东北特钢英语考试08

PAGEPAGE11东北特钢英语考试（2008年）姓名部门专业成绩2008年东北特钢集团技术考核英语Part=1\*ROMANI 词汇与结构 (30分)Directions: 此部分有30个不完整的句子。每一个句子有四种选择，分别标以A),B),C)andD).选择一个最适合相关句子的答案，然后将选择的答案字母标在空白处。1 Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_____C___andperfectednow. A)developed B)havedeveloped C)arebeingdeveloped D)willhavebeendeveloped2 Thisticket___C_____youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant. A)gives B)grants C)entitles D)credits3 You____D_____herinherofficelastFriday;she’sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks. A)needn’thaveseen B)musthaveseen C)mighthaveseen D)can’thaveseen4 ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebut__D_____thepolice. A)calledin B)callingin C)callin D)tocallin5 Shewasso____B___inherjobthatshedidn’thearanybodyknockingatthedoor. A)attracted B)absorbed C)drawn D)concentrated6 ____B_____asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention. A)Beingpublished B)Published C)Publishing D)Tobepublished7 Atfirst,thespeakerwasreferringtotheproblemofpollutioninthecountry,buthalfwayinherspeech,shesuddenly___B_____toanothersubject. A)committed B)switched C)favoured D)transmitted8 Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios___C___after11o’clockatnight. A)werenotplayed B)nottoplay C)notbeplayed D)didnotplay9 AlthoughIliketheappearanceofthehouse,whatreallymademedecidetobuyitwasthebeautiful_____D________throughthewindow. A)vision B)look C)picture D)view10 Cancerissecondonly____B____heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath. A)of B)to C)with D)from11 Theroomisinaterriblemess;it___A_____cleaned. A)can’thavebeen B)shouldn’thavebeen C)mustn’thavebeen D)wouldn’thavebeen12 Awell-writtencomposition_____B_____goodchoiceofwordsandclearorganizationamongotherthings. A)callson B)callsfor C)callsup D)callsoff13 Thetraditionalapproach___A______withcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems. A)todealing B)indealing C)dealing D)todeal14 Ithasbeenrevealedthatsomegovernmentleaders____C_____theirauthorityandpositiontogetillegalprofitsforthemselves. A)employ B)take C)abuse D)overlook15 Wewerestruckbytheextent_____A______whichteachers’decisionsservedtheinterestsoftheschoolratherthanthoseofthestudents. A)to B)for C)in D)with16 Shellyhadpreparedcefullyforherbiologyexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst_____B_______. A)intention B)attempt C)purpose D)desire17 TheancientEgyptiansaresupposed___C_____rocketstothemoon. A)tosend B)tobesending C)tohavesent D)tohavebeensending18 Thestorehadto___B________anumberofclerksbecausesalesweredown. A)layout B)layoff C)layaside D)laydown19 AllthestudentsinthisclasspassedtheEnglishexam____D____theexceptionofLiMing. A)on B)in C)for D)with20 Youngadults___D____olderpeoplearemorelikelytopreferpopsongs. A)otherthan B)morethan C)lessthan D)ratherthan21 Pleasebecarefulwhenyouaredrinkingcoffeeincaseyou____D______thenewcarpet. A)crash B)pollute C)spot D)stain22 I’dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsseem_____B___allthetime. A)togetworse B)tobegettingworse C)tohavegotworse D)gettingworse23 Conveniencefoodswhicharealreadypreparedforcookingare__D______ingrocerystores. A)ready B)approachable C)probable D)available24 WhenIcaughthim____A____meIstoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop. A)cheating B)cheat C)tocheat D)tobecheating25 Itisvitalthatenoughmoney____A_____tofundtheproject. A)becollected B)mustbecollected C)iscollected D)canbecollected26 Someoldpeopledon’tlikepopsongsbecausetheycan’t____C___somuchnoise. A)resist B)sustain C)tolerate D)undergo27 Ifonlythecommittee_____D___theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible. A)approve B)willapprove C)canapprove D)wouldapprove28 ___C__onetime,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld. A)On B)By C)At D)Of29 ____A______itornot,hisdiscoveryhascreatedastirinscientificcircles. A)Believe B)Tobelieve C)Believing D)Believed30 Mr.Morgancanbeverysad____C______,thoughinpublicheisextremelycheerful. A)byhimself B)inperson C)inprivate D)asindividualPartII 阅读理解 (20分)Direction: 本部分有四段短文。每段后面有提问或没有完成的说明，对应的答案有四种选择，分别为A),B)C)andD).请你选择最好的答案并将答案字母填到相应的空白处。.PassageoneQuestions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Agoodmodernnewspaperisanextraordinarypieceofreading.Itisremarkablefirstforwhatitcontains:therangeofnewsfromlocalcrimetointernationalpolitics,fromsporttobusinesstofashiontoscience,andtherangeofcommentandspecialfeatures（特写）aswell,fromeditorialpagetofeaturearticlesandinterviewstocriticismofbooks,art,theatreandmusic.Anewspaperisevenmoreremarkableforthewayonereadsit:nevercompletely,neverstraightthrough,butalwaysbyjumpingfromheretothere,inandnotglancingatonepiece,readinganotherarticleallthewaythrough,readingjustafewparagraphsofthenext.Agoodmodernnewspaperoffersavarietytoattractmanydifferentreaders,butfarmorethannayonereaderisinterestedin.Whatbringsthisvarietytogetherinoneplaceisitstopicality（时事性）,itsimmediaterelationtowhatishappeninginyourworldandyourlocalitynow.Butimmediacyandthespeedofproductionthatgoeswithitmeanalsothatmuchofwhatappearsinanewspaperhasnomorethantransient（短暂的）value.Forallthesereasons,notwopeoplereallyreadthesamepaper:whateachpersondoesistoputtogetheroutofthepagesofthatday’spaper,hisownselectionandsequence,hisownnewspaper.Forallthesereasons,readingnewspapersefficiently,whichmeansgettingwhatyouwantfromthemwithoutmissingthingsyouneedbutwithoutwastingtime,demandsskillandself-awarenessasyoumodifyandapplythetechniquesofreading.1. Amodernnewspaperisremarkableforallthefollowingexceptits____B_____. A)widecoverage B)uniformstyle C)speedinreportingnews D)popularity2. Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhynotwopeoplereallyreadthe“same”newspaperisthat____C____. A)peoplescanforthenewstheyareinterestedin B)differentpeoplepreferdifferentnewspapers C)peoplearerarelyinterestedinthesamekindofnews D)peoplehavedifferentviewsaboutwhatagoodnewspaperis3. Itcanbeconcludefromthepassagethatnewspaperreaders___D_____. A)applyreadingtechniquesskillfully B)jumpfromonenewspapertoanother C)appreciatethevarietyofanewspaper D)usuallyreadanewspaperselectively4. Agoodnewspaperoffers“avariety”toreadersbecause___A______. A)ittriestoservedifferentreaders B)ithastocoverthingsthathappeninacertainlocality C)readersaredifficulttoplease D)readersliketoreaddifferentnewspapers5. Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe“_____B_____”. A)TheImportanceofNewspaperTopicality B)TheCharacteristicsofaGoodNewspaper C)TheVarietyofaGoodNewspaper D)SomeSuggestionsonHowtoReadaNewspaperPassageTwoQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputerswork,justasweexpectthematleasttounderstandthattheinternal-combustionengine（内燃机）hassomethingtodowithburningfuel,expandinggasesandpistons（活塞）beingdriven.Forpeopleshouldhavesomebasicideaofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo.Further,studentsmightbehelpedbyacoursethatconsidersthecomputer’simpactonsociety.Butthatisnotwhatismeantbycomputerliteracy.Forcomputerliteracyisnotaformofliteracy（读写能力）;itisatradeskillthatshouldnotbetaughtasaliberalart. Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinctactivities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfreethemselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers.Butthisisquitedifferentfromsayingthatalloughttoknowhowtoprogramone.Leavethattopeoplewhohavechosenprogrammingasacareer.Whileprogrammingcanbelotsoffun,andwhileoursocietyneedssomepeoplewhoareexpertsatit,thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin-making. Learninghowtouseacomputerisnotthatdifficult,anditgetseasierallthetimeasprogramsbecomemore“user-friendly”.Letusassumethatinthefutureeveryoneisgoingtohavetoknowhowtouseacomputertobeacompetentcitizen.Whatdoesthephrase“learningtouseacomputer”mean?Itsoundslike“learningtodriveacar”,thatis,itsoundsasifthereissomesetofdefiniteskillsthat,onceacquired,enableonetouseacomputer. Infact,“learningtouseacomputer”ismuchmorelike“learningtoplayagame”,butlearningtherulesofonegamemaynothelpyouplayasecondgame,whoserulesmaynotbethesame.Thereisnosuchathingasteachingsomeonehowtouseacomputer.Onecanonlyteachpeopletousethisorthatprogramandgenerallythatiseasilyaccomplished.6. Tobethecompetentcitizensoftomorrow,peopleshould___C_____. A)trytolayasolidfoundationincomputerscience B)beawareofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo C)learntouseacomputerbyacquiringacertainsetofskills D)understandthatprogrammingacomputerismoreessentialthanrepairingacar.7. Inthesecondparagraph“violin-making”ismentionedtoshowthat__D_______. A)programmingacomputerisasinterestingasmakingaviolin B)oursocietyneedsexpertsindifferentfields C)violin-makingrequiresasmuchskillascomputerprogrammingD)peoplewhocanuseacomputerdon’tnecessarilyhavetoknowcomputerprogramming8. Learningtouseacomputerisgettingeasierallthetimebecause______B___. A)programsarebecominglesscomplicated B)programsaredesignedtobeconvenienttousers C)programmingisbecomingeasierandeasier D)programsarebecomingreadilyavailabletocomputerusers9. Accordingtotheauthor,thephrase“learningtouseacomputer”(Lines3-4,Para.3)meanslearning________C___. A)asetofrules B)thefundamentalsofcomputerscience C)specificprograms D)generalprinciplesofprogramming10. Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis_____B____. A)tostresstheimpactofthecomputeronsociety B)toexplaintheconceptofthecomputerliteracy C)toillustratetherequirementsforbeingcompetentcitizensoftomorrow. D)toemphasizethatcomputerprogrammingisaninterestingandchallengingjobPassagethreeQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Solongasteachersfailtodistinguishbetweenteachingandlearning,theywillcontinuetoundertaketodoforchildrenthatwhichonlychildrencandoforthemselves.Teachingchildrentoreadisnotpassingreadingontothem.Itiscertainlynotendlesshoursspentinactivitiesaboutreading.Douglasinsiststhat“readingcannotbetaughtdirectlyandschoolsshouldstoptryingtodotheimpossible.” Teachingandlearningaretwoentirelydifferentprocesses.Theydifferinkindandfunction.Thefunctionofteachingistocreatetheconditionsandtheclimatethatwillmakeitpossibleforchildrentodevisethemostefficientsystemforteachingthemselvestoread.Teachingisalsopublicactivity:Itcanbeseenandobserved. Learningtoreadinvolvesallthateachindividualdoestomakesenseoftheworldofprintedlanguage.Almostallofitisprivate,forlearningisanoccupationofthemind,andthatprocessisnotopentopublicscrutiny. Ifteacherandlearnerrolesarenotinterchangeable,whatthencanbedonethroughteachingthatwillaidthechildinthequest（探索）forknowledge?Smithhasoneprincipalruleforallteachinginstructions.“Makelearningtoreadeasy,whichmeansmakingreadingameaningful,enjoyableandfrequentexperienceforchildren.” Whentherolesofteacherandlearnerareseenforwhattheyare,andwhenbothteacherandlearnerfulfillthemappropriately,thenmuchofthepressureandfeelingoffailureforbothiseliminated.Learningtoreadismadeeasierwhenteacherscreateanenvironmentwherechildrenaregiventheopportunitytosolvetheproblemofleaningtoreadbyreading.11. Theproblemwiththereadingcourseasmentionedinthefirstparagraphisthat__D_____. A)itisoneofthemostdifficultschoolcourses B)studentsspendendlesshoursinreading C)readingtasksareassignedwithlittleguidance D)toomuchtimeisspentinteachingaboutreading12. Theteachingofreadingwillbesuccessfulif___B_____. A)teacherscanimproveconditionsatschoolforthestudents B)teacherscanenablestudentstodeveloptheirownwayofreading C)teacherscandevisethemostefficientsystemforreading D)teacherscanmaketheirteachingactivitiesobservable13. Theword“scrutiny”(Line3,Para.3)mostprobablymeans“____B_____”. A)inquiry B)observation C)control D)suspicion14. Accordingtothepassage,learningtoreadwillnolongerbeadifficulttaskwhen____A_____. A)childrenbecomehighlymotivated B)teacherandlearnerrolesareinterchangeable C)teachinghelpschildreninthesearchforknowledge D)readingenricheschildren’sexperience15. Themainideaofthepassageisthat_____C____. A)teachersshoulddoaslittleaspossibleinhelpingstudentslearntoread B)teachersshouldencouragestudentstoreadaswidelyaspossible C)readingabilityissomethingacquiredratherthantaught D)readingismorecomplicatedthangenerallybelievedPassageFourQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Thereseemsnevertohavebeenacivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowtheydevelopedisunknown.Theyprobablycameaboutjusttogivechildrensomethingtodo. Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboysplayedwithsomekindsoftoysandmostgirlswithanother.Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayaftertheactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirlsafterthetasksoftheirmothers.Thisistruebecauseboysandgirlsarebeingprepared,eveninplay,tostepintotherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheadultworld. Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsofcraftsmanship,mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing.InEgypt,theAmericas,China,JapanandamongtheArctic（北极的）peoples,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflifebecausetoysimitatetheirsurroundings.Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles. Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltotheoxcarttotheautomobileisadirectlineofascent（进步）.Theprogressfromarattle（拔浪鼓）usedbyababyin3000BCtooneusedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedbyinventiveness.Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.16. Thereasonwhythetoysmostboysplaywitharedifferentfromthosethatgirlsplaywithisthat____A______. A)theirsocialrolesarerigidlydetermined B)mostboyswouldliketofollowtheirfathers’professions C)boysliketoplaywiththeirfatherswhilegirlswiththeirmothers D)theylikechallengingactivities17. Oneaspectof“theuniversalityoftoys”liesinthefactthat____D____. A)technologicaladvanceshavegreatlyimprovedthedurabilityoftoysB)theimprovementofcraftsmanshipinmakingtoysdependsontheeffortsofuniversities C)theexplorationoftheuniversehasledtothecreationofnewkindsoftoys D)thebasiccharacteristicsoftoysarethesametheworldover18. Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sviewonthehistoricaldevelopmentoftoys?__B______. A)Thecraftsmanshipintoy-makinghasremainedessentiallyunchanged. B)Toyshaveremainedbasicallythesameallthroughthecenturies. C)Thetoyindustryhaswitnessedgreatleapsintechnologyinrecentyears. D)Toysareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinshapingachild’scharacter.19. Regardedasakindofartform,toys____C_____. A)followadirectlineofascent B)alsoappealgreatlytoadults C)arenotcharacterizedbytechnologicalprogress D)reflectthepaceofsocialprogress20. Theauthorusestheexampleofarattletoshowthat___D_____. A)intoy-makingthereisacontinuityinthesueofmaterials B)eventhesimplesttoyscanreflecttheprogressoftechnology C)itoftentakesalongtimetointroducenewtechnologyintotoy--making D)evenasimpletoycanmirrortheartistictastesofthetimePart=3\*ROMANIII请用写一份300字符左右的英文简历（15分）Part=4\*ROMANIV请就你熟悉的研究工作写一份300字符左右的英文摘要（15分）Part=6\*ROMANV将下列短文翻译成中文其中电器与设备专业人员选择（二），其余专业人员选择(一)（20分）(一)Thesteelindustryisgoingthroughatechnologicalrevolutionthatwillnotonlychangehowsteelisproducedbutalsotheentirestructureoftheindustry.Thedriversfortheneworimprovedtechnologies,includingreductionincapitalrequirements,possibleshortagesinrawmaterialssuchascokeandlowresidualscrap,environmentalconcerns,andcustomerdemandsarebrieflyexamined.Therequiredresponseoftheindustrytothesedriverswillbenewprocesssuchasdirectironmaking,nearnetshapecasting,andthosetoimprovechargematerialstotheelectricarcfurnace(EAF).Theknow-howfortheseprocessimprovementsandrevolutionarytechnologiescanbepurchased,ifitexists.However,sincetheU.S.industryhasauniquesetofdrivers,itmaybenecessarytodevelopmanyofthenewtechnologiesthroughitsownresearchanddevelopment.ThecurrentstatusofresearchanddevelopmentintheUnitedStatesandselectedinternationalproducerswasexamined.Asexpected,itwasfoundthattheindustry’sresearchcapabilitieshavebeengreatlyreduced.Furthermore,lessthanhalfofthecompaniesthatidentifiedagiventechnologyascriticalhavesignificantresearchanddevelopmentprogramsaddressingthetechnology.Itisclearthat,inmanycases,thesetechnologiesmustbedevelopedcollaborativelyusingalloftheintellectualresourcesavailable,includinguniversities.Muchofthebasicprocessunderstandingandthedataforoptimizationcanbeobtainedfrombasicresearch,whichishighlyfocusedontherequirementsofthenewprocess,thuseliminatingsomeexpensivepilotplanttrials.Examplesofhowbasicresearchaidedinprocessimprovementsinthepastaregiven.Theexamplesincludedemonstratinghowfundamentalsofreactionkinetics,improvednitrogencontrol,andthermodynamicsofsystemshelpedreducenozzlecloggingandhowfluidflowstudiesreduceddefectsincasting.However,ingeneral,basicresearchdidnotplayamajorroleinprocessespreviouslydevelopedbuthelpedourunderstandingandaidedoptimization.Tohaveamajorimpact,basicresearchmustbefocusedandbeanintegralpartofanynewprocessdevelopment.AnexamplewherethishasbeendonesuccessfullyistheAISIDirectIronmakingandWasteOxideRecycleproject,inwhichfundamentalstudiesonreduction,slagfoaming,andpostcombustionreactionshaveledtoprocessunderstanding,control,andoptimization.Industryleadersrecognizethevalueandneedforbasicresearchbutinsistitbetrulyrelevantanddonewithindustryinput.Fromtheseexamples,thelessonslearnedonhowtomakebasicresearchmoreeffectivearediscussed.Theindustrywillhavetorespondtotheprecedingdriversbydevelopingnewtechnologiesinordertomaintainitscompetitiveposition.Evolutionaryimprovementssuchascoalinjectionintotheblastfurnaceandimprovedrefiningwillcontinuetooccur.However,moreinnovativetechnologieswillalsoberequired.Directironmaking,usingcoalandoredirectly,willeliminatetheneedforcokingcoals,cokemaking,andagglomerationandaddresstheneedstoreducecapitalandenvironmentalconcerns.Wasteoxiderecycleprocesseswillreducetheenvironmentalimpactofwasteoxidedisposal.Theprocessesmaybeseparatetreatmentprocessesorimproveddirectrecycleinexistingfurnaces.Scrappurificationwillimprovetherecyclabilityofobsoletescrapandsupplyimprovedironunitsforsteel-making.Processesforscrapsubstitutesproductionfromvirginmaterials,includingacoal-basedprocess,willaddresstheanticipatedshortageinlowresidualscrap.Advancedmeltingprocesseswillcombineelectricalandfossilfuelenergy,scrappreheating,andpostcombustiontoreduceenergyconsumptionandincreaseproductivity.Advancednearnetcastingprocesseswillreducecapital,operatingcosts,andprocessingtime.Theimplementationofthesetechnologieswilldramaticallychangesteelproductionandtheentireindustrystructure.Itwillallowfortheriseofnewtypesofsteelmakingplantsandreducethecostofenteringintomanysteelmarkets.Aschematicdiagram,includingthetypesofplantsthatmayexistintheearly21stcentury.Inthefuture,conventionalintegratedproductionwillcontinuetoproducethehighestqualitysteels,andsimplebarsandshapeswillbeproducedusingobsoletescrapinEAFs.However,forthemidrangeofproducts,representingabout40to50pctofsteelproduction,newplantsbasedonthesenewtechnologieswillevolve.Mini-integratedplantsusingdirectironmakingandelectricfurnaceplantsusinglargequantitiesofoxygenandscrapsubstituteswillemergetocompetewithconventionalprocesses.（二）Whateverdesigntasksthedesignersareexpectedtocomplete,theyalways,consciouslyorunconsciously,followthesimilarprocesswhichgoesasfollows:StudiesoffeasibilityAfterunderstandingtheproductfunctions,operationalconditions,manufacturingconstrainsandkeytechnologies,goontouncoverexistingsolutionstosomesimila