考研考博-英语-山东圣翰财贸职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东圣翰财贸职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Developingapeaceful,understanding,andsupportiverelationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenisnotaneasytask.Failurescananddooccuratanyagelevel,andattimestheresultsarctheabuse,neglect,andevendeathofchildren.

Childabusehasbecomeamajortopicinchilddevelopmentandanissueofmuchnationalconcern.Inthespanoffourlegislativeyears,1963-1967,allfiftystatesenactedlawscallingforthereportingofinjuriesinflictedonchildren.By1973,theUnitedStatesCongresspassedtheChildAbusePreventionandTreatmentAct(PublicLaw93-247).Thislawnotonlyreflectedthemoodofconcernedcitizens,butitalsodidmuchtoclearuptheconfusionanddisagreementoverwhatischildabuse.

Thequestion"whatcauseschildabuse?"haspromptedmuchdebate.ThesinglemostpersistentmythwhichhadplaguedeffortstounderstandcausesisthenotionthatparentswhoabusechildrenarementallydisturbedorilkAlthoughthereisnospecificpsychiatricdiagnosiswhichcomprisesthebehaviorandpersonalitiesofabuser,theyseemtoshareacommonstyleofchildrearing.Thoseparentsdemandhighlevelsofchildperformanceandtheyoftenuseseverephysicalpunishmenttoensurethechild'sproperbehavior.Abusiveparentsthemselveswereraisedinsimilarfamilysituationsandtheirownchildhoodexperiencehasalastinginfluenceontheirbehaviorasadults.

Currentresearchhassuggested,however,thatthe"abuserissick"hypothesisistoolimiteD.Abroadersocial,psychologicalapproachrecognizesthatsomepersonalproblemsareimplicitbutthatpsychologicalfactorsariseoutofasocialcontext.Socialfactorsincludeunemployment,socialisolation,andunwantedpregnancy.Moreover,findingsthatabuseoccursmorefrequentlyinlargerfamiliesandfamilieswithlowincome,pooreducation,andlowoccupationalstatussuggestthatmanysuchparentscannotwithstandthetwenty-four-hour-a-dayresponsibilitytoraiseandcarefortheirchildren.Theseproblemsaggravatethesituation,especiallywhencombinedwiththegeneralapprovalinourcultureofviolence.

1.Thisselectionsuggeststhatchildabuseis（）.

2.Wecanknowfromthesecondparagraphthatthelawpassedby1973（）.

3.Thepersonwhoisleastlikelytobeachild-abusingparentistheonewho（）.

4.Whichoneofthefollowingismostprobablyacauseofchildabuse?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistheauthormostlikelytoagreewith?

问题1选项

A.agrowingproblemwhosecausesarenotfullyunderstood

B.causedprimarilybythementalillnessofparents

C.aproblemintheUnitedStates,butagreateroneinEurope

D.easilydeterminedbecauseofrecentpubliclaws

问题2选项

A.receivedlittleattentionfromthepublic

B.wascondemnedbyabusiveparents

C.wasaimedtoexpandwelfareprogramsoftheUnitedSlates

D.helpedmuchinclarifyingtheproblem

问题3选项

A.wasraisedinabusivefamilysituationshimself

B.createsapeacefulandsupportivefamilyenvironmentforhischildren

C.isunemployedorsociallyisolated

D.ismentallyill

问题4选项

A.Toohighanincomeoftheparents

B.Unemploymentoftheparents

C.Poorhealthofthechild

D.Peculiarpersonalitiesofthechild

问题5选项

A.ViolenceonTVmaycontributetochildabuse.

B.Medicaldoctorsarelargelytoblameforunreportedcasesofchildabuse.

C.Themediashouldnotdescribethedetailsofchildabusecases.

D.Violenceinoursocietyisacceptableunlesschildrenarevictims.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知，文章首先提出虐待儿童的这个问题变得日益严重，但后面两段就其原因进行分析，没有给出一个确切的答案，所以选项A正确。

2.根据第二段的最后一句“Thislawnotonlyreflectedthemoodofconcernedcitizens,butitalsodidmuchtoclearuptheconfusionanddisagreementoverwhatischildabuse.”这项法律不仅反映了有关公民的情绪，而且为消除关于什么是虐待儿童而产生的困惑和分歧作出了很大的努力。也就是说，帮忙澄清了什么是虐待儿童的问题，所以选项D正确。

3.根据第三段的内容可知，虐待儿童的父母可能患有精神疾病或者自己本身也是在被虐待的家庭环境中长大，所以才会有虐待儿童的行为，首先排除选项A和D；根据第四段的内容可知，社会因素包括失业、社会孤立等也有可能导致父母有虐待儿童的倾向，所以选项C也不正确；选项B为孩子创造一个和平和支持的家庭环境的父母是最不可能虐待儿童的。选项B正确。

4.根据上一题可知，选项中最容易造成儿童虐待的应该是失业的父母，所以选项B正确。

5.选项A中的影视暴力在文中没有提及；选项B没有报道出来的儿童虐待案和医生没什么关系，所以错误；选项C在文中没有涉及；根据最后一段的最后一句“Theseproblemsaggravatethesituation,especiallywhencombinedwiththegeneralapprovalinourcultureofviolence.”这些问题加剧了局势，特别是在我们的暴力文化中普遍赞同暴力的情况下。由此可推断，暴力是可以被接受，只要不发生在孩子们身上，所以选项D符合原文。

2.单选题

Wagesforworkerinthepublic（

）

oftheeconomydon’talwayskeepupwiththose

forworkerintheprivateone.

问题1选项

A.branch

B.sector

C.portion

D.section

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Branch“分支”；sector“部门”；portion“部分”；section“部门”。句意：公有制企业中的工人的工资并不是总能赶上私有制企业工人的工资。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludesthewhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorU.S.nativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresenttonatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheU.S.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacing.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAU.S.$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingExcept（）.

问题1选项

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.peopleofFilipinoorigin

C.theKaLahuigroup

D.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

问题2选项

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

C.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

D.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

问题3选项

A.HeisHawaiifirstnativegovernor.

B.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

C.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

D.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

问题4选项

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

C.TheKaLahuigroup.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

问题5选项

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheU.S.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干关键词Hawaii’snativeminority可以定位到文章第二段第一句“TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.,in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文翻译为：这个群岛于1898年被美国吞并，从那时起，夏威夷土著居民的遭遇比其他种族群体的遭遇更为悲惨。可以判断只有A项“夏威夷的种族群体”正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“…sincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文大意为：自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他种族的境况更糟糕。C选项正确，符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由A，B，C选项可定位到原文第三段中“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.”，中文翻译为：由夏威夷的第一位本土官员JohnWaihee成立的主权咨询委员会对土著居民的事件起到了推动作用，该委员会建议夏威夷土著居民应该自主决定是否需要重新成立一个夏威夷主权国家。判断A，B，C选项正确，排除；D选项在文章内没有相关信息介绍，故选D。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“alessradicalattitude”可以定位到文章第四段第三句“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.”，中文翻译为：这是夏威夷事务办公室（OHA）支持的态度，OHA作为一个国家机关成立于1978年，代表着当地人民的利益，如今在面对土著居民主权运动上保持着温和的态度。故选B。

5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段“Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.”，中文翻译为：他们还希望能够要回66万公顷的夏威夷公有土地。可知夏威夷是想美国政府承认其所有权而不仅仅是更多的租金。因此B选项“更多的拖欠皇家土地的租金”符合题意。

4.单选题

TheRosettastonethwartedscholars’effortsforseveraldecadesuntiltheearlynineteenthcenturywhenseveralkeyhieroglyphicphrasesweredecodedusingtheGreekinscription.

问题1选项

A.stimulated

B.influenced

C.frustrated

D.encouraged

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。题干thwarted“阻止；阻挠”。A项“激发；激励”，B项“影响”，C项“使沮丧；阻止；防止”，D项“支持；鼓励”。因此选C。句意：罗塞塔石碑阻碍了学者们数十年的努力，直到19世纪初，希腊文字才对几个关键的象形文字进行了解码。

5.单选题

Apartfromaninteresting-lookingcarveddagger,heboxwasfullofcrockery,muchofit（）.

问题1选项

A.break

B.tobreak

C.breaking

D.broken

【答案】D

【解析】句意：除了一柄式样别致、雕有花纹的匕首外,货箱内装满陶器,而且大部分都已破碎。分词作状语,花瓶应该是被打碎的,所以用broken。

6.单选题

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearldevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunitsandagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses,allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel-variables，thatarecharacterizedbytheunderlyingcontinuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizing,orreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.

Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystem,whocometoschoolwithoutbreakfasthavebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

31.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

32.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,countinganddescribingareassociatedwith______.

33.Whydoestheauthormention“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

34.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdescriptivestatisticsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

35.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleorapopulation?

问题1选项

A.thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.applicationsofinferentialstatistics

C.thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.howtousedescriptivestatistics

问题2选项

A.inferentialstatistics

B.descriptivestatistics

C.unknownvariables

D.qualitativechanges

问题3选项

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics.

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics.

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables.

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.

问题4选项

A.Itsimplifiesunwieldymassesofdata.

B.Itleadstoincreasedvariability.

C.Itsolvesallnumericalproblems.

D.Itchangesqualitativevariablestoquantitativevariables.

问题5选项

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups.

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation.

C.Toconsiderallthequantitativevariables.

D.Totabulatecollectionsofdata.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】31.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了统计学的诞生，接着介绍了两种统计方法：描述性统计和推断性统计可以解决的问题，说明本文主要讲的是统计学的发展和应用。因此C选项“统计学的发展和使用”正确。A选项“描述性统计和推断性统计的缺点”，原文只介绍了这两者的由来，没有介绍它们的缺点，所以A错误。B选项“推断性统计的应用”，D选项“如何使用描述性统计”，原文介绍了描述性统计和推断性统计两者的应用，所以B，D错误。

32.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“countinganddescribing”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses,allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.（“母亲”对其后代统计学的影响表现在计数、测量、描述、制表、归类和人口普查，所有这些导致了现代描述统计学的诞生。），说明计数和描述与描述性统计学相关。因此B选项“描述性统计”正确。A选项“推断性统计”，C选项“未知变量”，D选项“质变”均不符合题意，所以A，C，D错误。

33.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。第一段中提到“母亲”和“父亲”用来说明统计学的诞生和起源，运用拟人的手法使文章更加生动幽默，有助于读者理解。因此D选项“以幽默、易懂的方式介绍统计学的背景”正确。A选项“指出父母可以教孩子统计”，B选项“为了介绍推断性统计”，C选项“说明变量有不同的种类”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。

34.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizing,orreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.（描述性统计是一种工具，它对极其庞杂的数据进行描述、概括或简化，使之成为可理解的东西。），说明描述性统计可以将庞杂的数据简单化。因此A选项“简化了繁杂的大量数据”正确。B选项“导致了变异性的增加”，C选项“可以解决所有的数值问题”，D选项“把定性变量变为定量变量”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

35.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.（因此，推理性统计的目的就是通过了解整个群体中一部分样本的特征，来预测和估计整个群体的特征。），说明考察样本目的是预测和估计整个群体的特征。因此B选项“预测整个群体的特征”正确。A选项“为了比较不同的群体”，C选项“考虑所有的定量变量”，D选项“将数据集合制成表格”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

7.单选题

4.

问题1选项

A.8:00.

B.8:15.

C.8:40.

D.8:45.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Arewegoingtobelate?

M:Wewillbeunlesswehurry.

W:Whendoestheshowstart?

M:At8:30.We’vegot15minutestogetthere.

Q:Whattimeisitnow?

【解析】细节题。对话指出演出在8:30，现在他们只有15分钟的时间到那儿。由此判断现在的时间是8点15分。

8.单选题

Therewereintervalswhenthesunbrokethroughtheclouds,becausetheshowerswereintermittent.

问题1选项

A.slight

B.periodic

C.enduring

D.temporary

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.slight轻微的，少量的B.periodic间发性的，周期性的

C.enduring持久的，能忍受的D.temporary暂时的，临时的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前半句句意“太阳偶尔会冲破云层”，可以推测划线单词intermittent应该表示“间歇性的，断断续续的”；B选项词义与划线单词最为接近，故本题正确答案为B选项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】因为阵雨是断断续续的，所以太阳偶尔会冲破云层。

9.单选题

Computerequipmentcanbecome

veryquicklybecausenewtechnologyemergessofast.

问题1选项

A.primitive

B.expired

C.ragged

D.obsolete

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。primitive“原始的”；expired“过期的，失效的”；ragged“粗糙的”；obsolete“淘汰的；废弃的；过时的”。句意：由于新技术的迅速出现，计算机设备可能很快就会过时。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Hequickly（

）alargefortune.

问题1选项

A.accumulated

B.compiled

C.accompanied

D.accommodated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他很快积累了一大笔财富。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Accumulate积累,増加,聚集;compile编写(书、列表、报告等),编纂,编译;accompany陪伴,伴随…发生;accommodate提供住宿,使…适应。因此A符合句意。

11.不定项选择题

The“standardofliving”ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson’sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountry’sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostitscapacitytoproducewealth.“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfood,clothing,and“services”suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry’scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andothermineral,watersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregionspossessperhapsonlyoneofthesethings,andsomeregionspossessnoneofthem.TheU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehasvastnaturalresourceswithinherborders,hersoilisfertile,andherclimateisvaried.TheSaharaDesert,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheleastwealthy.

Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.Oldcountriesthathave,throughmanycenturies,trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.Asacountrybecomeswealthier,itspeoplehavealargemarginforsaving,andcanputtheirsavingsintofactoriesandmachineswhichwillhelpworkerstoturnoutmoregoodsintheirworkingday.

1.Acountry’swealthdependsupon（

）.

2.Theword“foremost”underlinedmeans（

）.

3.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat（

）.

4.Thethirdparagraphmentionssomeoftheadvantageswhichonecountrymayhaveoveranotherinmakinguseofitsresources.Howmanysuchadvantagesarementionedinthisparagraph?

5.ThesecondsentenceinParagraph3is（

）.

问题1选项

A.itsstandardofliving

B.itsmoney

C.itsabilitytoprovidegoodsandservices

D.itsabilitytoprovidetransportandentertainment

问题2选项

A.mostimportantly

B.firstly

C.largely

D.forthemostpart

问题3选项

A.acountry’swealthdependsonmanyfactors

B.theU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld

C.theSaharaDesertisaverypoorregion

D.naturalresourcesareanimportantfactorinthewealthorpovertyofacountry

问题4选项

A.2

B.3

C.4

D.5

问题5选项

A.themainideaoftheparagraph

B.anexamplesupportingthemainideaoftheparagraph

C.theconclusionoftheparagraph

D.notrelatedtotheparagraph

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：一个国家的财富取决于……。A选项“生活水平”；B选项“他们的金钱”；C选项“他们提供商品和服务的能力”；D选项“他们提供交通和娱乐的能力”。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句话“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfood,clothing,and“services”suchastransportandentertainment.（在这个意义上，“财富”不是钱，因为我们不是靠钱生活，而是靠钱能买到的东西：“商品”如食物、衣服，“服务”如交通和娱乐），由此，不能选A，答案选C。

第2题:词义推测题。A选项“最重要地”；B选项“第一地”；C选项“大部分地”；D选项“在很大程度上”根据题干定位到第一段第二句Acountry’sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostitscapacitytoproducewealth.（因此，一个国家的生活水平首先也最重要的是取决于它创造财富的能力。）这里foremost在文中是最重要的意思，所以答案选A。

第3题:主旨大意题。A选项“一个国家的财富取决于很多要素”；B选项“美国是世界上最富有的国家之一”；C选项“撒哈拉沙漠是一个贫穷的地区”；D选项“自然资源是一个国家贫困或者富有的一个重要因素”。第二段的主旨句是第二句话Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources…（一个国家的财富在很大程度上取决于其自然资源……），后面的句子都是围绕自然资源对一个国家财富的贡献展开的，所以答案选D。其余选项在第二段虽然有提及但是不是主旨句。

第4题:事实细节题。题干第三段提到了一个国家在利用其资源方面可能比另一个国家具有的一些优势。在这一段中提到了很多这样的优点。根据题干定位到第三段倒数第二、三、五句话Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.…trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.（良好和稳定的政治条件，以及不受外国入侵的自由，使一个国家能够和平和稳定地开发其自然资源，并比另一个同样受到自然服务但秩序较差的国家创造更多的财富。……培养出大量熟练技工和技术人员的国家比那些工人大多没有技能的国家更有能力创造财富。财富也会产生财富。），稳定的政治环境，熟练的技术，自身的财富积累，第三段列举了这三个原因，所以答案选B。战火或者敌国入侵是政局不稳定的原因。

第5题:判断推理题。A选项“该段的主旨”；B选项“一个支持段落主旨的例子”；C选项“段落的结论”；D选项“与段落无关”。根据文章定位到第三段第二句话ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswasunabletodevelopherresources.（中国也许和美国一样拥有丰富的自然资源，但是遭受了多年的内战和外部战争，由于这个和其他原因，无法开发它的资源）。从句是在描述一个事情所以不可能是主旨或者结论，一个段落中的句子不可能和句子无关，所以答案选B。该句主旨句为Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.（仅次于自然资源的是利用它们的能力。），紧接着第二句就是中美之间的例子，由此可知这第二句是支持论点的论据。

12.填空题

Higherinterestratesmakeitmoreexpensivetoborrowmoney,________peoplefrombuyingnewhomesorstartingnewconstructionprojects.(courage)

【答案】discouraging

【解析】【考查点】动词。

【解题思路】逗号前为完整的句子，横线所在内容应为非谓语动词。逗号前说到借贷更加昂贵，后面说______人们购买新房或开工建设新项目，可知前者打击后者积极性，是主动关系，一方面动词应为现在分词，一方面动词discourage的意思为“使灰心，使泄气”，符合题意。因此此处应为discourage的现在分词discouraging。

【句意】利率更高让借贷更加昂贵，使人们不愿购买新房或开工建设新项目。

13.单选题

Myneighbortendedtoreactinaheatand（）way.

问题1选项

A.impetuous

B.impertinent

C.imperative

D.imperceptible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。impetuous“性急的，鲁莽的”；impertinent“无关的，不恰当的，不相干的”；imperative“必要的，紧急的，极重要的”；imperceptible“察觉不出的，感觉不到的”。句意：我邻居倾向于用一种激烈、鲁莽的方式做出反应。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Whatcouldbemorefrighteningthanaburstoflightningonasummerafternoon?Theskygoesdark,theairgoescold.Then,outofnowherethereisaburstofblindinglightandadeafeningroar,andtheworldiscompletelycoveredinwater.Nowonderancientmanthoughtthatlightningwastheworkofthegods.

Modernscientistsarestillveryimpressed."It'sthemostscaringandmostspectacularthingIknow,”saysMartinUman,professorofelectricalengineeringattheUniversityofFloridaandauthorofseveralbooksonlightning.

Thebolts（闪电）thatcutthroughtheairarereallychannelsforelectricalenergy.Theymeasureabout2inchesacross.Theirlengthmaybeasshortas70metresoraslongas20kilometres.Theyspeedthroughtheairnearlyhalfthespeedoflight.Thisissofastthatwecannotseethattheboltactuallytravelsfromthegrounduptotheclouds.Inthatshortinstant,theelectricityheatstheairaroundituptofivetimesthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun.

Althoughthree-quartersofthebolt’senergyisusedupinheat,enoughremainstodeliverafull125millionvolts（伏特）ofelectricity.Ifithitsatree,theblastinstantlyboilsthesap（树液）sostronglythatthetreeexplodes.Lightninghassometimesmadehugeholesinthegroundandcuthugerocksintotwo.

Althoughonehundredlightningboltsshaketheeartheverysecond—that's8millionaday—noonehasfoundawaytouseallthiselectricity.

Lightninghasmanydisadvantages.Itstartsmillionsofforestfiresanddestroyspropertyworthmillionsofdollarseveryyear.Itisthemajorreasonforelectricityfailures.Butitsbiggestthreatistohumanlife.Lightningkillsmanypeoplebystoppingtheirheartorbreathingwithitselectrichammer.

1.Whydidearlymanthinklightningcomefromthegods?

2.Inwhatwaydoesthebolttravel?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage（）.

4.Whycan’twemakeuseoflightning?

5.What'sthetemperatureoftheairheatedbylightning?

问题1选项

A.Becausehewasfrightened.

B.Becauseitbroughtlight.

C.Becauseitbroughtwatertotheground.

D.Becauseitburstedsuddenlyinthesky.

问题2选项

A.Inalldirections.

B.Fromtheskytotheground.

C.Fromthegroundtothesky.

D.Acrossthesky.

问题3选项

A.Lightningkillslargenumbersofpeopleeveryyear.

B.Lightningisthecauseofmillionsofforestfires.

C.Lightningcausesmillionsofdollars’worthofdamageeveryyear.

D.Lightninghelpstoproducecertainnitrogencompounds.

问题4选项

A.Becausemostoftheenergyfromlightningisconsumedinheatingtheairaroundit.

B.Becausethedurationoflightningistooshort.

C.Becauseitistoodangeroustostoreitsenergy.

D.Becausewehavenotfoundanyefficientwaytocollectitsenergy.

问题5选项

A.It’sashotasthesurfaceofthesun.

B.It’shotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.

C.It’snotsohotasthesurfaceofthesun.

D.It’ssometimeshotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段首句提及“还有什么比夏天下午的闪电更可怕的呢?”接着后面主要描述闪电是如何让人感到害怕的，最后在第一段末句说到“难怪古人认为闪电是神的杰作。”由此可知，早期人们认为闪电来自于神是由于它让人感到害怕，所以选项A正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段第五句“Thisissofastthatwecannotseethattheboltactuallytravelsfromthegrounduptotheclouds.这是如此之快，以至于我们无法看到闪电实际上是从地面飞到云层上的。”由此可知，选项C正确。

3.细节事实题。根据最后一段的内容“闪电有很多缺点。它每年引发数百万起森林火灾，毁坏价值数百万美元的财产。它还是电力故障的主要原因。但它最大的威胁是人类的生命。闪电通过电锤使人的心脏停止跳动或呼吸停止，许多人因此丧命。”由此可知，选项A、B、C在原文均有提及，只有选项D不是文章中的观点，所以本题选D。

4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的内容“尽管每秒钟有一百个闪电震动地球，也就是一天八百万次，但是没有人找到使用所有这些电能的方法。”也就是没有有效的办法收集电能，所以选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“Inthatshortinstant,theelectricityheatstheairaroundituptofivetimesthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun.在那一瞬间，电流将周围的空气加热到太阳表面温度的五倍。”也就是比太阳表面的温度还要高，所以选项B正确。

15.单选题

Certainanimalbehaviors,suchasmatingrituals,seemtobe_______，andtherefore____externalfactorssuchasclimatechanges,foodsupply,orthepresenceofotheranimalsofthesamespecies.

问题1选项

A.learned...immuneto

B.innate...unaffectedby

C.intricate...belongto

D.specific...confusedwith

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义和动词词组解析。learned“有学问的”；innate“与生俱来的”；intricate“复杂的，错综的”；specific“明确的，详细的”。immuneto“不受……影响的”；unaffectedby“不受影响的”；belongto“属于”；confusedwith“对……困惑”。句意：一些动物的行为，比如交配行为，似乎是与生俱来的，不受外来因素影响的，比如气候变化，食物供给或者同一物种其他动物的存在。选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

Theteachersofthecollegearemakinggreateffortsto（

）intheirstudentsthehabitofspeakingEnglish.

问题1选项

A.cultivate

B.accomplish

C.assist

D.require

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。cultivate“培养，陶冶”；accomplish“完成，实现”；assist“帮助”；require“需要，要求”。句意：这所大学的老师花很多努力培养学生说外语的习惯。A项符合题意，答案A

17.不定项选择题

Wedonotknowwhenmanfirstbegan