国际贸易实务英文第二周瑞琪radeerms

InternationalTradeTermsChapterTwo2.1ThreesetsofrulesWarsaw-OxfordRules1932RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms20002Warsaw-OxfordRules1932Initiallyin1928---“WarsawRules,1928”22provisionsgoverningtherightsandobligationsofthepartiestoasaleofgoodsonCIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)contractterms.Revisedin1932---the“Warsaw-OxfordRules1932”21provisionsagainmainly

aboutCIF3RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941Defines6terms:ExPointofOriginFOB(freeonboard)FAS(freealongside)6variantsofFOBFOB(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdeparture)FOB(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdeparture)FreightPrepaidto(namedpointofexportation)FOB(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdeparture)FreightAllowedto(namedpointofexportation)FOB(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofexportation)FOBVessel(namedportofshipment)≈Incoterms’FOBFOB(namedinlandpointincountryofimportation)C&F(CostandFreight)CIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)ExDock(NamedPortofImportation)4InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms2000

(Incoterms2000)1936---firstcreatedbyInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)Thepurposesofincoterms:TogivethebusinessmenasetofinternationalrulesfortheinterpretationofthemostcommonlyusedtradetermsToclarifytheobligationsofthebuyerandthesellerTosimplifythecontractnegotiationsTosavetimeandcostRevisedin1953、1967、1976、1980、1990、2000Incoterms2000includes13termsunder4groups52.2BasicsofIncoterms20002.2.1ScopeofGovernancePartiesinvolved:concerningonly2parties--seller&buyerDocumentapplied:onlytothecontractofsaleSpecificaspectsgoverned:onlysettlemattersconcerningthedeliveryoftangibles

goodssold

FocusingonlyonthedeliveryoftangiblegoodsDeliveryalsoindicatingthetransferofobligations,costandriskdistributionbetweentheparties62.2.1ScopeofGovernanceObligationObligation--alegaldutytodosomethingaccordingtoacertainagreement.universallyacceptedobligation,eg:theseller--providegoodsinconformitywiththecontractThebuyer--paythepriceasstipulatedinthecontractotherobligations:handlethecustomsclearance,carriageofgoods,insurance72.2.1ScopeofGovernanceCostlocalandoverseastransportationandinsurancecostsgoodscheckingandinspectionexpenses,customsclearancechargesloadingandunloadingchargesofthegoodsatsomeparticulartransportpointsTransferofrisk“Risk”referstoaccidentaldamagetothegoods.time:whendoestheriskpassfromthesellerstothebuyers?82.2.2CategorizationofTerms13termsintofourcategories"E"-term—theselleronlymakesthegoodsavailabletothebuyerattheseller'sownpremises."F"-terms—theselleriscalledupontodeliverthegoodstoacarrierappointedbythebuyer."C"-terms—thesellerhastocontractforcarriage,butwithoutassumingtheriskoflossordamagetothegoodsoradditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringaftershipmentordispatch."D"-terms—thesellerhastobearallcostsandrisksneededtobringthegoodstotheplaceofdestination.

9Incoterms2000GroupEDepartureEXWExWorks(…namedplace)工厂交货（…指定地点）GroupF

MainCarriageunpaidFCAFreeCarrier(…namedplace)货交承运人（…指定地点）FASFreeAlongsideShip(…namedportofshipment)船边交货（…指定装运港）FOBFreeonBoard(…namedportofshipment)船上交货（…指定装运港）GroupC

MainCarriagepaidCFRCostandFreight(…namedportofdestination)成本加运费（…指定目的港）CIFCost,InsuranceandFreight(…namedportofdestination)成本、保险费加运费（…指定目的港）CPTCarriagePaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)运费付至（…指定目的地）CIPCarriageandInsurancePaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)运费保险费付至（…指定目的地）GroupD

ArrivalDAFDeliveredatFrontier(…namedplace)边境交货（…指定地点）DESDeliveredExShip(…namedportofdestination)目的港船上交货（…指定目的港）DEQDeliveredExQuay(…namedportofdestination)目的港码头交货（…指定目的港）DDUDeliveredDutyUnpaid(…namedplaceofdestination)未完税交货（…指定目的地）DDPDeliveredDutyPaid(…namedplaceofdestination)完税后交货（…指定目的地）1011The““E””term(EXW)Seller’’sobligationmin.Placingthegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyerattheagreedplace––usuallyhisownpremisesInpractice,alsoincludingassistingthebuyerinloadingthegoodsonthebuyer’scollectingvehiclewithoutchargingaloadingfeeForthebuyertogetlowerprice,buttoodemandingforhim,thereforeonlyappliedtobuyershavingoffshorebranches12EXWDelivery:atseller’spremisesTransferofrisks:goodsatthedisposalofthebuyerPackagingandloading:Usu.sellernoobligationforexportpackagingandloading;ExportcustomsclearanceUsu.buyer’’sresponsibility,sometimesbuyerdoitforbuyer,butbearnorisks13The““F””terms(FCA,FAS,FOB)ShipmentcontractSellerdeliversthegoodsforcarriageasinstructedbythebuyerbuyerpaysfreightandsignscarriagecontractwithcarrierandnotifysellerFAS&FOBonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransportationmodeSeller’’sobligation,costandrisktransferstobuyerafterdeliveryofthegoodsSeller––exportinglicenseandexportcustomsclearanceBuyer––importinglicenseandimportcustomsclearance14FCAFreeCarrier(…….Namedplace)Transferofrisksgoodsatthedisposalofthe(1st)carrierDeliverypointIfatseller’’ssite,sellerresponsibleforloadingIfanywhereelse,sellerresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothepointrequired,butnotresponsibleforunloadingorreloading15FASFreeAlongsideShip(…namedportofshipment)Deliverypoint:atportofshipmentTransferofrisk:goodsputalongsidethevesselIfvesselunabletoentertheportduetoforcemajeure,thesellerisresponsibleforarrangingandpayingforthelighterstosendthegoodsalongsidethevesseloffshore.(sellerpaysforlightercharges)16FOBFreeonBoard(…namedportofshipment)Deliverypoint:atportofshipmentTransferofrisks:goodspassovertheship’srailCostandobligation:thesellerispayingforthenecessaryhandlingofgoodsuntiltheyareloadedonboardthevessel.Strictlyspeaking,transferofrisks≠transferofobligationandcost17The““C”terms（CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP）ShipmentcontractsSellercontractforcarriageonusualtermsathisownexpense.CFR&CIFonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransportationmodeUnderCIFandCIP,selleralsotakesoutinsuranceandinsurancecost.18The““C”terms（CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP）Two““critical”pointsPort(place)ofshipment––towhichthebuyertakesovertherisksPort(place)ofdestination––towhichthesellerisboundtoarrangeandbearthecostsofacontractofcarriageNote:Exceptionofcontainertransport:thecontainershiphasnorail,deliveryisfulfilledwhenthegoodsarehandedovertothecontainercarrier.19CFRCostandFreight(…namedportofdestination)ShareseveryfeaturewithFOBexceptforoceanfreightchargeFreightatseller’scostSellerpaythenormaltransportcostforthecarriageofthevesselbyausualrouteandinacustomarymannertotheagreedplaceBuyertaketheriskoflossordamagetothegoodsandadditionalcostsresultingfromeventsoccurringafterthedeliveryofthegoodsObligation:seller’’sresponsibilityforbookingshippingspaceandgettergoodsreadyforshipmentinduetimetonotifytobuyeraboutthedeliveryofgoods(Shippingadvice)soastofacilitatebuyertofulfillinsuranceproceduresNote:notificationismoreimportantunderCFRthanunderFOBandCIF20CIFCost,InsuranceandFreight(…namedportofdestination)OnestepforwardfromCFRInsurancebornbysellerInsuranceforthebuyerThesellerpaysfortheinsurance,buthedoesnottaketheriskofthecargo.Sellerresponsiblefor“min.coverage”Ifrequiredbybuyerandatbuyer’’sexpense,additionalcoveragesuchaswar,strikecanbeaddedSellerhasnoresponsibilitytoguaranteethearrivalofthegoodsatthedestination.21CPTCarriagePaidto(……namedplaceofdestination)CPTissimilartoCFRDifferences:ModeoftransportCPT––anymodeCFR––SeaorInlandWaterwayDeliverypointCPT––inlandplaceorportofshipmentCFR––portofshipmentTransferofrisksCPT–goodsdeliveredtocarrierCFR––goodspassovership’’srail22CIPCarriageandInsurancePaidto(……namedplaceofdestination)CIPissimilartoCIFDifferences:ModeoftransportCIP––anymodeCIF––seaorinlandwaterwayDeliverypointCIP––InlandplaceorportofshipmentCIF––portofshipmentTransferofrisksCIP––goodsatthedisposalofcarrierCIF––goodspassingship’’srailFreightandinsuranceCIP––wholejourneyfreightandinsuranceCIF––voyagefreightandinsurance23The““D””terms（DAF,DES,DEQ,DDU,DDP））Arrivalcontracts––sellerbearallrisksandcostsinbringingthegoodstotheagreedplaceorpointofdestinationattheborderorwithinthecountryofimport.Seller’’sresponsibilitymax.DES&DEQonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransportationmodeSellerresponsibleforbothexportandimportcustomsclearanceunderDDP24DAFDeliveredatFrontier(……namedplace)Onlysuitablefortradebetweenneighboringcountrieswhohaveinlandborders.Deliverypoint:inlandplaceatfrontierclearedstipulatedinthecontractTransferofrisks:goodsatthedisposalofthebuyeratfrontier25DESDeliveredexShip(…namedportofdestination)DESsimilartoCIFDifferences:PlaceofdeliveryDES––portofdestination,CIF––portofshipmentTransferofrisksDES––goodsatthedisposalofbuyeronboardthevesselattheportofdestinationCIF––goodspassovership’srailattheportofshipmentObligationandcostDES––sellerresponsibleforfreight,insuranceandanyothercostsuntilthegoodsarriveatthenamedportofdestinationCIF––selleronlyresponsiblefornormalfreightandmin.insurance26DEQDeliveredexQuay(…namedportofdestination)OnestepforwardfromDESDifference:UnderDEQ,sellersmustalsounloadthegoodsandplaceonthewharf(quay),soTransferofrisks:DEQ––goodsatthedisposalofbuyeronthequayattheportdestinationDES––goodsatthedisposalofbuyeronboardthevesselattheportdestinationObligationandcostDEQ––sellerresponsibleforunloadingchargesfromthevesseltothequayDES––nounloadingisinvolved27SimilartoCIPDifferences:PlaceofdeliveryDDU––inlandplaceintheimportingcountryCIP––inlandplaceintheexportingcountryTransferofrisksDDU––goodsatthedisposalofbuyerCIP––goodsatthedisposalofthecarrierObligationandcostDDU––sellerresponsibleforallcostsandrisksbeforethecompletionofdeliveryCIP––selleronlyresponsiblefornormalfreightandmin.insuranceDDUDelivereddutyUnpaid(…namedplaceofdestination)28DDP–seller’sobligationmax.:sellerprovidesa““door-to-door”deliveryandbearstheentireriskoflossuntilthegoodsareplacedinthebuyer’spremises.UnlikeDDU,sellersmustalsoresponsibleforimportcustomsclearanceandotherpaymentsofdomesticdutiesintheimportingcountryAppliedunlessthesellerhastheresourcesandcapabilitytohandlealltheprocedures.DDPDeliveredDutyPaid(…namedplaceofdestination)29TradeTermsPlaceofDeliveryDivisionofRisksEx.clearanceContractofIm.clearanceModeoftransportcarriageinsuranceEXWSeller’spremisesGoodsatthedisposalofbuyerBBBBAnymodeFCAInlandplaceorportofshipmentGoodsatthedisposalofcarrierSBBBAnymodeFASPortofshipmentGoodsplacedalongsidethevesselSBBBSeaorinlandwaterwayFOBPortofshipmentGoodspasstheship’srailSBBBSeaorinlandwaterwayCFRPortofshipmentGoodspasstheship’srailSSBBSeaorinlandwaterwayCIFPortofshipmentGoodspasstheship’srailSSSBSeaorinlandwaterwayCPTInlandplaceorportofshipmentGoodsatthedisposalofcarrierSSBBAnymodeCIPInlandplaceorportofshipmentGoodsatthedisposalofcarrierSSSBAnymodeDAFInlandpointorplaceatthefrontierGoodsatthedisposalofbuyerSSSBAnymodeDESPortofdestinationGoodsatthedisposalofbuyeronboardthevesselSSSBSeaorinlandwaterwayDEQPortofdestinationGoodsatthedisposalofbuyeronthequaySSSBSeaorinlandwaterwayDDUInlandplaceintheimportingcountryGoodsatthedisposalofbuyerSSSBAnymodeDDPInlandplaceintheimportingcountryGoodsatthedisposalofbuyerSSSSAnymodeIntercoms2000GroupAnalysis30VariationFOBLinerTerms(FOB班轮轮条件）FOBUnderTackle(FOB吊钩钩下交货）FOBStowed&Trimmed(FOB理舱舱，平舱费在在内）CFR/CIFLinerTerms（班轮条件））CFR/CIFLanded（卸至码头））CFR/CIFExTackle（吊钩下交接接）CFR/CIFExShip’’sHold（舱底交接））Sellerpays:LeastMostMostLeast31ImportantNoteThevariationoftransportcostbearingDOESNOTchangethenatureoftheterm:theriskimplicationremainssameallthetime.322.3Applicationissues2.3.1CustomsClearanceReferringtoboththepaymentofdutyandtheperformanceofanyadministrativemattersEXW---buyersforbothimportandexportcustomsclearanceDDP---sellersforbothimportandexportcustomsclearanceForotherterms,buyersforimportcustomsclearancewhilesellersforexportcustomsclearance332.3ApplicationissuesSeller’sexpensetocovercheckingoperations:qualitycontrolduringtheproduction,measuring,weighingandcountingathetimeofdeliveryBuyer’’snecessitytoinspectthegoodsbeforetakingdelivery,hencehemustpaypre-shipmentinspectionSellerpayanycostsofinspectionsmandatedbythelocalauthoritieswhichisnormallypartofcustomsclearance342.3ApplicationissuesReferringtotheactofsettingapartsomethingforparticularusage,totheexclusionofallotheruses.Oneoftheconditionsforrealizingthetransferofrisksfromthesellertothebuyer.Waysofappropriationvaries,thecommononeistoidentifythegoodsbyusingtheuniqueshippingmarksprovidedbythebuyer.352.3ApplicationissuesThepartyarrangesshipmentshallprovidehiscounterpartwithsufficientnoticerelatedtothetransportation.Necessaryinformationinclude:thenameofthecarrier,themodeoftransport,thedateorperiodfordelivery,etc.Inabilitytoprovidesufficientandpromptshipmentnoticetothecounterpartmayleadtothefailureoftransferoradvancedtransferofrisk.NotificationisespeciallysignificantunderCFR.362.3ApplicationissuesShipmentcontractterm:UnderwhichthedeliverywillhappenatthetimeorbeforethetimeofshipmentsellernotresponsibleforlossorriskofgoodsbeingcarriedafterthetimeofshipmentArrivalContractterm:Whichspecifiesthesellertodeliveratthetimeofarrivalsellerresponsibleforallrisksbeforethearrivalofthegoodscarried372.3Applicationissues2.3.6Symbolicdeliveryvs.ActualdeliverySD:deliverycompleteswhensellersubmitstheshippingdocuments(eg.B/L)tobuyerAD:deliverycompleteswhensellerphysicallydeliversthegoodstobuyer382.4ChoiceofTradeTermsDeterminedbytheacceptanceofcost,obligationandriskOtherfactorstoconsider:Exporting&importingpossibilitiesPricingpurposeTransportavailabilityAbilityofriskcontrol399、静静夜夜四四无无邻邻，，荒荒居居旧旧业业贫贫。。。。1月月-231月月-23Thursday,January5,202310、雨中黄叶树树，灯下白头头人。。20:23:5720:23:5720:231/5/20238:23:57PM11、以我独独沈久，，愧君相相见频。。。1月-2320:23:5720:23Jan-2305-Jan-2312、故人江江海别，，几度隔隔山川。。。20:23:5720:23:5720:23Thursday,January5,202313、乍乍见见翻翻疑疑梦梦，，相相悲悲各各问问年年。。。。1月月-231月月-2320:23:5720:23:57January5,202314、他他乡乡生生白白发发，，旧旧国国见见青青山山。。。。05一一月月20238:23:57下下午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