【创新设计】高考英语总复习 215第五章动词时态和语态课件（江苏专用）

第五章动词时态和语态

△动词时态和语态讲解△动词时态一、一般现在时1．一般现在时的基本用法主要表示目前的特征或状态、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、客观存在及普遍真理等。【例1】I________allthecookingformyfamily，butrecentlyI'vebeentoobusytodoit.(2010·辽宁)A．willdoB．doC．amdoingD．haddone答案B【例2】Theteachersaidthatthesun________intheeast.A．roseB．raisesC．risesD．isrising答案C2．一般现在时在状语从句中的用法在以when，until(till)，assoonas，bythetime，after，before等引导的时间状语从句或以if，unless，once等引导的条件状语从句以及以nomatterwhen，however，evenif等引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。【例3】—When________again?—Whenhe________，I'llletyouknow.A．hecomes；comes B．willhecome；willcomeC．hecomes；willcome D．willhecome；comes答案D【例4】Ican'ttellyouifit________tomorrowifyou________me.A．rains；willask B．shallrain；askC．willrain；ask D．wouldrain；willask答案C二、一般过去时1．一般过去时的基本用法(1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，或表示在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。(2)常用的时间状语有：yesterday，lastyear，theotherday，justnow，threedaysago，in1999等。【例5】SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincethe1900s，whenpeople________toenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnology.A．begin B．beganC．havebegun D．hadbegun答案B【例6】—Nancyisnotcomingtonight.—Butshe________！A．promises B．promisedC．willpromise D．hadpromised答案B2．一般过去时用于状语从句的表达方式在时间、条件等状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时。【例7】Hesaidhewouldgotoseehismotherwhenhe________fromabroad.A．returned B．wasreturnedC．wouldreturn D．hadreturned答案A【例8】Helen________herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband________home.A．hasleft；comes B．left；hadcomeC．hadleft；came D．hadleft；wouldcome答案C三、现在进行时1．现在进行时的基本用法表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。【例9】—I'mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriends________forus.A．willwait B．waitC．havewaited D．arewaiting答案D【例例10】】Thesedaysmyfather________anovel.A．．writesB．．iswritingC．．haswrittenD．．willwrite答案案B2．．用用进进行行时时表表示示将将来来的的情情况况某些动动词词的的现现在在进进行行时时可可表表示示计划划或安排排好了了的的将将来来动动作作。。常常见见的的这这类类动动词词有有：：go，，come，，leave，，arrive，，start，，takeoff等等。。【例11】He________toseeyoutomorrow.A．comesB．hascomeC．iscomingD．wascoming答案C3．always等等副词在在进行时时中表达达的意义义always，，often，，constantly，frequently，forever等副词和现现在进行行时连用用，表达达说话人人的某种种感情，，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译译为“老是、总是”。【例12】John________ofwhathecandoforothers.A．alwaysthinkB．isalwaysthinkingC．hasalwaysthoughtD．willalwaysthink答案B【例13】You________TV.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?A．alwayswatchB．arealwayswatchingC．havealwayswatchedD．havealwaysbeenwatched答案B4．一般般不用于于进行时时的动词词状态动词或静态动词通常常不用于于进行时时态。如如：like，，love，prefer，，want，think，wish，desire，believe，know，，understand，realize，recognize，doubt，feel，forgive，，guess，，imagine，satisfy，taste，see，be，belongto，，concern，contain，cost，，dependon，deserve，，have(有有)，haveon，lack，，need，owe，，own，remain，seem，sound等。【例14】I________Tomquitewell.Wewereintroducedataparty.A．amknowingB．．wasknowingC．knowD．hadbeenknowing答案C【例15】——Youaredrinkingtoomuch.—Onlyathome.Noone________mebutyou.A．isseeingB．hadseenC．seesD．saw答案C四、过去进行行时1．过去进行行时的基本用用法表示在过去某一一时刻或某一一阶段正在发生的动作。。【例16】Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket，wherepeople________allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.(2010··湖南)A．sellB．weresellingC．hadsoldD．havesold答案B【例17】——Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.—WherewasI?—You________youdidn'tlikeyourfather'sjob.A．hadsaidB．saidC．weresayingD．hadbeensaying答案C【例18】Shirley________abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A．haswrittenB．wroteC．hadwrittenD．waswriting答案D2．过去进行行时的其他用用法(1)表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。(2)与always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副词连用，可表示某种感情色彩。【例19】Helosthiswatchwhenhe________football.A．played B．wasplayingC．hadplayed D．wouldplay答案B【例20】TheleadersthoughtillofMrs.Black，becauseshe________.A．wasalwayscomplainingB．hadalwayscomplainedC．wouldalwayscomplainD．willalwaysbecomplaining答案A五、现在完完成时1．现在完完成时的基基本用法主要强调“过去”和“现在”的关系，须须注意下面面几点：(1)指过过去的动作作对现在的的影响。(2)现在在完成时一一般不与具体的过过去时间状状语或when从句句连用。(3)短暂暂性动词的的完成时一一般不与段时间状状语连用。。(4)常用用于现在完完成时态的的时间状语语有：inthepastfewyears，，bynow，uptonow，sofar，，already，，yet，，since，forfiveyears，recently，lately，before，，never，once，today，thisweek(month，year)，，manytimes，just等等。【例21】】—I'msorry，，butIdon'tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry，I________myselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.(2010·北京)A．hadn'tmadeB．wouldn'tmakeC．don'tmakeD．haven'tmade答案D【例22】】They________friendssincetheymetinShanghai.A．havemC．havebeen D．haveturned答案C【例23】】—IhearJanehasgone—Oh，hownice!Doyouknowwhenshe________？A．wasleaving B．hadleftC．hasleft D．left答案D2．现在完成时时在It/This/Thatisthefirst/secondtime(that)．..结构中的的应用该结构中，that引引导的从句句常用现在在完完成成时。。【例例24】】—Doyouknowourtownatall?—No，，thisisthefirsttimeI________here.A．．wasB．．havebeenC．cameD．amcoming答案案B3．．现现在在完完成成时时和和一一般般过过去去时时的的比比较较相同点点：：都都表表示示动动作作发发生生在在过去去。不同同点点：：现现在在完完成成时时表表示示与与现现在在有关；；一一般般过过去去时时表表示示与与现现在在无关。。【例例25】】—Youdidn'tlockthebackdoor.—Youarewrong.I________.A．．didlockitB．．havelockeditC．．lockitmyselfD．．dolockit答案案A【例例26】】Howcanyoupossiblymissthenews?It________onTValldaylong.A．．hasbeenB．．hadbeenC．．wasD．．willbe答案案A【例例27】】——DoesLiuHuiserveinthearmy?—No，，buthe________inthearmyfor3years.A．．servedB．．hasservedC．．isservingD．．wouldserve答案A4．现在完成成时和现在完完成进行时的的区别现在完成进行时时表示从过去去某个时候开开始一直延续到现在的的动作；现在在完成时表示示动作已完成。如：I'vebeenwritinganarticle.(还在写)/I'vewrittenanarticle.(已写好)【例28】I'mtiredout.I________allafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.(2010··湖南)A．shoppedB．．haveshoppedC．hadshoppedD．havebeenshopping答案D六、过去完成成时1．过去完成成时基本用法法(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某某一动作之前已经完成了的的动作(即所所谓的“过去的过去”)。(2)表示从从过去某一时时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动动作或状态。。【例29】IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey________forme.(2010·北京京)A．haddoneB．．didC．woulddoD．．weredoing答案A2．过过去完完成时时表示示“本来……””的用法法动词think，，expect，hope，，suppose，，want，plan，，mean，intend等等用于于过去去完成成时表表示过过去未曾实现的的愿望望或打打算，，意为为“本来……””。【例30】】They________tohelp，buttheycouldnotgetthereintime.A．wantB．hadwantedC．werewantingD．havewanted答案B3．用用于某某些特特殊结结构(1)It/This/Thatwasthefirst/secondtime(that)＋＋过去完成成时(2)Itwas＋段时间＋＋since＋＋过去去完成成时(3)nosooner...than...或或hardly...when...的主句谓语语要用用过去去完成成时(4)含“by＋＋过去时间点点”或“bythetime＋一般过过去时”的句子子常用用过去去完成成时。。【例31】】Thiswasthefirsttimewe________athome.A．metB．hadmetC．wasmetD．wouldmeet答案B【例32】】We________hardlyarrivedwhenit________torain.A．had；beganB．have；；beganC．不填填；beganD．不填填；hadbegan答案A【例33】Bytheendoflastyear，anothernewgymnasium________inBeijing.A．wouldbecompletedB．wasbeingcompletedC．hasn'tbeencompletedD．hadbeencompleted答案D七、一般般将来时时表示在将来的某个时时候将要要发生的的动作或或存在的的状态。。1．“will/shall＋动词原形形”表示将来来的用法法will可用于于各种人称，shall一般般只用于于第一人称。【例34】Greatchanges________takeplaceinthefuture.A．wouldB．willC．．didD．shall答案B注：will用于条条件状语语从句时时，表示示“愿意”。【例35】Ifyou________gotothecountryside，you________go.A．shall；shallB．．will；mayC．will；；shallD．．shall；；may答案B2．“begoingto＋动词原形形”表示将来来的用法法表示打算和预测。【例36】Thefilm________thisSunday.A．isgoingtobeshownB．．isshowingC．istoshowD．．willhavebeenshown答案A3．“beto＋＋动词原形”表示将来的的用法表示按计划或安排即将要发生生的动作，，有时也表表示命令、禁止或可能性。。【例37】】Theteachersaid，，“Alltheexercises________behandedinontime.”A．willB．．aretoC．areabouttoD．．aregoingto答案B4．“beaboutto＋动动词原形”表示将来的的用法表示即将要发发生的事，，通常不与具体的时时间状语连连用。A．shall B．areabouttoC．areto D．aregoingto答案B5．“beduet表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事。【例39】Thestrike________beginonTuesday.A．isdueto B．isabouttoC．shall D．aregoingto答案A6．will/shall与begoingto的区别别(1)begoingto可用于条件状状语从句表表示将来，，而shall/will一一般不可。【例40】】Ifyou________tomyhouse，you'dbetterphonemefirst.A．willcomingB．．shallcomeC．aregoingtocomeD．．istocome答案C(2)迹象象表明要发发生某事，，只用begoingto。。【例41】】Lookatthoseblackclouds.It________rain.A．willB．isgoingtoC．shallD．isaboutto答案B(3)若强强调某个意意图是经过事先考考虑好的，，用begoingto；若表示示某个意图图没经过事先考考虑，而是是在说话时时的临时决定，则用用will/shall。【例42】】—Maryisinhospital.—Oh，really?Ididn'tknow.I________visither.A．amgoingtoB．willC．amtoD．amaboutto答案B【例43】】—Maryisinhospital.—Yes，，Iknow.I________visithertomorrow.A．amgoingtoB．willC．amtoD．amaboutto答案A八、将来进进行时表示将来某一一时间正在进行的动作作，一般带带状语。【例44】】—Guesswhat，we'vegotourvisasforashort­termvisittotheUKthissummer.—Hownice！You________adifferentculturethen.(2010·福建)A．willbeexperiencingB．haveexperiencedC．havebeenexperiencingD．．willhaveexperienced答案A【例45】】Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring，you________freshwatermeloninthefall.(2010·浙浙江)A．eatB．wouldeatC．haveeatenD．willbeeating答案案D九、、过过去去将将来来时时1．．过过去去将将来来时时的的基基本本用用法法表示从从过去去某时时看看将要要发生生的的动动作作或或存存在在的的状状态态，，多多用用于于主主句句谓谓语语动动词词是是一一般般过过去去时时的的宾语从从句句中中。。【例例46】】ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune________.(2010··全全国国Ⅰ)A．．ismadeB．．wouldmakeC．．wastobemadeD．．hadmade答案案C2．．用用过过去去进进行行时时表表示示过过去去将将来来时时某些动动词词(如如：：go，，start，，come，，leave，，arrive，，takeoff等等)的的过过去去进进行行时时，，可可以以表表示示过过去去将要发生的动作。。【例47】—Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.—Oh，Ithoughtthathe________today.A．wascomingB．iscomingC．willcomeD．comes答案A十、将来完成成时指将来某一时刻已完成的动作。。常用于将来来完成时的时时间状语有：：bythetime，bytheendof，by等。。【例48】BythetimeJanegetshome，heraunt________forLondontoattendameeting.A．willleaveB．leavesC．willhaveleftD．left答案C十一、时态呼呼应时态呼应是指从从句谓语动词词的时态受主主句谓语动词词时态的制约约。时态呼应应的两个特点点：(1)当主句句的谓语动词词为现在时态态时，从句谓谓语动词不受限制。(2)当主句句谓语动词为为过去时态时时，从句谓语语动词要与其其保持一致，，即用相应的的过去时态。【例49】IknowthatJane________forLondonlastweA．hadleft；won'tB．left；won'tC．wasleaving；willD．left；will答案B【例50】Theoldmantoldmethathe________inthecityfor50years.A．haslivedB．waslivingC．hadlivedD．willlive答案C注：当从句表示的是一个永恒的真理或表明一个人或东西的经常性特点时，可以不受主句谓语动词时态的约束。【例51】】WhenIwasfiveyearsold，mymother________methattheearth________roundthesun.A．told；；goesB．．hadtold；goesC．told；；wentD．．hadtold；went答案A【例52】】Didhesaythetrain________at6：：45?A．willleaveB．hadleftC．hasleftD．leaves答案D动词语语态一、定定义与与用法法英语的语语态分分为主主动语语态和和被动动语【例1】Thiscoastalarea________anationalwildlifereservelastyear. (2010·湖南)A．wasnamed B．namedC．isnamed D．names答案A【例例2】】Thisoldbookcase________whenwemovedit.A．damaged B．hasdamagedC．gotdamaged D．wasbeingdamaged答案C二、、两两种1．双宾语动词的被动语态英语中有些动词可以有两个宾语，如：give，buy，bring，show，pass，offer，lend，leave，tell，write，sing，teach等，这些动词用于被动结构时，可以将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，而另一个宾语仍保留在谓语后面。如：Heboughtmemanybooks.→Iwasboughtmanybooks.或Manybookswereboughtforme.【例例3】】I________tenminutestodA．gave B．wasgivenC．wasgiving D．hadgiven答案B2．短语语动词的的被动语语态短语动词是是由“动词＋介介词”，“动词＋名名词＋介介词”等结构构构成的动动词短语语，在被被动语态态结构中中，不能漏掉其后后的介词词。【例4】】—WhydoesLinglinglooksounhappy?—She________byherclassmates.A．haslaughedB．haslaughedatC．hasbeenlaughedD．hasbeenlaughedat答案D三、主动动表被动动的若干干情形1．系动词(如如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，prove等)要要用主动动表被动动。A．havebeentasted；tasteB．havebeentasted；aretastedC．havetasted；taste D．havetasted；aretasted答案A2．英语中有些动动词如：open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，，cook，，cut，wear，carry等等，当主语是是物，且又表示主语的特征和状状态时，要用【例6】Thestockings________easily.A．tear B．aretornC．tearing D．arebeingtorn答案A【例7】Beingpopularwithcustomers，theproducts________wellandmaybe________intwomonths.A．sell；selloutB．aresold；；selloutC．sell；willbesoldoutD．aresold；willbesoldout答案C3．不定式toblame用作表语，通常用主主动表被动。。【例8】Thepolicyispartly________forcausingtheworstunemploymentinEurope.A．tobeblamedB．toblameC．．beingblamedD．．blaming答案案B4．．“主语语＋＋be＋＋形形容容词词＋＋todo”结构构中中的的不定定式式这类形容词常见的有：convenient，comfortable，dangerous，difficult，hard，easy，impossible，interesting，nice，pleasant，safe，tough，tricky，unpleasant等。【例9】Thechairlooksratherhard，butinfactitisverycomfortable________.A．tosit B．tositonC．tobesaton D．forsitting答案B【例例10】】Alotofpeoplefindmodernartveryhard________.A．．understoodB．．tobeunderstoodC．．tounderstandD．．beingunderstood答案案C5．．不定定式式用用于于某某些些动动词词(如如：：have[有有]，，get，，want，，need等等)的的宾宾语语后后作作定语时，如如果不定定式的逻逻辑主语语是句子的主主语，通通常用主主动形式式表示被被动意义义。【例11】Ihavesomeclothes________now，soIcan'tgoouttoplay.A．towashB．tobewashedC．washingD．beingwashed答案A注：若不定定式的的逻辑辑主语语不是是句子子的主主语，，则应应用被动式。【例12】】Sir，doyouhavesomething________？？I'mfreenow.A．totype B．typingC．tobetyped D．tohavetyped答案C6．在“with＋＋宾语语＋不不定式式”结构中中，不不定式式表示示将来的动作作，且且其逻逻辑主【例13】Withsomanydifficultproblems________，Idon'tknowifI'llhavetime