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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-太原旅游职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Thementalcommoditymostdemandwillbepracticalwisdomratherthanspecialized(
).
问题1选项
A.experiment
B.expertise
C.witness
D.cleverness
【答案】D
【解析】名词辨析题。A选项experiment“达到,实现”;B选项expertise“要求”;C选项witness“获得,学到”;D选项cleverness“询问”。句意:人们最需要的精神产品将是实用的智慧,而不是小聪明。选项D更符合语境。
2.单选题
MartinLutherKing()himselfasanonviolentcivilrightsleaderwhowasrespectedgreatlybytheAmericanBlack.
问题1选项
A.recognized
B.distinguished
C.differentiated
D.separated
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项recognized“认识;意识到”,为及物动词;B选项distinguished“辨别;使出名”,与as搭配,意为“以……而著名”;C选项differentiated“区分;使有差别”;D选项separated“分开;隔开”。句意:马丁•路德金作为非暴力民权运动领导人而闻名,并且受到美国黑人的极大尊敬。根据后面的定语从句whowasrespectedgreatlybytheAmericanBlack“受美国黑人的尊敬”可知他是有名的,而且广受黑人关注。因此B选项符合题意。
3.单选题
“TheLastSupper”iswidelyregardedasLeonardodaVinci’s().
问题1选项
A.mouthpiece
B.mastermind
C.masterpiece
D.mastery
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。mouthpiece“代言人”;mastermind“优秀策划者,幕后操纵者”;masterpiece“杰作”;mastery“精通,掌握”。根据句意:《最后的晚餐》被广泛认为是达•芬奇的杰作。选项C符合句意。
4.翻译题
TheclimateofAustraliavariesgreatlyfromregiontoregion,withatropicalclimateinthenorth,anaridorsemiaridclimateinmuchoftheinterior,andatemperateclimateinthesouth.Despitethesevariations,themoderatinginfluenceofthesurroundingoceansandtheabsenceofextensivehighmountainrangeshelppreventmarkedextremesofweather.However,someareasoccasionallyexperienceextremeweatherconditions,suchastropicalcyclones,tornadoes,andseveredrought.
BecauseAustraliaisintheSouthernHemisphere,itsseasonsarethereverseofthoseintheNorthernHemisphere.Seasonalvariations,onthewhole,aresmall.Generally,coastalandhighlandareas,especiallyinthesoutheast,arecoolerthaninteriorlocations,andthenorth,particularlythenorthwesterncoast,isthehottestregion.ThetemperateregionsofsouthernAustraliahavefourseasons,withcoolwintersandwarmsummers.
【答案】澳大利亚的气候因地区而异,北部为热带气候,内陆大部分地区为干旱或半干旱气候,南部为温和气候。尽管有这些变化,但周围海洋的缓和影响和没有广泛的高山山脉有助于防止明显的极端天气。然而,一些地区偶尔会经历极端天气条件,如热带气旋、龙卷风和严重干旱。
因为澳大利亚在南半球,它的季节与北半球相反。总的来说,季节变化很小。一般来说,沿海和高原地区,尤其是东南部,比内陆地区凉爽,而北部,尤其是西北海岸,是最热的地区。澳大利亚南部的温带地区四季分明,冬冷夏暖。
5.单选题
Nobodyisabletoexplainthe______ofthiscommonly-usedexpression.
问题1选项
A.beginning
B.starting-point
C.foundation
D.origin
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项beginning“(事情或过程的)的开始”;B选项starting-point“(讨论或过程的)起点;(旅行的)出发点”;C选项foundation“基础”;D选项origin“起源”。句意:没有人能解释这个常用表达的________。根据语境,这里指没有人能解释这个常用表达是哪里来的,所以origin“起源”符合题意。因此D选项正确。
6.单选题
Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell.
Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theygood-natured,co-operativecreaturesandtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.dewaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbecamemarkedlydifferent.
Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumber).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytocatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemaleCapuchin.
Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,arcguidedbysocialemotions,inthewild,theyareacooperative,grouplivingspecie.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.
1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby(
).
2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraph1)impliesthat(
).
3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausethey
(
).
4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys
(
).
5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
问题1选项
A.posingacontrast
B.justifyinganassumption
C.makingacomparison
D.explainingaphenomenon
问题2选项
A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals
B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature
C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother
D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions
问题3选项
A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget
B.attentivetoresearcher’instructions
C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament
D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions
问题4选项
A.prefergrapestocucumbers
B.canbetaughttoexchangethings
C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated
D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers
问题5选项
A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.
B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.
C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.
D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到每个人都希望加薪,但是当知晓别人加的工资比自己要多时愉悦感消失殆尽(Yetpleasureyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone)。随后又提到这种心理在猴子中也存在(suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell)。可知在此处作者是将人类与猴子进行对比,因此选项C“做比较”符合题意。
2.判断推理题。题目问的是“第一段最后一句‘猴之常情’暗示着什么”。第一段提到当人发现那个比自己加薪多的人消极怠工时,会感到愤怒(Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged),这种行为被认为是“人之常情”(alltooman),在猴子的世界里也是如此,说明猴子看到不公平的事情时也会愤怒,这是天性。因此,选项B符合题意。
3.细节事实题。文章第二段提到跟人类女性一样,它们比雄性更关注“品质与服务”的价值(Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales),这也是它们成为研究对象的原因。因此,选项A“更倾向于它们得到了什么”符合题意。
4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第二句话提到稳定合作只有在它们觉得自己没被欺骗才会出现(Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated),所以选项C“当发现被欺骗这种合作会破裂”符合题意。
5.判断推理题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到这种公平感是卷尾猴和人类各自演化而来还是来自3500万年前他们共同的祖先,这个问题暂时还没有答案(However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion),选项B符合题意。
7.单选题
Foxesandfarmershavenevergotonwell.Thesesmalldog-likeanimalshavelongbeenaccusedofkillingfarmanimals.Theyareofficiallyclassifiedasharmfulandfarmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem.
Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.Huntingconsistsofpursuingafoxacrossthecountryside,withagroupofspeciallytraineddogs,followedbymenandwomenridinghorses.Whenthedogseventuallycatchthefoxtheykillitorahuntershootsit.
Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport;theywearaspecialuniformofredcoatsandwhitetrousers,andfollowstrictcodesofbehavior.Butowningahorseandhuntingregularlyisexpensive,somosthuntersarewealthy.
Itisestimatedthatupto100,000peoplewatchortakepartinfoxhunting.Butoverthelastcoupleofdecadesthenumberofpeopleopposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(残酷的),hasrisensharply.Nowadaysitisrareforahunttopassoffwithoutsomekindofconfrontation(冲突)betweenhuntersandhuntsaboteurs(阻拦者).Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.
Noisyconfrontationsbetweenhuntersandsaboteurshavebecomesocommonthattheyarealmostasmuchapartofhuntingasthepursuitoffoxesitself.Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.
1.RichpeopleinBritainhavebeenhuntingfoxes____________.
2.WhatisspecialaboutfoxhuntinginBritain?
3.Foxhuntingopponentsofteninterfereinthegame____________.
4.AnewlawmaybepassedbytheBritishParliamentto____________.
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____________.
问题1选项
A.forrecreationC.tolimitthefoxpopulation
B.C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.
C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.intheinterestsofthefarmers
D.toshowofftheirwealth
问题2选项
A.Itinvolvestheuseofadeadlypoison.
B.Itisacostlyeventwhichrarelyoccurs.
C.Thehuntershavesetrulestofollow.
D.Thehuntershavetogothroughstricttraining.
问题3选项
A.byresortingtoviolence
B.byconfusingthefoxhunters
C.bytakinglegalaction
D.bydemonstratingonthescene
问题4选项
A.prohibitfarmersfromhuntingfoxes
B.forbidhuntingfoxeswithdogs
C.stophuntingwildanimalsinthecountryside
D.preventlarge—scalefoxhunting
问题5选项
A.killingfoxeswithpoisonisillegal
B.limitingthefoxpopulationisunnecessary
C.huntingfoxeswithdogsisconsideredcruelandviolent
D.fox-huntingoftenleadstoconfrontationbetweenthepoorandtherich
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:B
第5题:C
【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport(参加打猎的人认为它是一项运动)和最后一句somosthuntersarewealthy(所以大多数猎人都很富有),可知在英国夫人猎狐是为了消遣,所以A选项“为了消遣”正确,D选项“炫耀他们的财富”错误。B选项“因为农民的利益”:文章没有提到富人和农民在猎狐方面的关系。C选项“限制狐狸数量”:根据第二段第一句Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.(农民也可以要求当地狩猎服务来控制狐狸的数量。),可知限制狐狸数量不是富人猎狐的目的,故错误。因此A选项正确。
2.推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.(如果法律通过,像狐狸这样的野生动物将受到英国禁令的保护)和第二句Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.(但今年,猎狐运动的支持者面临着更大的威胁),可知在英国,法律正在讨论猎狐运动的问题,对应C选项“猎人设定了要遵守的规则”这一选项,故正确。A选项“使用致命的毒药”:根据第一段最后一句farmers…shootingorpoisoningthem(农民们射杀或毒害它们),可知这是在各地的普遍的现象,不是英国特有,故错误。B选项“这花费高昂,很少发生”:文章提到猎户运动花费高昂,但没有说很少举办,另外农民猎狐花费不高,故错误。D选项“猎人必须经过严格的训练”:这是普遍现象,不止在英国,故错误。因此C选项正确。
3.语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.(有时这些猎狐行为引发暴力行为,但大多数对手会误导猎手,扰乱狗对狐狸气味的追踪,从而干扰狩猎。),猎手的对手通过误导猎手来干预比赛,所以B选项“迷惑猎狐者”正确。A选项“依靠暴力”:暴行是干预以后可能导致的结果。C选项“起诉”:通过法律途径看要不要继续猎狐运动不能在赛场干预对手,故错误。D选项“现场演示”:文章没有提及,故错误。因此B选项正确。
4.事实细节题。根据第五段第三句ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.(议会工党成员迈克•福斯特正试图使议会通过一项新法律,该法律将规定用狗捕猎野生动物为非法行为。),可知C选项“在乡下停止捕猎野生动物”正确。A选项“禁止农民猎狐”,B选项“禁止用狗猎狐”和D选项“禁止大规模猎狐”在这里没有提到,故错误。因此B选项正确。
5.语义推测题。A选项“用毒药杀死狐狸是违法的”:根据第五段第三句istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal(正试图使议会通过一项新法律,该法律将规定用狗捕猎野生动物为非法行为),文章提到禁止用狗捕猎野生动物的法律有可能通过,没有说毒死狐狸违法,故错误。B选项“不必限制狐狸的数量”:根据第一段最后一句farmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem(农民们试图通过射杀或毒害它们来减少它们的数量),农民捕杀狐狸以减少狐狸数量,没有提到不必要这样做,故错误。C选项“用狗打猎狐狸被认为是残忍和暴力的”:根据第四段第二句opposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(许多人反对猎狐,因为他们认为这很残酷),猎狐是用狗猎狐,所以正确。D选项“猎狐经常导致穷人和富人之间的对抗”:在文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。
8.翻译题
Asafashionableleisureactivity,travelingisfavoredbyagrowingnumberofpeople.Duetotherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theimprovementoflivingstandardandthegovernment’ssupportoftourism,travelingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Travelinghasgraduallybecomeanessentialpartofpeople’sdailylife.Onholidays,numerousChinesetouristswouldswarmintoscenicspotsacrosstheworld.Whentraveling,peoplecanbroadentheirhorizons,enrichtheirknowledgeandappreciatebeautifulnaturallandscapes,whichwouldeventuallyhelptorelaxthemselvesphysicallyandmentally.
【答案】旅游作为一种时尚的休闲活动,为越来越多的人所喜爱。经济的迅猛发展、生活水平的提高,以及政府对旅游业的支持使得旅游在中国越来越流行。旅游已逐步成为人们日常生活必不可少的部分。每逢假期,大批的中国游客就会涌入世界各地的景点。旅游时人们可以开阔视野,增长知识,欣赏大自然的美丽风光,最终得以放松身心。
9.单选题
PeoplewithADHDhavedifficultykeepingtheirmindsononething;theymayrunintothestreetwithoutlooking,(
)inappropriatecommentsinclass,andinterruptconversations.
问题1选项
A.blurtout
B.breakinto
C.makeout
D.crushout
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。blurtout意为“脱口而出”;breakinto意为“闯入”;makeout意为“理解,看出”;crushout意为“扑灭,熄灭”。
句意:多动症患者很难把注意力集中在一件事上;他们会不看路就跑到街上去,在班级里脱口而出不合适的言论,也会打断谈话。
10.翻译题
Inthissection,thereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethepassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.
Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?
Don’tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon’tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations--trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering--havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.
Thisisn’ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn’tgosowellforLuddites(反对技术进步者)whosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.
Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigorsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.
【答案】在中产阶级面临的诸多恼人挑战中,有一个很可能在下届总统竞选中会被忽视:当机器人来抢饭碗时会发生什么?
不要完全排除这种可能性。牛津大学的一项研究显示,美国约有一半的工作面临着被自动化取代的高风险,中产阶级受到了不成比例的挤压。像园艺或日托这样的低收入工作对机器人没有吸引力。但许多中产阶级的职业卡车运输、金融咨询、软件工程已经引起了他们的兴趣,或者很快就会引起他们的兴趣。富人拥有机器人,所以他们会没事的。
这不是危言耸听。乐观主义者指出,技术变革在过去曾使工人受益。工业革命对反对技术进步者来说并不那么顺利,他们的工作被机械化的织布机取代了,但工业革命最终提高了生活水平,创造的就业岗位比被摧毁的要多。同样,自动化最终应该会提高生产率,通过压低价格来刺激需求,让工人从繁重、乏味的工作中解脱出来。但从中期来看,中产阶级工人可能需要大量帮助来进行调整。
未来几年,技术将大大小小的改善社会,但对于那些发现自己的生活和事业被自动化颠覆的人来说,这并不是什么安慰。摧毁那些为我们工作而来的机器将是疯狂的。但帮助工人适应的政策将是不可或缺的。
11.单选题
Whatyouhavedoneis______thedoctor’sorders.
问题1选项
A.subjectto
B.opposite
C.resistantto
D.contraryto
【答案】D
【解析】考查词义辨析。A项subjectto“使服从,使遭受”,B项opposite“相反的,对面的”,C项resistantto“对……有抵抗力,耐……的”,D项contraryto“与……相反”。根据关键词doctor’sorders“医生的命令”和选项可知,空格处表示“违反,相反”符合句子意思。句意:你所做的与医生的命令是相反的。因此,该题选择D项正确。
12.单选题
John______betterthantogoswimmingrightaftereating.
问题1选项
A.shallknow
B.shouldn’tknow
C.hasknown
D.shouldhaveknown
【答案】D
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:你应该知道不能吃完饭就去游泳。根据John在之前就know刚吃完饭不能游泳,对现在有影响,确定用现在完成时;结合语境,这里指本来就该知道,加上情态动词should后句意通顺,D选项shouldhaveknown符合题意。A选项shallknow中shall意思为“将要”,不符合题意。B选项shouldn’tknow不符合题意。因此D选项正确。
13.单选题
Beingsomewhatshort-sighted,Sallyhasdevelopedthehabitof
atpeople.
问题1选项
A.peering
B.gazing
C.glancing
D.scanning
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。四个单词均有“看”的意思,但又有区别。Peer指当看不清时仔细去端详;gaze表示由于对某事物感兴趣或者惊讶而注视;glance表示快速地瞥一眼;scan表示非常仔细地察看某事物。根据前半句的意思“由于她近视”,因此可知选项A符合题意。句意:由于有点近视,萨丽养成了盯着他人看的习惯。
14.单选题
Automaticfirealarms,()smokedetector,areinstalledinalmostallpublicbuildings.
问题1选项
A.suchastheubiquitous
B.soubiquitous
C.theubiquitous
D.soastheubiquitous
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词辨析。C选项缺少连词,排除C。A选项suchas“比如”;B选项so“所以”;D选项soas“为了”。句意:几乎所有的公共建筑都安装了自动火灾报警器,如无处不在的烟雾探测器。因此A选项正确。
15.单选题
Green-spacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreen-spacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreen-spaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.Astothisrathercomplexsubject,Ishall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.
Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintownandcountryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionfor,formsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.
Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreatifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.
1.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided().
2.Accordingtotheauthor,green-spacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat().
3.Themainideaofthepassageisthat().
4.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreen-paceintheurbanenvironment().
问题1选项
A.inspecialareas
B.inthesuburbs
C.ingardensandparks
D.intheneighborhoodofthehouse
问题2选项
A.recreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes
B.moreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothem
C.anincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedeveloped
D.moreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspect
问题3选项
A.prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities
B.attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities
C.theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreativeactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago
D.betteruseofgreen-spacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife
问题4选项
A.hasbeenfullyrecognized
B.isbeingcloselystudied
C.isusuallyneglected
D.isstillunknown
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:D
第3题:D
第4题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为绿地空间的娱乐发展可能性怎样?”文章第二段提到因为娱乐方式远离居住区,而花在提高居住小区娱乐发展可能性方面的注意力很少(whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome),因此选项D符合题意。
2.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为绿色空间设施应该怎么样设计?”文章第二段最后一句话提到这些娱乐设施的设计需要能够使得更多的强制性活动也有娱乐的一面(thedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect),因此选项D符合题意。
3.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章的主要思想是什么?”本文主要讲述了绿地设施的娱乐功能。首先通过介绍绿地设施引出话题,然后运用城乡规划的居住区、工作区、交通和娱乐分离的理论所造成的不足,强调通过提高居住区娱乐发展可能性来改善居民生活,因此选项D“更好地利用绿地设施来提高生活水平”符合题意。
4.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来,绿色空间在城市环境中的重要性……”。文章第一段提到目前人们已经广泛认可了绿地设施的好处,虽然是一种不证自明的说法,还并不是一种经过严密推理的科学证明(Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof),因此选项A“被广泛接受”符合题意。
16.单选题
Myauntlosthercatlastsummer,butit()aweeklateratahomeinthenextvillage.
问题1选项
A.turnedup
B.turnedin
C.turnedon
D.turnedout
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turnup“出现,发现,折起”;turnin“上缴,出卖”;turnon“打开,发动”;turnout“结果是,证明是”。句意:去年夏天我姨妈的猫丢了,但是一周后它出现在邻村的一户人家里。选项A符合题意。
17.单选题
Onthesideofthehill,thereisa______whichwasoncetheentrancetoagoldmine.
问题1选项
A.deepholeinground
B.holedeepinground
C.deepholeintheground
D.deepinthegroundhole
【答案】C
【解析】【选项释义】
A.deepholeingroundB.holedeepinground
C.deepholeinthegroundD.deepinthegroundhole
【答案】C
【考查点】搭配。
【解题思路】hole是名词,deep是形容词,故deep应该放在hole前面,而intheground是固定搭配,表示“在地下”,所以该题选择C项。
【干扰项排除】
A项inground用法不正确,故排除;
B、D项不符合句子语法结构。
【句意】在山的一边,有一个深洞在地面上,这个洞曾经是金矿的入口。
18.单选题
Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Jobcandidatescanrespondfreelyduetoitsopen-endednature.
B.Jobcandidatesrarelytakeitseriously.
C.Jobseekersoftenfeelatalosswheretostartinansweringit.
D.Jobseekerstendtohaveareadyanswer.
问题2选项
A.Dotheirbesttoimpresstheinterviewer.
B.Followtheircareercoaches’guidelines.
C.Strivetotakecontroloftheirnarrative.
D.Repeattheinformationontheirresume.
问题3选项
A.Toproduceexamplesfordifferentinterviewquestions.
B.Toidentifyabroadgeneralstrengthtoelaborateon.
C.Toreflectontheirpastachievementsaswellasfailures.
D.Todiscussimportantdetailstheyaregoingtopresent.
问题4选项
A.Gettingacquaintedwiththehumanresourcespersonnel.
B.Tailoringtheirexpectationstothecompany’slong-termgoal.
C.Findingoutwhythecompanyprovidesthejobopening.
D.Figuringoutwhatbenefitsthecompanyisabletoofferthem.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
【解析】RecordingThree
“Tellmeaboutyourself”mayseemlikeaneasyjobinterviewquestion.[22]Buttheopen-endednatureofthisquestionoftenleavesjobseekersatalosswheretostart.
Thiscommonquestionisactuallyacriticaltestofajobcandidate’scommunicationskills.Soit’simportantnottogiveanunpreparedresponseormessitup.“Tellmeaboutyourself”isoftenthefirstquestionprofessionalcareercoachespreparepeopleforwhentheygiveinterviewguidance.It’stheopportunityforthecandidatetotakecontrolofthenarrativeandtelltheirstoryinawaythatreallymatterstotheiraudience.Ittakeshardworkandextensivepreparationtoanswerthisquestionwell.
Whenapersongoestoajobinterview,theirinterviewerhaspresumablyreadtheirresume,sotheydon’tneedtorepeattheinformation.[23]Butthat’swhatmostpeoplewilldoasit’stheirinstincttorecitethingsthatarealreadyontheirresume.It’simportantforjobseekerstodotheirhomeworkontwocrucialaspects.
First,theyarenotjusttellingsomeonethefactaboutthemselves;theyaretellingastoryandstoriestakeworktocreate.Comingupwithagoodstorymeansgettingreflectiveaboutwhatmadetheircareeraccomplishments,somethingthey’reproudof,andwhatstrengthsthoseaccomplishmentshighlight.Candidatesshouldn’tpickabroadgeneralstrengthtoelaborateonsuchas“I’msmart”,“Iworkhard”and“Igetthingsdone”.[24]Tocomeupwithmultiplecareeraccomplishmentsorexamplesfordifferentinterviewquestions,jobseekersshouldtalkwithothers,especiallypeoplewhoknowthem—partners,friendsorco-workers—whowillbringupdifferentstoriesthantheonestheyremember.
Secondly,[25]candidatesshouldknowwhat’satstakeforthecompanywiththisjobopening.Whattheyreallyareaskingyouis“Tellmewhyyouaregoingtohelpme”.Ifthepersonisapreparedcandidate,theyshouldhavealreadyfiguredoutthosethings—theyreadthejobdescriptionandresearchedthecompanyontheInternet.Whatjobapplicantsoughttobelookingforiswhatthecompanyisuptoyou,whatthey’retryingtoaccomplishandwhatispreventingthemfromaccomplishingthosethings.
Howlongshouldittaketoanswer?Aroundaminute.That’saboutrightformostpeople’sattentionspans.Underaminutecouldseemrushed,whileovertwominuteswillstarttofeelmorelikeaspeech.Butthelengthoftheanswerisnotanexactscience,andcandidatesneedtokeeptheircareerstoryfocusedandtailoredtotheiraudience.
22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthejobinterviewquestion“Tellmeaboutyourself”?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题目问对于求职面试问题“请介绍一下你自己”,说话者是怎么说的?录音开头提到,“请介绍一下你自己”这个问题是开放性的,经常导致求职者不知从何说起,C选项“求职者经常不知道从哪里开始回答这个问题”与原文表述相符,因此正确。A选项“因为该问题是开放性的,所以求职者可以自由回答”,录音中提及千万不要在没有准备的情况下给出回答,因此A选项不正确;B选项“求职者很少认真对待”在录音中没有信息提及;D选项“求职者通常有一个准备好的回答”与录音表述恰好相反,因此排除。
23.Whatwillmostpeopledowhentheycometoajobinterview?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问当参加工作面试时,大多数人会怎么做?录音说,大多数人出于本能地背诵简历上的内容。D选项中的Repeat是对录音原文中recite的同义替换,因此正确。A选项“尽力给面试官留下好印象”是面试需要做的事情,但不是大多数人会做的事情,与题干不符,因此不正确;B选项“遵循职业教师的指导”利用careercoaches设置干扰,录音中并没有提及大多数人会听从职业教师的意见,因此不正确;C选项“努力控制他们的叙述”,录音说到“介绍一下自己”这个问题是个掌控谈话场面的机会,但不是大多数人能做到的事情,因此也可排除。
24.Whyshouldjobseekerstalkwithpartners,friendsandco-workers?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问求职者为什么要与合作伙伴、朋友和同事交谈?录音提到,要为不同的面试题目提供自己在工作上的若干个成就或例子,求职者应与他人交流,特别是熟悉他们的人,如工作伙伴、朋友或同事,他们能提供与求职者记忆中不同的故事。A选项“为不同的面试问题提供例子”是对此信息的概括,因此正确。B选项“确定一个笼统的优点来阐述”是说话者否定的做法,因此不正确;C选项“对过去的成就及失败进行反思”和D选项“讨论他们要介绍的重要细节”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此排除。
25.Whatotherimportantpreparationsshouldjobseekersmakebeforeaninterview?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题目问求职者在面试前还应做哪些重要准备?在谈及第二个关键方面时,录音说到,求职者应了解这个职位空缺对公司的利害关系是什么,公司其实想问的是,“跟我说说你为什么能帮助我?”C选项“弄清楚公司为何提供这个职位空缺”与原文内容表述相符,因此正确。A选项“熟悉人力资源人员”;B选项“根据公司的长期目标调整自己的期待值”和D选项“弄清楚公司能为他们提供什么福利”在录音中均没有信息提及。
19.单选题
Thenuboftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asin
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