名师指津2016高三英语(人教版)一轮复习课件：必修1-Unit4

话题4：自然灾害名师指津基础知识自测1.____________n.

地震2._______n.

管；导管3._______n.

事件；大事4._______n.

运河；水道5._______n.

砖；砖块brickearthquakepipeeventcanal6.__________n.

掩蔽处；避身处7.__________n.

要点；大纲；轮廓8.__________n.

灾难；灾祸9.__________vt.

埋葬；掩埋；隐藏10._________vi.(burst,burst)爆发burstshelteroutlinedisasterbury11.__________adj.

极度的12.__________adv.

真诚地;真挚地13.__________n.

废墟vt.毁灭14.__________vt.

表示;表达n.快车15.__________n.

裁判员;vt.断定judgeextremesincerelyruinexpress(A)单词派生二、单词拓展1.________n.矿，矿山

________n.

矿工2.__________v.

判断

__________n.

判断；辨别力judgmentmineminerjudge3.________vt.

损害;伤害

________n.

损害;伤害

________adj.受伤的4._____________v.

祝贺;恭喜

_____________n.

祝贺;(复数)贺词congratulationinjureinjuryinjuredcongratulate5.___________adj.

电的;导电的

___________n.

电;电流;电学

___________adj.与电有关的6.___________v.(使)惊吓

___________adj.

受惊的;受恐吓的

___________adj.

令人恐惧的frighteningelectricelectricityelectricalfrightenfrightened1.Twoplayersareoutoftheteambecauseof_______.(injure)介词后要接名词。2.Mypersonal___________isthatheistoblame.(judge)形容词后接名词构成名词词组作主语。judgementinjury3.Ithinkitisdangerousfor______(mine)toworkinsuchterribleconditions.miners意为“矿工”。4.His__________(frighten)eyesmadetheboyfeel___________.5.Bobleftmehis________(electric)fanbeforehewenttoLondon.形容词修饰后面的名词。frighteningfrightenedelectric感到恐惧的令人恐惧的1.____________立刻;马上2.__________________许多;大量的3.____________结束;终结4.____________严重受损;成为废墟三、短语翻译inruinsrightawaya(great)numberofatanend5.__________掘出;发现6.__________仿佛;好像7.__________代替8.__________像往常一样asusualdigoutasifinsteadof9._____________被困住,被套住10.____________横切11.____________三分之二12.______________灾害侵袭的地区disaster-hitareasbetrappedcutacross

twothirds

四、语篇填空

At3:42a.m.everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!Elevenkilometres1_______(direct)belowthecity,the2________(great)earthquakeofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,3______ismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.directly

greatestwhichSteamburstfromholes4___theground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecity5____(lie)inruins.Thesufferingofthepeople6______(be)extreme.Two-thirdsofthemdied7___wereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmany8________(child)wereleftwithoutparents.

inlay

was

or

children9_____numberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshan.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehard10_______(get).Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.

Thetoget1.directly修饰介词短语作状语，用副词，意为“正好”在这座城市下面。2.greatest

前有the，后有ofthe20thcentury表示范围，可以确定用最高级。3.which

引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是Beijing。4.in

说地上有洞，其实是地里有洞，故用in；类似的墙上有洞，也用in。5.lay

由上下文中的谓语动词时态可知，用一般过去时，lie的过去时是lay。lieinruins成为废墟。6.was主语是Thesuffering(痛苦)，第三人称单数，一般过去时，故填was。7.or

指死了“或者”受伤。8.children

受many修饰要用复数。9.The

从后面的数字看是指“数量”，表示“……的数量”用thenumberof。10.toget

在作表语或补语的形容词后只能用不定式作状语。五、语段改错Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakesthearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelpingtherescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandspeoplewerehelped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosethatweretrappedandtoburythedead.ofhelpwhoTothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000minersarerescuedfromthecoalmineshere.Workersbuiltshelterstosurvivorswhosehomehadbeendestroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybythetrain,truckandplane.Slow,thecitybegantobreathagain.breathehomesthereSlowlyforwere1.helping

→help

作目的状语用不定式(todo)。2.在people前加of

表示具体几千人不用of，thousand也不用复数，如threethousandpeople；表示数以千计的人，thousands后要加of。3.that→who

当先行词是指人的those时，只能用who引导定语从句。4.are→were

由上下文谓语动词时态可知，用过去时。5.here→there

指这座城市北面的煤矿“那里”。6.to→for

表示“为某人”造庇护所/房子，用forsb.。7.home→homes

由前面的shelters和survivors可知，用复数。8.去掉by后的the

用by表示“乘”车/船/飞机等，习惯上说bybus/train/boat/plane，不用冠词。9.Slow→Slowly

位于句首，修饰全句，用副词作状语。10.breath→breathe

表示开始做某事是begintodosth.，故名词breath要改为动词breathe。重点词汇讲练原句

Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.城市里,一些大楼的水管破裂了。(B1P26)1.burstv.爆裂;突发例句

Theballoonsuddenlyburst.气球突然爆炸了。burstin闯进来；突然插嘴burstintolaughter=burstoutlaughing放声大笑burstintotears=burstoutcrying放声大哭搭配⑵Whenwewerechattingintheroom,heburst___.运用

填入一个恰当的词。⑴Theaudienceburst____cheers.⑶Asshewastalking,theoldmanburst____cryingwithexcitement.outintoin2.injure

vt.

伤害，使受伤，损害例句

Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.三分之二的人在这次地震中死去或受伤。理解说出下列各句的汉语意思。⑴

Heinjuredhiskneeyesterday.⑵

IhopeIdidn’tinjureherfeelings.⑶

Dishonestinjuresabusiness.欺骗有害生意。他昨天伤了膝盖。我希望我没有伤害她的感情。3.destroyvt.

破坏；毁坏；消灭(damagesth.sobadlythatitcannotberepairedoritnolongerexists，works，etc.)例句

Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.

无论人们朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。⑴destroy强烈摧毁，无法或难以修复；毁掉(名誉、希望、计划等)。如：Thehousesweredestroyedbyafire.房屋被火灾所毁。⑵ruin(逐渐)彻底毁灭；弄坏(美好经历或有用物)。如：Oxfordhasbeenruinedbythemotorindustry.牛津城已经被汽车工业毁掉了。辨析

destroy，ruin&damage⑶damage可修复的部分损坏或损害，指其价值或功能等降低。Theymanagedtorepairthehousesthathadbeendamaged.他们设法修复了受到破坏的房屋。运用用上述词填空，并译成汉语。⑴Whathesaid__________ourlasthope.⑵Shepouredwaterallovermypainting,and_______it.⑶Herheartwasslightly__________asaresultofherlongillness.由于生病，她的心脏轻微受损。(功能降低)destroyed他说的话摧毁了我们最后的希望。ruined她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。(有用物被糟蹋)damaged4.shock

v.(使)震惊；震动n.

休克；打击；震惊例句

Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.井里满是沙子而不是水了，人们惊呆了。用法作n.表示“令人震惊的事”时，前用a。派生

________adj.(人)感到震惊的

________adj.(事)令人震惊的shockingshocked翻译听到这个消息，我十分震惊。（一句多译）a.I___________tohearthenews.b.I______________thenews.c.___________metohearthenews.d.Thenews_______ashock.gavemewasshockedwasshockedatItshocked5.rescue

n.&vt.

援救；营救(save…fromharmordanger；setfree)例句

Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。搭配rescue…from…从……中抢救或营救……go/cometoone’srescue援救或帮助某人

rescuework/workers抢救工作/救援人员⑴rescue多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速和有效的救援，较save更能表达拯救的紧迫性，一般指救人；它还有从监禁中救出的意思。⑵

save指通过救援不但使受害者(人或物)能脱离危险或祸患，而且使其能保存下来，有时可与rescue通用。从某种状态中把某人拯救出来多用save。辨析

rescue&save

运用用rescue或save填空,并说明理由。⑴只有社会主义才能救中国。Onlysocialismcan_____China.⑵救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。Thelifeboatwassentoutto________thesailorsfromthesinkingship.saverescue指从状态中拯救出，多用save。从危险中拯救，拯救的紧迫性，用rescue更好。⑶消防队员行动及时，该建筑物才免遭焚毁。Thequickactionofthefiremen_______thebuildingfrombeingburneddown.saved救的对象是物，多用save。6.trap

vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境运用他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。They_____________theburninghotel.weretrappedin7.lie/beinruins

成为废墟例句

Thewholebuildinglayinruinsafteraterribleearthquake.整栋大楼在一次可怕的地震后变成废墟。翻译暴风雨过后，他的房子已成废墟。联想fallintoruin完全毁掉；坍塌；破败不堪Afterthestorm,hishouselayinruins.原句

Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecausethequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.因为地震是在人们睡觉的时候发生的,所以造成了这么多的人死亡。(B1P27)8.agreatnumberof

许多,大量

例句

Ihavealargenumberofletterstoanswer.我有许多信要回。比较a(great，large)numberof(+复数名词)许多;thenumberof(+复数名词)……的数目。前者作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后者作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofthepeopleinvitedtotheparty_____(be)50lastnight,butanumberofthem_____(be)absentfordifferentreasons.1运用

用所给词的适当形式填空。waswere写作句型仿写原句

Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!世界似乎到了末日!(B1P26)1.Itseemsasif…

看上去好像……;似乎……例句

Itseemedasif

theskywouldfalldown.似乎天要塌下来了。仿写看上去好像除了我之外别人都知道。______________________________exceptme.说明

其中asif可用asthough替代

Itseemsasifeverybodyknowsit原句

Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.人们无论朝哪里看,那里的一切都几乎被毁了。(B1P26)2.Everywhere…无论哪里……(=wherever)例句

Everywhere

shegoes,shewillreceivewarmwelcome.无论她走到哪,她都会受到热烈欢迎。仿写

无论他走到哪儿,我都会找到他。__________________,Iwillfindhim.Everywherehegoes例句

All

studentscannotgotokeyuniversityaftertheygraduatefrommiddleschool.不是所有的学生中学毕业后都能上重点大学。3.all...not=notall...并非都……原句

Allhopewasnot

lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。(B1P26)仿写并不是每个人都像你那么自私。

说明

all,both,each,always,every及every的合成词与not连用时表部分否定。_____________isasselfishasyou.Noteveryone原句

Thechickensandeventhepigswere

toonervoustoeat.鸡甚至猪也太紧张了以至于不吃东西了。4.too+adj./adv.+(forsb.)todosth.

太……以至于不……例句

Themanis

too

honestto

playatricklikethat.这个人很诚实,不会搞那样的恶作剧的。说明在以下三种情况下，此结构是肯定意义：⑴当形容词是表心情的