北邮计算机系统结构试验报告-试验一到五-WINDLX模拟器

北京邮电大学实验报告课程名称计算机系统结构计算机学院03班王陈（11）目录实验一WINDLX模拟器安装及使用错误!未定义书签,实验准备错误!未定义书签,实验环境错误!未定义书签,实验步骤错误!未定义书签c实验内容及要求错误!未定义书签c实验过程错误!未定义书签c实验总结错误!未定义书签c实验二指令流水线相关性分析错误!未定义书签,.实验目的错误!未定义书签,实验环境错误!未定义书签,实验步骤错误!未定义书签c实验过程错误!未定义书签c实验总结错误!未定义书签c实验三DLX处理器程序设计错误!未定义书签,.实验目的错误!未定义书签,实验环境错误!未定义书签,实验步骤错误!未定义书签c实验过程错误!未定义书签cA.向量加法代码及性能分析错误!未定义书签。B.双精度浮点加法求和代码及结果分析错误!未定义书签。实验总结错误!未定义书签c实验四代码优化错误!未定义书签,.实验目的错误!未定义书签,实验环境错误!未定义书签,实验原理错误!未定义书签,实验步骤错误!未定义书签c实验过程错误!未定义书签c实验总结+实习体会错误!未定义书签c实验五循环展开错误!未定义书签,.实验目的错误!未定义书签,实验环境错误!未定义书签,实验原理错误!未定义书签,实验步骤错误!未定义书签c实验过程错误!未定义书签c矩阵乘程序代码清单及注释说明错误!未定义书签。相关性分析结果错误!未定义书签。增加浮点运算部件对性能的影响错误!未定义书签。增加forward部件对性能的影响错误!未定义书签。转移指令在转移成功和转移不成功时候的流水线开销..错误!未定义书签。实验总结+实习体会+课程建议错误!未定义书签,

实验一WINDLX模拟器安装及使用WinDLX模拟器的结构和功能说明1.点击运行之后，会看到一个如下图所示的窗口它包括Register,Code,Pipeline,ClockCycleDiagram,Statistics,Breakpo访胺下来详细介模拟器的结构及各个部件的功能。窗口介绍Rigister窗口中显示的是各个寄存器的名称及内容。如下图:RIe典RIe典na力皂华mWcr>虫nfgu111atir堂gs沧可以看到寄存器中以十六进制标识,从上图可以看出各个寄存器中的内容。可以看到寄存器中以十六进制标识,从上图可以看出各个寄存器中的内容。=RjcpHlTrFC='owcacic：0^00000000F0-0F24=DZMAE=OzoocodoodH9=OhOOOOC000Fl-0r7S-DIR=tlEUULUCJO.£1.口」UbOODODODO叱0L'(IxnnUQQQQQKU-nwnnmnnnnciF3*mFZ7-Q占HUdxdoooddddR12-UxUUUQODUUFd-uF2B-DB-0x00000000RL3-0x00000000F”0DEHL=o^oooaoaoRigOkOOOOOOOO0F30=DETA=OkOOCOOOOO£15-OsOOOOOOdO打=0F3；l=0oicooaaoaaaRIB-0x00000000E■打0DKnTHT-nxrinnQoaniiKI"IIXIIIHIIIUIIIIIIF3-nQfFbk-0x00000000Rl-UrIIIJOIJOOQUFH.*II0(IkUULOljliuRM-UmUUUUO(JD(JFil->uDSDR-OKOoaaoaaaR2D-0x00000000Fl2=0DErEBI-OxOOCJZJCZ玄”二0^00000000Ell-0DIO-DIX温工OaOOCOC30：R22=-0x00000000F14=0D12=DWRHi-nKfinnooQooH?3-nwnninnnnnoF15-noi*--QEO-OKCiooaaaooOnOOOOOOOOF16-0rife-0Rl-UkUUIQLjqoR25-UmUUUUO(JD£iFl?->u111HaDS?=OKQoaaaaaaR晔nxnnnnnnnnFia=nmn=nS3-cxoocaoooaR2?-0^00000000F14-0『产"'一DR4=oxooaaoaaaR20-0x00000000F20=0D24=DR5-OKOQDacaaaR23-QbDDUOUUUUF订*QDN白1■DRfc-oxciooaaoooR3D-O^OOIOOOOOOF22-0D2B-DR?-UkUUIQLJQOR31-UxUUUUUULjCF23->uUJU-D窗口介绍在没有进行任何执行的时候，初次打开code窗口，即为下图所示WINDLXFileWindowEjCMJteMemoryC&n-figurationC&deCode—nSTEXT0x00000000nop$te<t与泗OkOOO00000nop$TE<r+%B0x00000000nop$TEXTOxc0x00000000nop用口J舟d。0x00000000nopSTEXT4a14OwOaOCKOODnop&TEXT*(h18o>oaoooooonop鼾口J短很OmOOOOCOOOnop灯EXT短n200x00000000nop$TEXT+*240x00000000nop▼窗口现实的信息是各个存储器内同。第一列标识存储器的地址；第二列是机器代码，用16讲制表示：第三列是汇编指令。当我们点击上方的£券川恒，可以选择单步或多步执行（也可以使用快捷键F7或F8）。若选择单步执行，每按一次F7,指令执行一次，可以看到，一次执行的为IF->ID->intEX->MEM->WB没执行一次还有颜色的变化。颜色是用来标识指令处于哪个流水段的，如下图。阿Code■一口‘打EXTQmOOOOOOOOmop▲$TEXT+0k4OwOOOOOOOOnapJTEXTtOxfi0x00000000WBnop$TEXTM归OmOOOQOOOOmemnop|$TEXT+OxlOOmOOOOOOOOintEXnap$TEXT*0d40x00000000ICnop$TEXT*M3OkOOOQOOOQifnopSTEXT+OkIcOmOODOOOOO忤叩$TEXT*0x2Ci口刈口口口国工|nop$TEXT+。立4OmOOOOOOK口叩▼当然，我们也可以使用多步执行，按快捷键F8,选择5步流水，即可。窗口介绍通过I阅读WinDLX模拟器说明书可以知道，Pipeline窗口显示的是DLX处理器的内部结构。窗口用下图标识DLX五段流水。当然，如同Code窗口介绍讲述的那样，不同的颜色显示了指令处于哪段流水线。使用快捷键F7单步执行，可以明显的看出，不同时候流水段执行的不同指令。如下图。

IFIDi心MEMWBIFIDi心MEMWBlnlSUgp;laddE^MIE乂fdivEX图片反映的正式与Code中所处的时刻相同的指令流水。可以清晰看到不同流水段执行的是哪条指令。CycleDiagram®口实验准备中我们已经知道，该窗口显示的是流水线的时空图。时空图反映的是不同时隙内的运行情况。如下图。Iristinjctions/CyctesIristinjctions/Cyctesnopnopnopnopnopnopnop右I，5।「口在我看来，时空图是最好理解的。因为它反映的就是流水段的并行程度。在这个DLX模拟器中，并不存在一些数据或者控制上的冲突问题。所以可以依靠上图很清晰的看到指令所处的不同流水段，及指令执行情况。该时空图同样也是和前面的Code等相对应。也可以通过快捷键F7来进一步执行指令，可以看到流水线时空图的扩展情况。任意双击指令的一行，可以详细看到不同流水段的情况。如下图所示。

InformationaboutnopnopIFIDAdr-$TEXTCode-OmOOOOODOOTernnaledsuccessfiJIyFirstCycle;Lst3G底2TotalCycles:5Cycle5;-6(1]TernninatedsuccessfullyIMAflx-PC[-tTEXT)[=0x00000000)尸口后匚M(=1TEXT*0x4)NoStalklecfuired.Sde矶-5[1jTerminatedfiuccessfiu^jA<R0[=0nO)MoStailsrequiiedintEXMEMWBChicles:4(1]TermriaUd$uccES?fuWALU<^<0[-Orf)]NoStailsrequired.NoForwarding.Cvclec：-3(1)TernninatedsuccessfullyNothingtodo.NoStalblecfuiredS*次2(1)Terminated$ucces4u"R0<4LU(-0s0]NoStm临required.窗口介绍该窗口是对运行程序中的数据进行分析。主要包括模拟器中硬件配置情况,在该窗口中，我们可以比较不同配置对于该模拟器的不同影响。如下图所示。1)整体指令执行情况Total：IDeraxtedbp6ln£truction(5].51nilruction(s)current\yinPipeline.硬件配置情况Hardware：i5uraLt.LBii：Memorysize:32768EytesfaddEX*Siages：1,required匚如Ie<2fmulE乂-，加口££：1」eciu住d匚ycler5fdvE^-Stages:.1,requiredCycles:19Forv«rdingenabled.暂停次数和百分比及原因分析Stalls:RAWsials:0[U.OOSiofallCycles),thereatLDstalls：:0(QOO^ofRAWstalls)Branch/Jumpstalls:0(HOO^ofRAW对/闷Fl向ingpointstalls；0(OlOO^ofRAW盘HkJWAV/就ak:0(0.00^WdlCycles]Structitalstalls：0(0.00^tAallCycles)Controlstalls：0。口喷出allCycles]Trapslak0(0l00^ofall口cks]Total:0StalhKO.OO^ofdlCycles)4)分支次数和百分比CandLlionalBranches：Totafc0[0,00^dalInttiuElioHt],tlwMhtaker:Li(I.UL;uhallccidE^rcke;riottakan:0(0,Q0"：ofaltord.Branched5)Load/Store指令执行情况Load-/Store-Instrueticns:Total,0(0.00^ofalHrtebuctions],^hereoJ：Loads:Q[OLOO^olLoad/Stoie-lnswuctioriijStores:0(0.00^o(Load-/5tore-Iristructions；]6)浮点指令执行次数和百分比Floatingpointstageinstructions.Total:010一口口之ofalInstructions),thereof:Addibon^:0(0.005SMFloatingpointstageirsl)Multiplications:0(OLOOSSofFloatingpoint总加9&irt&t.JDivisions:0(J,0(J>cofFlo白lingpoint总加第描口trap发生的次数和百分比Traps:Traps：0口.口。胃ofallInstructions)窗口介绍该窗口使用来观察代码运行情况。先打开Breakpoints窗口，点击窗口上方的"2kMM5来设置breakpoint,也就是设置指令运行到流水线的哪个阶段程勋停止执行。如上图，如果选择EX阶段，在Code窗口中相应的行会出现BEX即指令执行到译码结束执行开始的时候，程序将中止・实验总结通过本次试验，由于是第一次接触DLX模拟器，该试验能够帮助我对这个模拟器大致的功能及使用做个大致的了解。对于日后的实验打下好的基础。我觉得WinDLX模拟器小而精悍，它有不同颜色的标记，不同寄存器及存储器的反映。通过使用它，可以对5步流水的过程及不同阶段很清楚明白的看到。也可以看到不同指令分析走到了哪一步，到了哪一步流水段。实验二指令流水线相关性分析•实验目的通过使用WINDLX模拟器，对程序中的三种相关现象进行观察，并对使用专用通路，增加运算部件等技术对性能的影响进行考察，加深对流水线和RISC处理器的特点的理解。・实验环境WindowsXP操作系统WinDLX模拟器・实验步骤.观察程序中出现的数据/控制/结构相关。指出程序中出现上述现象的指令组合。.考察增加浮点运算部件对性能的影响。.考察增加forward部件对性能的影响。.观察转移指令在转移成功和转移不成功时候的流水线开销。1.观察程序中出现的数据/控制/结构相关；指出程序中出现上述现象的指令组合。1）数据相关如下图所示，在ClockCycleDiagram®口所想是的时空图中和Pipeline窗口中的流图中，第一次出现了R-Stalb

接下来可以点击上图中的橘色窗口，则屏幕显示lbur3,0X0(r2)要在WB周期写回r3中的数据；而下一条指令seqir5,r3,0xa要在intEX周期中读取r3中的数据。上述过程发生了WR冲突，即写读相关。为了避免此类冲突,seqr5,r4,0xa的intEX指令延迟了一个周期进行。由此，相关指令为：inputL&op0x90430000Erl吧国.0x00000179OxEaGSOOOaMEM$eqi(5/32)控制相关

CkxlcCycleDiagram；第二条命令CkxlcCycleDiagram处于intEX段；第三条指令出于aborted状态；第四条命令处于IF段。原因分析：jalInputUnsigned是无条件分支指令，但当第三个周期开始的时候，也就是jal这条指令被译码后才知道。此时，movi2fp已经执行，且将要执行的下一条命令在另外一个地址处，所以这条指令不会执行，这个时候就会发生控制相关。由此，发生控制相关的指令为：BBItTEXr0x20011000intEXaddirlMOkIOOOmoin+CMOhOcOOOOScIDialInputlUnsignedmain+0x80^00205035IFmowi2fpf1Ojl000001440xacQ21094IF"SdveFl2(rO)j23）结构相关首先，我们先来看一下执行过控制相关的时空图和Pipeline,如下图。

如下图:当我们点击Pipeline中IF所对应的框框可以看到详细的该指令执行情况,如下图:pelIFCycles:-2(3)InPipelineIMAR^PC(=riput.Loop+0Kl3)IR^MenflMAA](-Om2042QOD1)PC<-FC+4(=ir-ifnjt.Loop-»Clx1c)2Stall[s]because2stiuoturalHazard!上图表明了addir2,r2,0xi的详细信息。该指令与它前一条指令addr1,r1,r3发生了结构相关。并且由于此处的冲突，需要暂停2个周期。在ID段暂停后，则开始进图intEX段。所以这条指令(addir2,r2,0xi)你不能进入ID流水段，译码部分占用，发生了结构相关。该部分的指令为：0x000001周0x00230830addiUTrlOmODOOO!8c0w20120001addi(2j2J0m12.考察增加浮点运算部件对性能的影响。该实验取N=6首先通过-onfigurotiori，点击FloatingPointStageConfiguration来设置浮点运算部件的配置。由于实验手册上面要求Delay=4,所以我们将Delay这一栏改成4,而Count可以任意，为了对比，我们第一次浮点运算部件取全部为2,第二次浮点运算部件取全部为3。如下图所示：1FloatingPointStaQCConhqurationFloatingPointSt^g史Configur3tnnaCount:De国Lount:Delay:AdditionUnits:MdtiplicationUn<£DivisionUrih:24AdditionUrih;MultiplicationUriih:DivisionUnils:342432rj+NumberofUr<sineach□流吸1<=M<=8,Delay(DockC/cl&s]:1<=N<=50WARNING:1fyoucharigethevalues,thep1口ce/willbe(sset3utcnn日tic•帆NumtefofUnitsineach□ass:1<=M<>8,Del^y(DockCyclesl：1<=N<=50WARNING:Ifyouchanoethevalues,theprocessorwillberesetautumaticalp!|_"Cancel"」lCancel运行50个cycles之后，可以看到他们数据的对比:StatKtksTotal:50Cpcleh)ewecuted.IDeneci*E(ibv32Inslructicri(s).4In£huctiort^)Current^inPipeline.Hardwareconfigtir■己tion:Merriotysize:327GSBytesfaddEX-Stages：3,requiredCycles：4fmulEM-Stages:二,requiredCydes;4FdivEX-Stages：9,requiredCities：4ForwardingenabledStalls：RAWstals:9(13.00^ofallC/cles],thereof:LDstalls：2(22.22加ofFLAWstals)Bianch/Jimnpstalls:1(22.2丝d山M城北〕Floabngpointstalls:5(55.5B.：.ofRAWstalls]WAWstalls:0(OlOO^ofallCycles)Structural0(0.00^ofallCycles：)Controlstalls;4(8.0D^口fallCycles)Trapstalls:G02.00%ofallCycles]Tdtai；19Stall*[38l口口影oFallCycles)Cor»ditionalBranches)：Total:2[6.25翼ofalInstBuctionsjLthereof:takeri：1[5D.OQ^qFallcond,Br*ch州)nott-aken:1(50.00^ofalcomdBlanches]Load--^5tore-Lnstruetions:Total:11(34.3S?;口falInstructions],tliereof：Loads:61545唳ofLoad/Store-lnstiudions]Stores;5(45,45^ofLaad-/Store-lnstmetions)Fl口确tingpointstsgeinstructions：Tefal:1912,ofalInitrucriansjLthereof-OdKom:0(0.00^ofFloatinQpointstagerist.)M曲曲atio幅1tIOQ(舲ofHoa$gpant辛taghst)Divisions:0(V,00篇ofFloabngpointskg]Traps;Traps：2(^,25^ofalllnsliuctions)

ElElTotal：50Ci*cle(s)executed.IDexecuted助32Instruction(s).4lnstiucliori[s|currentlyinPipeline.HardvacTBconfiguration:Memorysize:327G8RylesfaddEX-Stages:2tlequiredChicles:4fmjIE^-Stages:requiredCycles:4Fdr.'E^<-&tages：:2.requiredCycles:4Foiwcirdrigenabled.GtailLs：RAWstalls：9(18,00%of8口clesLthereof-LD虱#2(22.22与。fRAW港均BisnchZJunnDstals:2(2222"ofRAW盘mlk]Floatingpointstalls;5〔55.56芯ofRAWstalls)WAVstalls0(0.00^of€llCycles)Gtuduralstalf叫口圜胃ofalC^clei)Controlstab:4(U00落ofallCjFclesJTrgp箱Ik；6(12-00^q1MC^gI&s]Totatl9Sia*](38,00^,ofalCycles]CcnditionalEranches);Total2(6.253；ofalIn&budionsLthereof-taker;1皿口叫ofallcond.Benches]notkkan:1[50.00^oFdlcondBranches]Loaid-/^itnore-Instruetioqs:Total;11(34.39^ofalInsliucHon礼thereof:Loads:E[5』5WXoFLoack/Slorelnsbuctiari^]Stores5(4545落ofLoad'/Stoie-lnsiructions]Floatingpointst^gsinstractions:Taiak1(3.12%ofalHbuctionsLtheraaf:4ddstion黎0(0.00S»ofRoahngpointstageinstjMultiplcations:1(100.00^ofFlowingpointstagem$L]division5:0(O.CO^ofFb成irygpointstageinsI)由此可见，浮点运算部件的增减对效率无影响。比较各个数据，发现没有变化。无论怎么增加浮点运算部件，统计结果都一样原因在于此程序中浮点计算化。无论怎么增加浮点运算部件，统计结果都一样原因在于此程序中浮点计算指令没有重叠，所以并行度没有增加，性能没有提高Corifigurabon中勾选enable3.考察增加forwardCorifigurabon中勾选enable为了对比有无forward部件的性能。需要在forwarding,以及不勾选enableconfiguration来看性能数据的对比。不使用forward部件:5tatKtic&可5tatKtic&Total：50匚必出]eneeuted.IDexeciMed加27In由uction闺.4Instrucliort(s)current^inPipeline.Hardwareconfiguration：Meffioiysiift：22760BytesKaddEX-Stage^Xrequir&dC^elei!4fmulEX-Slages:3_requiredCycles:4FdivEX-Slages:3,requuedCycles:4ForwaidingdisabledStalls:RAWstalls:13(2S.OO^ofall匚gleNWAWstalls0(0.00^ofall口des]Structuralstalls:Q[0,00^0fHICycles]Controlstab:3(6.00%of1alsdies]Trapsials:6(12.00^ofallCycledTold:22Sld(>][4400^ofallCycles]使用forward部件:statKtksTotal;50匚州他阂e^MUtedIDfiKecited皿骁lmtnjdtion[x].41rl苕truGli口n(宇jcurrent^inPpdire.Hardwarecon£iguration:Memorydze:颦7战G^ytesFaddEX-Stages:工reqiireclCycles:4fmulEX-Stagesc3,requredCletes：4fdivEX-Stages：3,reqiiedCj»cIesc4Forwardingenabled.Stalls:RAWs：tals:9(ISCO笈ofallCycles],thereof:LD羽怆2[22.22%ofFLAW咐rl「=irrh'Ii.f「干，引卜■[...cF:'ah|Floatingpointstalls：5|55,5G笈ofFEAW整wlk]WAWstJs:0(0.00^ofalCycles]Structural0[0.00^ofall加les)CoMid节后隔4(8QQ%dNlCaI^s)TrapWalk:£[12Q口室ofallCj)des|Total;ISStallkl阳口咦甘刮Cycles]从上面的数据我们可以看出增加forwardi部件后RAW由原来占总时钟周期的26%减少至18%,RAW个数由原来的13减少至9。增加forward部件使得控制相关比例增加了。即，使用forward部件后，总的时钟周期减少，数据相关减少，流水线的性能得到一定的改善。3.观察转移指令在转移成功和转移不成功时候的流水线开销。我们假设，浮点部件设置Count=3,Delay=4;N=6执行完毕后，查看条件转移分支，如下图所示：CcndttionalBranches）：T口晅I:El[12.12ZofallInstrLJctions）,.frieieof:taken:2（25.00^ofallccnd.Brarches]nottoken:G[冯0咤ofdcondBrandvM由上图可知，转移指令一共8条，成功转移2条（占25%）,不成功为6条c所以，静态指令调度算法只能解决数据相关，条件转移结果与原来相比没有变化。即，若转移不成功，对流水线的执行无影响，流水线的吞吐率和效率没有降低；若转移成功，则要废弃预先读入的指令，重新从转移成功处读入指令，执行效率会下降。实验总结本次试验中，主要遇见一个问题，就是在当初文件加载时没有成功，后来通过查询资料和自己的尝试，发现，在选择文件的顺序很关键，它决定了文件在存储器中出现的顺序。本次实验，主要通过对于三中相关的观察，分析出现相关时的指令，分析浮点运算部件和forward部件对性能的影响，观察转移指令在转移成功和不成功时的流水线开销，这些实验一步一步，通过WinDLX形象生动的表示，使我在实践中更加深入的认识了流水线。实验三DLX处理器程序设计实验目的学习使用DLX汇编语言编程，进一步分析相关现象实验过程A.向量加法代码及性能分析首先给据题目要求，需要熟练掌握DLX编程语言，然后根据规范格式编写向量的代码。1）向量声明VectorLength:.word16ord1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16ord1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16Result:.space4DLXStandardl/OL一…郎,二Vector-2.0000004.0000006.000000800000010700000012.00000014.00900016.0(000018.00000020.00000022.0000002400000026.00000028.0000003O.OO9OOO32.0(0000StatisticsTotal:283Cycle($)executed.IDexecutedby181ln$Uuc»ion(s).2Instiuction(s)currendyinPipeline.Hardwaireconfiguration:Memorysize:32768BytesfaddEX-Stages:1zrequiredCycles:2fmulEX-Stages:1,requiredCpcl&§:5fdivEX-Stages:1zrequiredCycles:19Forwardingenabled.Stalls:RAWstalls:32(11.31^oFallCycles),thereof:LDstalls:0(0.00%ofRAWstalls)Branch/Jumpstalls:16(50.00^ofRAWstals)Floatingpointstalls:16(50.00XofRAWstals)WAWstalls:0(0.00%ofalCycles)Structuralstalls:0(0.00^ofallCycles)Control$UII5;15(5.30^ofallCycles)Trapstalls:54(19.08%ofallCycles)Totat101Stall(s)(3570^ofallCycles)Conditiona1Branches):Totat16(884%ofalInstructionsLthereof:taken:15(9375Zofallcond.Branches)nottaken:1(6.25%ofallcondBranches)Load-^St-ore-Instruetions:Toa49(270笈ofallInstructionsLthereof:Loads:33(6735力ofLoad-/Store-lnstructions)Stores:16(32G5^ofLoad-/Slore-1nstruclionsJFloatingpointstageinstructions:Totat16(8.84^ofallInstructionsKIhereof:Additions:16(100.00^ofFloatingpointstageinst)Multiplications:0(000^ofFloatingpointstageinstJDivisions:0(00(KofFloatingpointstageinstJTraps:Trap5:18(9.94^ofallInstructions：)RAWstalls:32(11.31%ofallCpcIesbthereof:addi(14j0,0x1098trap0x5IFIT-StallIIDIntEX1MEMIWBI

Informationabouttrap0x5trap0x5IFIDAdr:Fini$h*0x8Code:0x44000005TerminaledsuccessfullyFirstCycle:-12LastCycle;-5TotalCycles:8Cycles:12⑷IernninatedsuccessfullyIMARuPC卜Finish十。xS)IR<-Mem[IMAR](=0x44000005)PC<-PC*4(=Finish*0xc)3Slalljs)becauseofTrap-Pipeline-Clearing!Cycles:-8(1]TerminatedsuccessfullySystemcalexecutedNoSEXMEMWBCjictes:-7(1)TerminatedsuccessfullyNothingtodo.NoStallsrequiredNoForwarding.Cycles:-6(1)IernninatedsuccessfullyNothingtodo.NoStallsrequired.Cycles:-5(1)TerminatedsuccessfullyNothingtodo.NoStallsrequired.rok^il・口1ITotR1.：▲283Cyclc(s)executed.IDexecutedby181ln$ULcdon(s).2Instruction(s)eurrentlpinPipeline.Hardwareconfiquration:M「mcrysi7pRytifoddEX-Stoges:1ZrequiredCycles:2fmulEX-Stages:1zrequiredCycles:5fdivEX-SfagM!1,r^quir^d19roewordingctioblcd.StalIs:RAWstolk:32(11.31%o:allCycl«)zthereof:LUstalls:□[U.UUNofHAWstalls!RrAnrh/Jumpdk，1R(SU(ID幺ofRAWctMc)riootingpointotolls:16(50.00^ofRAW“口1$)WAWstalk:01U.UU%ofallCycles)Structural^talh:0[0CIO幺erfallCycles)Cuiitrulslolls15(5.3OS5c/allCyczle^JTrapscans:34(13.06^orancycles)TotAb101Stall(t)C3570Xofall加“)ConditionalBranches):Total:1€(9.94?JofalIwlructions)^therTOf:taken.15(33.75%uloilgnd.Dianclie^Jnottaken:1(5.25zJCtallcond.Branches]Lootd-tore—Instxuetions:Iotal:48(2/.U/Nofallln$t(uction5|zthereof:Load^：23(67.35^ofLoad-/Stor©-Inchaction®)S(o<cs.1C(32.G5力ofLuad-/Stoio-Instruclion^)FLoaiti.ngpoint三tagein©truotxonu:ToloL1G(8.04^ofalIn^lrucGons)^Ihcicof.Additions:lb(lUU.UUNolhloatmapointstagemsl)MultipScdtion^:0[0.00%ofFloatingpointMag❷inctjDivisions:010.00%ofFloatingpointslcg。in*JTrap©:Trops.1。(9.94zio(oilIn5Uuction5JControlstalls:15(5.30^ofallCycles)Statistics-HlStatisticsTotal:381Cycle(s)executed.IDexecutedby181Insbuctionfsl2Instiuction(s)current^inPipeline.Hardwareconfiguration;Memerysize:32768BytesfaddE><-Stages:1zrequiredCycles:2fmuIEX-Stages;1,requiredCycles;5fdivEX-Stage§:1requiredCycles:19Forwadingdisabled.Stalls:RAWstalls:130(34.12%ofallCycles)WAWstalls:0(0.00^ofallCycles)Structuralstalls:0(0.00^ofallCycles)Controlstalls;15©.94%ofallCycles)Traprfalk:54(14.17^ofallCycle*)Total:199Stall(S)(52,23ZofalCycles)Conditiona1Branches):Total:16(884^ofallInstructionsLthereof:taken:15(93.75务ofallcond.Branches)nottaken:1(6.25Xofallcond.Branches)Load-/Store-Instrue11ons:To以49(27.07之ofalInshuctionsLthereof:Lo-ads:33(67.35^ofLoad-ZStore-ln?Uuction?)Stores:16(32.65%ofLoad-/Store-Instructions)Floatingpointstageinstructions;Total:16(884^ofalllnsfruction§)zthereof:Additions:16(10000^ofFloatingpointstageinst)MuHiplicaJiorts:0(0.00XofFloatingpointstageinstJDivisions:0(0.00%ofFloatingpointstageinst.)Traps:Traps18(3.94%ofallInstructions)IrapsLTraps：:18(9.94NofallInstructions：)ConditionalBranches):Total:16(884%ofallInstructions),thereof:taken:15(93.75%ofallcond.Branches)nottaken:1(625^ofallcondBranches)ArtOIS*®&式◎耳营匕带物左a：.double.3.7.^..H...11.2,12.3.13.^.1*..1«.9.2b:.doublr1.1v2.2»3.3,li.49S.Sv6.6,7.7,8.899.8v1O.9v11.tv12.7y13.6v1M.9v1S.1iv16.3,17.2,1t.1,19.9,20.aPrintfForiwt:.ascii?"TUPresultIs\n\ntf\ttf\tV\tlf\ttF\tV\ttF\tV\U^\tV\tXr\tV\tV\t^f\tV\tV\tX\t\nW.411yn2PrintH1^:.vordPrintFFornjtr:.space200-tMt•glob<ilzinnain:aMirl.rO.Gadduiri,re.sloop:sublr2,r1r2BtiRqzr2.n«i>»h|nulturB.rl.r*Idf0.a(r3>IdF2,b(r3)add。01,11137sdr(ra),FMaddirl,rl»1Jloopadd!rl^.re.PrintfPartrapS5D,318■DLXStandard-I/Oi乎jTheresultis3.00000013.00000023.00000033.0000004.3000007.0000009.00000011.00000015.00000017.00000018.90000021.00000025,00000027.00000029.00000031.00000035,00000037.00000038.90000041.000000Total:474Cycle©executed.IDexecutedby186lnstruction(s).2Insiruction(sjcurrentlyinPipeline.Hardwareconfiguration:Memorysize:32768Byte5faddEX-Stages:1zrequiredCycles:2fmulEX-Stages:LrequiredCycles:5FdivEX-Stages:\requiredCycles:19Forwardingdisabled.Stalls:RAWstalls:263(55.4%ofalCycles)WAWstalls:0(QOO%ofallCycles)Structuralstalls:0[Cl.00幺ofalCycles]Controlstalls:21[4.43^ofallCycles)Trapstalls:3(0.63^ofallCycles)Totat287Stall(s)(60.55^ofallCycles)ConditionalBranches):Totat21(11.23%ofallIinstructions),thereof:taken:1(4.76^ofallcond.Branches)nottaken:20(9524%ofallcondBranches)Load-/Store-Instruetions:Iotal:60(32.26%ofallInstrucdonsLthereof:Loads:40(66.G7/CofLoad-/Store-1nsiructions)Stores:20(3333^ofLoad-/Store-1nstructions)Floatingpointstageinstructions:Totat40(21.50^ofallInstructions^thereof:Additions:20(50.00%ofFloatingpointstageinst)Multiplications:20(50.00%ofFloatingpointstageinst.)Divisions:0(000^ofFloatingpointstageinst.)Traps:Traps:1(054^ofallInstructions)FAWstalls:263(55.48%ofalCycles)•21].30।・19[18]17।・16]15「1411-121T1]加।§ldK2JXi3|•dddKjg.Esd<r3V<adSifl,t1.Dr1ItopaddiriaiOLMISe心i2i1M4immiTTWlIinaanKOIStatisticsTotal:474Cycle(s)executed.IDexecutedby186lnsbuction(s).2Instruction(s)current^inPipeline.Hardwareeonfiguration:Memorysize:32768BytesfaddE^-Slages:1,requiredCycles:2fmulEX-Stages:1,requiredCycles:5fdivEX-Stages:1reqiaredCycles:19Forwardingdisabled.Stalls:RAWstalls:263〔55.48%ofallCycles)WAW$闾s:0血00%ofallCycles)Structuralstalls:0(0.00XofallCycles)Controlstalls:21(443^ofallCycles)Trapstalls:3[063%ofallCycles)Iotal:287Stall(S)(60.55之ofallCycles)Conditiona1Branches):Total:21(11.29^ofalInstructionsLthereof:taken:1[4.76^ofallcond.Branches)nottaken:20〔9524%ofallcond.Branches]Load-/Store-Instrue11ons:Tot-al:60(32.26%ofalInsbuctions),thereof;Loads:40(66.67^ofLoad-/Store-lnstructions)Stores:20(33.33^ofLoad-/Store-Instructions)Floatingpointstageinstructions:ToUl:40(2150%ofalInsbuctions),thereof:Additions:20(50.00^&Floatingpointstagein§t)Multiplicalions:20(50.00右ofFloatingpointstageinst]Divisions:0(0.00%ofFloatingpointstageinst.)Traps:Traps:1(0.54^ofallInstructions)StatisticsTotal:474Cycleh)executed.IDexecutedby186lnst(uction(sl2Instrucbon(s)currentlyinPipeline.Hardwareconfigura^ion:Memorysize:3276。BytesfaddEX-Stages:4ZrequiredCycles:2fmuEX-Stages:4ZrequiredCydes:5FdivEX-Glages:4^requiredCycles:19Forwardingdisabled.Stalls:RAWstalls:263(55.48Xo:allCycles)WAWstalls:0(0.00^ofallCycles)Structuralstalls:0(0.00^dallCycles)Controlstalls:21(4.43XofallCycles)Irapstalls:3[0.63%ofallCycles)Total:287Stal(s)(GO.55幺ofalCycles)ConditionalBranches):Told.21(11.29幺ufalIrwliuclions),thereof.taken:1(4.76Xofallcond.Branches)nottaken:20〔95.24%ofallcond.Branches)Load-/Store-Instrue11ons:Total：60(32.26然ofalInsirucbonsLthereof:Loach:40(66.67%ofLoad-7Store-lnstruction5)Stores:20(33.33^ofLoad-/Store-Instfuctions)Floatingpointstageinstructions:Total:40(21.50之ofallInshuctionsLthereof:Additions:20(50.00%ofFloatingpointstageinst)hall出■rJtcnhccG。JIlElIIIz'c£flcnhccccg卜a卜ncaIStatistics-口|StatisticsTotal:474Cycle($]executed.IDexecutedby1E6Instructionfs).2Instruction(s)cuientlyinPipeline.Hardwareconfiguration:Memorysize:32768BytesfaddEX-Stage$:1ZrequiredCycles:2fnxiIEX-Stages:1zrequiredCycles:5fdivEX-Stages:L-equiredCycles:19Forwardingdisabled.Stalls:RAWstalls:263〔55.48乞ofalCycles)WAWstalk:0(0.00^ofallCycles)Structuralstalls:0(0.00^ofallCycles)Controlstalls:21(4.43%ofallCycles)Trapstalls:3(0.63zJofallCycles)Totol:R/W.ofallUyuHiJConditionalBranches):Total:21(11.29^ofallInstructions^thereof:taken:1(4.76^ofallcond.Branches)net3kerr20(AS24幺ofallcondBranches)Load-/Store-Instruetions:Iotal:60(32.26^ofallInstfactions)zthereof:Lo^d5:40(6667%ofLoad-/Store-ln$tructions)Stores:20(3133^ofLoad-/Store-Instractions)Floatingpointstageinstructions:lotah40(21.50^ofallInstructions)zthereof:Additions:20150.00力ofFloatingpointinst.)Mukipbcations:20(50.00NofFloatingpointstageDivisions:U(llUUNotFloatingpointstageinst.JTraps:Traps:1(0.54^ofallIn$tructions)Statistics一口|ITotal:352Cyclcfs)executed.IDexecutedby186Instruction^).2InstructionlsJcurrentlyinHipehne.Hardwareconfiguration:Memorysi7-327KSByt-faddFX-51,rp-qilirpd2FmulEX・Stag—:1,requiredCycles:5fdivEXStages:VrequiredCycles:19Fmwaidiiigcrtabled.Stalls:HAWstalls:141(4U.Ub^otalCyclesLthereof:LDstalls:20(14.182ofRAWstalls)BranchZJumpstalls:21(14.89^ofRAWsials)Flo由in。nointsials,100(7092^ofRAWWAW€Ulk:0(0.003；ofallCycles)Structuralstollo:0(0.00WofallCyclo#Controlatolls:21[5.96%ofallCycles)Trapslolk.3(0.85%ofallCyclos)Total165Stall(s)(46.88%ofallCycles)Conditional.Branches):Iotab21(11.2皖ofallInstruction$Lthereof:faker1(476幺ofallcondBranches)nottaken:20(952a幺ofallcondBranches)Lookd-z'Stoiro-Instructions:Tolol60(32.26^Sofallln^Uuction5)zthcrccrf;Loads:40(66.67>£ofLoad-/Store-1n$Uuction$)Sto(es:20〔3333^ofLoad/Store。Instructions)Floatingpointstageinstructions:Total:40(21.50^ofallInstruction$Lthereof:Additions-20(500敞ofFloatingpoint*h=>geinst)Multiplications:20(50.005^ofFloatingpointctagein6.)Divisions:0(0.00^6ofFloatingpointstageinet.)Tr«ps.Trap5:1(054/；ofallInstructions)匚口口日1,110]1己1Branches)二文件不要出现中文格式，不然会Total：Z1(1129^ofdlIrsimctionsLthefeof：taken：1(4.76^ofallccnd.B国口由时notkken;2口田524%of口||cord.Benchs]文件不要出现中文格式，不然会导致加载失败（开始好几次为了方便我直接起名为“双精度浮点向量加.s”却怎么样也导入不成功）；在编写双精度浮点数运算时有些对于指令掌握不熟练，并且双精度double型运算指令，其所有的运算指令名称上面都要加上“d”才ok。而如果是单精度的，则需要添加字母“f”；其次，对于浮点数的相关设置，包括状态寄存器和浮点寄存器都需要在实验之前查资料了解透彻，不然在试验中就会有语法错误。通过此次实验我对实验二所进行的数据相关、控制相关、结构相关的性能分析做了更深入的了解，以及对于功能部件对流水线的影响，forwarding技术对流水线的影响，还有就是静态指令调度等。通过自行编写向量矢量算法，在代码中初始化两个向量，按照分量顺序进行运算。当然，如果想要改变源向量，直接处理代码中的相关数据即可。总之，该实验主要着重对浮点运算以及对于流水线的相关影响及性能分析，使我受益匪浅。实验四代码优化•实验目的学习简单编译优化方法，观察采用编译优化方法所带来的性能的提高•实验原理采用静态调度方法重排指令序列，减少相关，优化程序・实验过程选择上一个实验的向量加法运算作为优化对象。优化后的代码如下图所示当如下图所示的时候证明已经执行完毕trapQxO执行完毕后，我们点击Statistics查看运行结果数据分析StatisticsTetsl：31KCpcle(s)eweculedIDeweciMedby181InstrucUonfs].JInstiudionfsjcurrent^inPipeline.Hardwareconfiguration:Mernor^size:要在◎QytesMddEX-Stages:J,requiredCycles:_'hnulEX-St日g号£1.「匕quiredCydes;5hdivEX-Stajes:1.reqLv?dCycles:1HFowardingdi?aMed.Stalls：RAW5司室65(20.57^of曲Cyd&s]WAWstalls：□(0口口笈ofallCycles)Structuralstals：0(0.00案由浦口cleg]Controlstalls：15(475^ofallCycles)"rapst315:巧4(17,10?-ofallCycles)Total;134Std(s](42.40Xof=Cycles]ConditionalBranches);Total:16[8,84^；ofallInstrnetnns],thereof;taker：15(93.而芯cf日Icond.Branches]nottakerv1(62通of3IIccnd.Branches)tore-Instxmc*，□ns;ToUl:49(27.0721ofalInstmctionsjLthereof:Loads:33[67.35宣ofLoad'/^tore4nstructionis)Stores：16(32f5*：NLc^ddSt国金In耕ru瑞2m)Floatingpointst^geinstructions:Total:1G(8LB4^»oFalllrshuctiom]rthereof:由dd而on*:16(lOJOlKfHFloathgpoint狙驼imljMultplications:0(0.00^ofFloatingpointr$tjDivisions:0[0,00^ofFloatingpoint而g日inst.]Traps:Traps:16(9.94?：：ofalllnstiucbcns|1）程序相关性分析结果优化之后其中断数据显示为:Stalls：RAW赳哪：65(20.57^oTM卬函*]WAWstalls.0口口腾ofallCycles)Structuralshit:0(0.00^ofallCycles)Controlsialt:15(4.753Sofall匚如感]Trapsulk:54(17102：of或匚眼依可Total:134SMlll(&)(42J0^ofdCycles)优化前为:StalLs;RAWstalls：130(341诧ofallCycles)WAW客闫上0(0.00^cFallCycles]Structuralstak:0[0.00胃ofalCycles)Controlstals:15(3.94^：ofallCycles)T中若tdh；54(14.17%of1■口⑶：1-N则II回归223^ofallCycled

由上述两图对比可以看出，数据相关：其RAW相关由优化前的％减少为％，性能改善很多；结构相关没有发生改变；控制相关：由原来的％变为。底没有改善。因此，可以看出，我所进行的代码优化对性能方面改善并不是很强烈，主要影响还是在数据相关方面。2）增加浮点运算部件对性能的影响。$tatKticsStatisticsTotal：StatisticsTotal：31ECi*cle(s)executed.Iexecutedb/1S1lnstructior|s).2Instructicnfs]ClirenHyinPipeline.Hardwareccnfiguiation:Memorjsize327G0BytesfaddEX-Stages:4,requiredCycles:2fmulEK-Stage14」requved送5fdivE^-Gtajes:4,requiiedCycles:l!rForwardingdisabled.St&LLs:RAWstafc:65(20.57S或allCycles)3Mstalls0[0.00^ofallCycles)Structuralstalls-0(0.01^ofallCyd]Ccnlrol就刮工15|4而看oJalCycle打Irap就JI军54(1710岩市allCycles]Trtk134Sta㈣[424motallCjrcles)ConditionalBxanches);lot^t16(8.84^ofalInstrudionsLthaeot后31T15(9375Kofallcond.Branches]nottdken:1(G,25^afalcond.Branches)tors-1nstxvgtiqn$;Total：49(2707^ofallInstruclio^thereof:L口司由33(^7.35XoFLoad>/Sl:oiB-lrislructicn^St。再$1$〔32£52QfL^d-Z^ie-IrntfuctiondFloatingpointstageinstructions:TH0:IE但.8峨ofallInsIrudionsVthereof;Addiliorfi：16[100.00^dFloatingpointdagsirst.)Hi..lH(：liebtierri'(i'i"i'ofHcaH'igDoini："为eir?tIDivisions:□[0,00^ofFloatingpoinlstageinsL]Traps:Iraps:18(9.94^ofallInstrnctons)Total.31ECiielele)ejiecuted10CKCCUlCdby181Inslruction(s).2lnstrLichon(s]currentlyinPipehie.Hardwareesemfiguiat1an:Memorysize:327G5B^lesJaddE^-Stage5:1,feqiiedCletes：2IE^-Stages;1,requiredCycles：5IdivE^-Dlages:1,requiredCycles:19Fori^erdingdisabled.StalIs:RAW期收：65(20.57^ofHICycles]MAW5tMs;0而口口宏ofdlCycles),Structuralstalls:□(0XTofallCycles]Control^dls：15[4,75'ofallCycles)Tr■叩stalls_54[17.1(RofallCycles]Tdi134StalKs)(42.40^ofalCjvles)ConditianalBranches);Total：16(8.84^ofalInstructions),tliereot将Kune15[937旅q『□!!cond.Eranches]notUkar1(G.25/ofalcondBranchsc)L口曷己「/Stu工号一工mstHUGtiona;Totat49(2707^ofallInshuctionsJ,thereof:Loads:33(67^5^ofLoad-ZStore-1nstrudions)$0=16(32£骇3L»d7Store-In?lruction9]Floatingpointstageinstructions:Total：1E[9J4%ofalInstructions],,themhAdditions:IE[100,00,ofFloatingpointfUgerst]ML*ipications:0(0.00%ofFloatingpointstageimL)Divisions:0[00□君4Floa由gpointstageinsl)TrfipsTraps:16(9L94XofallInstructions)影响。原因为该运算过程中不存在结构相关,部件增加对于系统的性能并没有改善。影响。原因为该运算过程中不存在结构相关,部件增加对于系统的性能并没有改善。上图左图为4个浮点部件执行结果，右图为原始默认1个浮点部件执行结果。由此可以看出，其部件个数对统计结果并无因此并行度没有增加，程序影响不大，StatisticsTo.2B3Cvcle(^To.2B3Cvcle(^B>ecutedIDexecutedbv181In.ruction®MInstiuctiQnfjjcurrerf^inPipeline.Hardwareconfi.pu.r'ation,Memory好维32769BytesfaddEX-Stag&s:1,requiredCjjcles:2FmulLXGtogca.1,requiredCytlan:5fdivEX-Stages:1.requiredCycles:13Fon^ardingenabledSt-aills：RAWstalls：32[11.31^ofallCycfes].UneiEcrf:LDstab:0(0.00^ofRAWstalls)Branch/Jumpstalls:16(50.DOS,afRAWsialic]Floatingpoint■>■11:1£(50.00%ofRAWttalla]WAV/stalls0(0口旧用allCycle?)Structuralstah;□(000-ofalCycles)Controlstalls;1515.30ofallCycles)Trapst^ls:54(14加看ofalCvcles]Total:101Stall[s][35.70/.=.ofCvcleslConditionalBranches)：Total:1£(S€4%of*11Irrttrciotiorkt],lhw*cf:taken:15(S375^□(allcondBranches：]nott^kenc1〔6,2说ofallcondBranches)Lcaud—.zJStore—t-qus;Total:49(27.07^ofalInstnjctionaLthereof:Loads:33(S7.35^ofLoad/Store-lnstriKtians]Stores.16(32.S5SolLoad-ZStore-1nstructionsjFloatingpointstageInstructionsiTotat1G(084^ofallInstructions],thereof;Add-ons；15(100CO矣ofFlMtirgpoint泣切曰in5t.]Mukiplicatiorts:0(口。口名cfFloatingpointstagerist]Divisicms:0[O.OCIMatFlo日tingpointstageinst.)Traps:Trapt1门巴Q4定dllIrtthuctiont)3）增加forward部件对性能的影响。SLamucsTotal:316C^cle($]erecuted.IDexecutedby1311n玳njcth□口[事]2lnslrucl:icn(^)cuireridyinIPi|pehne.ee-on£igua^ation:Monwrysiz^32768Ryla拿faddE*£twc»T1requiredCuctes：:2FrnuEX-Stages;1..requiredCycles:5FdivEX-Stages:1requiredCycles:19Forwardingdis-abled.5LoJLL4.RAWitolls:65口口.57新ofdl□yclcs)WAW小融：0[000^ofall®*可Structuralsl,^lk-□(D00KoFaillCycles：)Controlstalls:15[4.75宠ofallCycles)Ilapstalk:54(17.1CUSofallCycdM]Total:134Slallfs][42,40^ofallCvcIesJlConditionalBranches):Total;16(8,84筹EalIrwlnjEions：工th。但口Etaken:15||92.7Sfeofoilcond.Qronehics=)nott-aJ=：.en:118.26%olallcond.Dranches-]Lo*