阐明立场；或者也可以将不同观点相互融合，选其可取之处，形成自己独到的观点。【典型句式】1．Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto...Somepeoplesuggestthat...2．People'sopinionsabout...varyfrompersontopeoplesaythat...3．Everythinghastwosidesand...isnotanexception；ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.4．Onthecontrary，therearesomepeopleinfavourof...Atthesametime，theysay...5．Thereareseveralmeasuresforusto...6．Facedwith...weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasuresto...Foronething...foranother...7．AsfarasIamconcerned，Iagreewiththelatteropiniontosomethinkthat...8．Comparingthiswiththat，however，Ipreferto...9．Formypart，Ithinkitreasonableto...Onlyinthiswaycanyou...10．Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove，wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthat...人们完成工作的方式通常有两种：独立完成和合作完成，两种方式各有特点。请你以“WorkingIndividuallyorWorkinginaTeam”为题，按照以下要点写一篇英语短文。1．独立完成：自行安排，自己解决问题。2．合作完成：一起讨论、相互学习。3．我喜欢的方式和理由。注意：词数100左右。【写作要点】1．提出完成工作有两种方式。2．分别叙述独立完成工作和合作完成工作这两种方式。3．写出自己喜欢的方式和理由。【范文点评】范文点评Workingindividuallyorworkinginateam①There_are_basically_twoways_togetworkdone．②One_is_to_workindividually．Inthisway，peoplecandecideforthemselveswhentostartworkandhowtodoit.③What's_more，theywillbeabletolearnhowtosolveproblemsontheirown.④People_may_also_choose_to_workin_ateam，wheretheycanlearnfromeachotherandhelpeachother.⑤Besides，theymayworkoutbetterwaystogetworkdonebydiscussion.⑥Personally，theonehand，itoffersmeachancetolearnhowtogetalongwithothersandtosharemyexperiencewiththeotherhand，astheworkcanbedividedamongseveralpeople，itcanbedone，teamworkisalwaysimportant.本文针对人们对独立完成工作和合作完成工作这两种方式的看法，分别给出两方的理由，并写出自己喜欢的方式及理由。文章层次清楚，用词准确，过渡自然。①提出话题，引出下文。②一方观点，后文紧接理由。③What'smore用得恰当，自然。④提出另一方观点。⑤Besides用得准确，且避免了用词重复。⑥提出自己的观点

假如你是李明，你班同学最近参加了某报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：要不要克隆人类。请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社编辑投稿，客观介绍讨论的情况。40%的学生的观点30%的学生的观点1.克隆人非常有意义。2.能使世界变得更加有趣，给人们带来更多的欢乐。3.可以克隆一些著名科学家，让他们为人类做更多的事情1.不能克隆人类。2.每个人都是很特别的，被克隆的人只不过是复制品罢了。3.克隆人可能被坏人利用你的观点：1.现在还很难说克隆人类是对还是不对。2.也许我们只得等待注意：1．信的开头和结尾已为你写好。2．词数100左右。Deareditor，RecentlywehavehadadiscussiononwhetherweshouldcloneYourssincerely，LiMing答案：Dear_editor，percentofthestudentsthinkcloninghumansverycanmaketheworldmoreinterestingandgivepeoplemorecanclonesomefamousscientistsandletthemdomorethingsforhumans.30percentofthestudentsthinkwecan'tcloneofusisspecial，butaclonedpersonisonlya'sworse，clonedpeoplemaybeusedbysomebadpersons.AsfarasIamconcerned，itisdifficultrightnowtosaywhethercloninghumansisrightorwewilljusthavetowaitandsee.Yours_sincerely，Li_MingⅠ.单句语法填空在句中空白处填上适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Theeatinghabitsinthenorthdifferverymuch________thoseinthesouth.答案：from2．Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees，buttheydiffergreatly________allsizesandshapes.答案：in3．Iknow________(exact)howshefelt.答案：exactly4．Heundertook________(buy)meacar.答案：tobuy5．Themenwerepaid________onthelastdaybeforetheholiday.答案：off6．Herparentspaid________hertogotoCanada.答案：for7．Don'tbesocast________．Justkeepyourspiritsup.答案：down8．Themainobjection________theplanwasthatitwouldcosttoomuch.答案：to9．Manylocalpeopleobject________thebuildingofthenewairport.答案：to10．Thestandardiseasily________(attain)bymoststudents.答案：attainable11．Mybrotherwasforbidden________(play)theonlinegamesbymyparents，sohewassadandangry.答案：toplay12．Studentsareforbidden________referringtotheirnotesintheexamination.答案：from13．Thetourisminthisplacewillhaveanimpact________thelocalenvironment.答案：on14．Someexpertsatthemeetingwere________favourofthisproject.答案：in15．Myideais________youshouldapologizetoyourteacher.答案：that16．Thequestionis________weshouldaskthemforhelpornot.答案：whether17．Itoldhissecretto's________hegotangrywithme.答案：why18．Iamfondofpopmusic________myparentslikeclassicalmusic.答案：whileⅡ.完成句子1．Theirlanguagesandcustoms______________________(彼此不同)astheyarefromdifferentcountries.答案：differfromeachother2．______________________________(尽管他谈了半个小时)，Istillcan'tunderstandhowonearthhisremarksrelatetowhatwearediscussingnow.答案：Although/Though/Whilehehastalkedforhalfanhour3．______________________/________________________(我突然想到)nobodywasinfavourofthechange.答案：Itstruckmethat/Itoccurredtomethat4．Theythinkitimportant____________________________(他们为无家可归的人提供地方)tostay.答案：forthemtoprovideplacesforhomelesspeople5．Onlythroughstudy________________________(才能获得知识)．答案：canknowledgebeobtained6．________________________________(有这么多美食要品尝)，youcanenjoyyourselfintheFoodFestival.答案：Withsomuchdeliciousfoodtotaste7．________________________________(大火被扑灭后不久)，thedepartmentstoreopenedforbusinessagain.答案：ShortlyafterthebigfirewasputoutⅢ.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Theboymadeit!OneSunday，Nicholas，ateenager，wentskiingatSugarloafMountainintheearlyafternoon，whenhewasplanningtogohome，afiercesnowstormsweptintothetoseefar，heaccidentallyturnedofftheheknewit，Nicholaswaslost，allalone!Hedidn'thavefood，water，aphone，orotherwasgettingcolderbytheminute.Nicholashadnoideawherehetriednottothoughtaboutallofthesurvivalshowshehadwatchedonwastimetoputthetipshehadlearnedtouse.Hedecidedtostopwasabetterchanceofsomeonefindinghimifhestayedfirstthinghedidwastofindshelterfromthefreezingwindandhedidn't，hisbodytemperaturewouldgetverylow，whichcouldquicklykillhim.Usinghisskis，Nicholasbuiltasnowgatheredahugemassofsnowanddugoutaholeinthehepiledbranchesontopofhimself，likeablanket，tostayaswarmashecould.Bythatevening，Nicholaswasreallyatesnowanddrankwaterfromanearbystreamsothathisbodywouldn'tlosetoomuchknowinghowmuchlongerhecouldlast，Nicholasdidtheonlythinghecould—hehuddled(蜷缩)inhiscaveandslept.Thenextday，Nicholaswentouttolookforhelp，buthecouldn'tfindfollowedhistracksandreturnedtothesnowcave，becausewithoutshelter，hecoulddiethatTuesday，Nicholaswentoutagaintofindhadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteersearcherfoundtwodaysstuckinthesnow，Nicholaswassaved.NicholasmightnothavesurvivedthissnowstormhaditnotbeenforhadoftenwatchedGrylls'survivalshowMan'swherehelearnedthetipsthatsavedhiseachepisode(一期节目)ofMan，Gryllsisabandonedinawildareaandhastofindhiswayout.WhenGryllsheardaboutNicholas'amazingdeeds，hewassuperimpressedthatNicholashadmadeitsinceheknewbetterthananyonehowhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了尼古拉斯在一次滑雪时迷路，利用自己在电视里学到的求生技能成功获救的故事。1．WhathappenedtoNicholasoneSundayafternoon?A．Hegotlost. B．Hebrokehisskis.C．Hehurthiseyes. D．Hecaughtacold.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第四句话“Beforeheknewit，Nicholaswaslost，allalone！”可知，一个周日的下午尼古拉斯迷路了，故答案为A项。答案：A2．HowdidNicholaskeephimselfwarm?A．Hefoundashelter.B．Helightedsomebranches.C．Hekeptonskiing.D．Hebuiltasnowcave.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，尼古拉斯挖了一个雪洞来保暖，故答案为D项。答案：D3.OnTuesday，Nicholas________．A．returnedtohissheltersafelyB．wassavedbyasearcherC．gotstuckinthesnowD．stayedwherehewas解析：细节理解题。根据第六段第四句话“Hehadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteersearcherfoundhim.”可知，是一个搜寻者救了尼古拉斯，故答案为B项。答案：B4．NicholasleftGryllsaverydeepimpressionbecausehe_____．A．didtherightthingsinthedangeroussituationB．watchedGrylls'TVprogrammeregularlyC．createdsometipsforsurvivalD．wasveryhard－working解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，尤其是“howhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive”可知应选A。答案：AⅣ.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TVisnotonlyaconvenientandcheapserviceofentertainment，butalsoasplendidmassmediumofonlyhavetopayoncetobuytheTVset，thentheycansitathomeenjoyingtheitemsonTVkeepsuswellinformedaboutthecurrenteventsathomeandabroadandthelatestdevelopmentinscienceandmostdistantcountriesandthestrangestcustomsarebroughtrightintoourTVeverythingismuchmorelivingandmuchmoreSomepeopleevensaythatlifewithouttelevisionisnotworthliving.__3__TheythinktheTVviewersneeddoviewerdoesnotevenhavetousehislegsifhehasaremotepeoplearegluedtoseatstolookatthemovementsonAsaresult，TVistakinguptoomuchofaperson'slifeandmakinghimlazy，nottomentionitsharmfulinfluenceuponhim，suchastheitemsofviolenceandpornographyontelevisioninsomecountries.Onthewhole，therearemoreadvantagesthandisadvantagesintheuseofButwemustrealizethattelevisioninitselfisneithergoodnorvaluetopeopleandsocietydependsonhowwelookatit.A．AlargenumberofTVsetsareproducedeveryyear.B．Alltheyhavetodoistopushabuttonorturnaknob，andtheycanseeplays，films，operasandshowsofeverykind.C．SomepeopleargueagainstTV.D．YetdifferentpeoplemayhavedifferentattitudestowardTV.E．Theybecomesodependentonitspicturesthatitbeginstocontroltheirlives.F．Asamatteroffact，ithasbecomesomuchapartofhumanlifethatamodernworldwithouttelevisionisunimaginable.G．Mostpeoplearecouchpotatoes.答案：Ⅴ.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AwelcomegiftDarioandhismotherlovedtheirnewlivingroomwaslargeenoughfortheirnight，thetwoofthem__1__sidebysideattheplayedjazzmusictocelebratetheirnewloud__2__filledtheroomandmadethemfeelveryhappy.Thenextmorning，__3__，theirhappinesshadlefta__4__undertheirdoorduringtheoftheirneighbourshadwrittentocomplain(抱怨)aboutthesoundofthe'smotheraskedthebuildingsuperintendent(管理员)ifheknewanythingabouthesaidthattheywereall__5__peopleandhecouldn'timagineanyofthemhaddonethatmorning，Dariosuggestedthattheywritealettertotheir__6__andapologizefortheirplaying.“Maybewecouldgoand__7__everyoneinperson，”hismothersaid.“Whatifweinvitedthemtocomeherefora__8__instead？”Darioasked.Theybothlovedthe__9__．Overthenextfewdays，theysentoutinvitationsandprepareddesserts__10__theirdecoratedtheapartmentwithstreamers(彩带)andpartylights.Finally，thedayoftheparty__11__．Someguestsbroughtbroughtevenbroughtdessertsto__12__．Onewoman，MrsGilbert，__13__Dario'smotherwithabookofpianomusicbyChopin.“Iheardyouplayingtheothernight，”shesaid.“Thesoundswokemeoutof__14__thatyoumightplaylikethiseveryIwroteashorthopeyoudon'tthinkIdislikedtheplaying.”Dario'smothersmiledatMrsGilbert.“Ithinkmaybewe__15__youanapology，”shesaid.“Ididn't__16__howlateitwaswhenwewereweshouldplaysomequietermusicatnight.”“Youplay，youplay！”MrsGilbertsaid.“Ilikewhatyouplay!Justnotsoloudatnight.”Shepointedtothebookshehadgiventhem.“Thesesongsarenotsuch__17__music.”“Thesesongsarebeautifulmusic，”Dario'smothersaid.“Wewillbe__18__toplaythemintheevening.”“Andwewon'tplay