考研考博-英语-安顺职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安顺职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Whendustsintheskyareatlevelswherelittleairisinmotion,theydonot_______formanyyears.

问题1选项

A.dismiss

B.disguise

C.disgrace

D.disperse

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“dismiss”意为“解散；解雇；开除；让……离开；不予理会”；B选项“disguise”意为“掩饰；假装；隐瞒”；C选项“disgrace”意为“使……失宠；给……丢脸；使……蒙受耻辱”；D选项“disperse”意为“分散；使散开；传播”。句意：当天空中的尘埃处于没有空气流动的高度时，它们要很多年才会消散。由题干可知，dustsintheskyareatlevelswherelittleairisinmotion（天空中的尘埃处于没有空气流动的高度），没有空气流动尘埃自然也不能飘动，所以要等很多年尘埃才能消散。因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Thepurposeofthelecturewasto（

）themassesoftheUnitedStateswiththeelementaryproblemsofLatinAmerica.

问题1选项

A.inform

B.acquaint

C.instruct

D.announce

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。inform“通知”；acquaint“了解”；instruct“通知，指导”；announce“宣布”。句意：讲座的目的是为了使美国大众了解拉丁美洲的基本问题。acquaintsb.withsth.“使某人了解某事”。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Traditionalforensicevidencehaslongplayedaroleincriminaljustice.Butcurrentlypoisedonthehorizonisanewgenerationofforensicsciencescapableofinvestigatingandinculpatingsuspectsonanorderofpowerfargreaterthanthataffordedbytraditionalforensictechniques.Thisarrayofexcitingnewmethods—suchasDNAtyping,datamining,biometrictechnologies,andforensicMRIimaging,representamarkedadvanceovertherudimentarytechniquesofold,andwillsurelystakeacentralandindispensableroleinthefutureadministrationofcriminaljustice.

Yettheexperienceoftraditionalforensicsciencesinthecriminaljusticesystemcautionagainstrushingtooquicklytoembracethesenewtechniques.Inrecentyears,thelegitimacyofevidentiarystalwartslikehandwriting,voiceexemplars,hairandfiber,biteandtoolmarks,andevenfingerprintshasbeenseriouslycalledintoquestion.Exonerationstudieshavedemonstratedtheshockingdegreetowhichthecriminaljusticesystemhashistoricallyfailedtopreventspurioussciencesandfaultyorfraudulentevidencefromservingtoconvictinnocentdefendants.Forexample,onestudyfoundthatdefectivescientificevidencecontributedtooverone-halfofwrongfullyobtainedconvictions.

Ofcourse,theunreliabilityoftraditionaltechniques,andthefailureofthecriminaljusticesystemtokeepoutsuchinvalidevidence,hasinlargepartbeenexposedthroughtheuseofthenew,morereliableforensictechniquessuchasDNAtyping.Accordingly,theconventionalwisdomtendstoassertthatthequalitiesthatmakenewmethodssodesirableandreliablewilllikewiserenderthesetechniqueslesssusceptible,ifnotwhollyimmune,fromtheproblemsthatplaguedtraditionalsciences.Manycriticsoftraditionalscienceshaveevenembracednewmethodologiesasofferinga“newscientificparadigm”forforensicevidence,oneinwhich“untestedassumptionsandsemi-informedguessworkisreplacedbyasoundscientificfoundationandjustifiableprotocols”.

Butitstandstoreasonthatasystemthatfailedtostemtheabuseofobviouslyfaultyformsofforensicevidencemightalsobewhollyill-equippedtosafeguardtheuseofmorerobust,complicatedformsofsuchevidence,bothintermsofassuringitsintegrityandoffosteringhealthyscientificdevelopment.Infact,asthisArticleargues,theverycharacteristicsthatmakethisnewgenerationofforensicevidencesopromisingserveonlytoenhancetheneedforconcernabouttheuseofsuchevidenceinthecriminaljusticesystem.

ErinMurphy:THENEWFORENSICS:CRIMINALJUSTICE,FALSECERTAINTY,

ANDTHESECONDGENERATIONOFSCIENTIFICEVIDENCE

79.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanewgenerationforensictechnology?

80.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphshowsthattheauthorthinksthat___.

81.Thebesttopicforthe3rdparagraphis___.

82.Thelastparagraphshowsthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthereliabilityofnewtechniquesis___.

问题1选项

A.DNAtyping

B.Mining

C.ForensicMRIimaging

D.Biometrictechnologies

问题2选项

A.thelegitimacyoftheoldevidentiarystalwartshasbeenseriouslycalledintoquestion

B.thecriminaljusticesystemhashistoricallyfailedtopreventspurioussciencesandfaultyorfraudulentevidencefromservingtoconvictinnocentdefendants

C.experienceoftraditionalforensicsciencesinthecriminaljusticesystemcautionagainstrushingtooquicklytoembracethesenewtechniques

D.theoldtechnologiesdonotworkanymore

问题3选项

A.TheNewTechniquesisWelcomebyMore,EventheCriticsoftheOldTechniques

B.TheUnreliabilityofTraditionalTechniquesisExposedthroughtheUseoftheNewTechniques

C.TheNewTechniquesareImmunefromtheProblemsoftheTraditionalSciences

D.TheNewMethodologiesOffera“NewScientificParadigm”forForensicEvidence

问题4选项

A.contradict

B.trustworthy

C.complimentary

D.suspicious

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】79.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字定位到第一段Thisarrayofexcitingnewmethods—suchasDNAtyping,datamining,biometrictechnologies,andforensicMRIimaging…（这一系列令人兴奋的新方法——如DNA分型、数据挖掘、生物识别技术和法医MRI成像……）可知A选项“DNA分型”，C选项“法医MRI成像”和D选项“生物技术”原文有提及；B选项“矿业”不属于原文提到的内容。因此B选项符合题意。

80.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段最后一句Forexample,onestudyfoundthatdefectivescientificevidencecontributedtooverone-halfofwrongfullyobtainedconvictions.（例如，一项研究发现，有缺陷的科学证据导致了超过一半的错误定罪），结合倒数第二句Exonerationstudieshavedemonstratedtheshockingdegreetowhichthecriminaljusticesystemhashistoricallyfailedtopreventspurioussciencesandfaultyorfraudulentevidencefromservingtoconvictinnocentdefendants.（关于免除罪的研究表明，刑事司法系统在历史上一直未能阻止伪科学和错误或欺诈性证据被判无罪的被告有罪，其程度令人震惊）可知最后一句是为了支持刑事司法系统未能防止伪科学和错误或欺诈性证据被判无罪这一观点的论据；选B选项“从历史上看，刑事司法系统未能防止伪科学和错误或欺诈性证据被判无罪”；A选项“老证据的正当性受到了严重的质疑”，C选项“传统法医学在刑事司法系统中的经验告诫人们不要急于接受这些新技术”以及D选项“旧的技术已经不起作用了”都属于过度推测，排除。因此B选项正确。

81.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段倒数第一句Manycriticsoftraditionalscienceshaveevenembracednewmethodologiesasofferinga“newscientificparadigm”forforensicevidence,oneinwhich“untestedassumptionsandsemi-informedguessworkisreplacedbyasoundscientificfoundationandjustifiableprotocols”.（许多传统科学的批评者甚至接受了新的方法论，为法医证据提供了一种“新的科学范式”，其中一个“未经检验的假设和半知情的猜测被一个健全的科学基础和正当的协议所取代”）以及第三段其他内容：新的司法鉴定技术的应用使传统技术的不可靠性和刑事审判制度无法阻止假证据的问题暴露无遗，传统观点认为，新技术可靠的特性同样也使这些技术免受传统科学遭遇到的问题的影响。许多对传统科学持批判态度的人也支持起新技术来，将它视为用于法医鉴定证据的新的科学范式，可以看出作者在这一段主要讨论的是D选项“新方法为法医证据提供了一种‘新的科学范式’”，同时可知B选项“新技术的使用暴露了传统技术的不可靠性”和A选项“新技术受到更多，甚至是旧技术的批评者的欢迎”以偏概全；以及C选项“新技术不受传统科学问题的影响”第三段未提及。因此D选项正确。

82.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】观点态度题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段Butitstandstoreasonthatasystemthatfailedtostemtheabuseofobviouslyfaultyformsofforensicevidencemightalsobewhollyill-equippedtosafeguardtheuseofmorerobust,complicatedformsofsuchevidence,bothintermsofassuringitsintegrityandoffosteringhealthyscientificdevelopment.（但是，一个未能制止滥用明显有缺陷的法医证据形式的制度，在确保证据的完整性和促进科学健康发展方面，也可能完全没有能力保障使用更有力、更复杂的证据形式）可知作者对于新技术的可靠性是有所怀疑的，选D选项“可疑”，同时可知B选项“值得信赖”错误；A选项“矛盾”以及C选项“免费”不符合原文。因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Excellentelementaryschools,openattitudestowardnewtechnology,premiumsforinventions,andageniusforcreativethinkinginteractwitheachotherontheUSmainlandandproducetheAmericancharacteristic,（）.

问题1选项

A.emanation

B.emulsion

C.emulation

D.emancipation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项emanation“发出，散发”；B选项emulsion“乳剂；乳液”；C选项emulation“仿真；效仿；竞争”；D选项emancipation“解放；释放”。句意：在美国本土，优秀的小学教育、对新技术的开放态度、对发明的奖励，以及空间思维天赋相互作用，造就了美国人的特征——竞争。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan____thesoundfromtheradio.

问题1选项

A.intensify

B.amplify

C.enlarge

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.intensify（使）加强；增强；加剧B.amplify放大；增强（声音等）

C.enlarge扩大；扩充D.reinforce加固

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：把这个旋钮向右转，你就可以……收音机的声音。对比选项，此处应该是放大收音机的声音。B选项指放大声音，符合语境，因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项intensify“（使）加强；增强；加剧”，指在程度或深度上增强，而句中指的是放大声音，并不是增强声音，该选项不符合语境；

C选项enlarge“扩大；扩充”，指使……变大，该处强调放大声音，C选项并没有特指放大声音。而B选项强调声音的放大，对比选项，B选项更合适；

D选项reinforce“加固”，指使坚固，尤指通过添加另一种材料使结构或材料更坚固，该选项不符合语境。

【句意】把这个旋钮向右转，你就可以放大收音机的声音。

6.单选题

Everyday,manypeoplecometovisitthe（

）oftheoldcastle.

问题1选项

A.location

B.highland

C.site

D.desert

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天都有人来参观城堡的遗址。location“场所”；highland“高低”；site“遗址”；desert“沙漠”。根据句意，选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

InBritainpeople______morethanfourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.

问题1选项

A.swallow

B.dispose

C.consume

D.exhaust

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项swallow“忍受；吞没；吞下；咽下”；B选项dispose“安置，安排；使……倾向于做；使对……产生某种感觉；扔掉，清除；应付，处理；击败”；C选项consume“消耗，消费；使……着迷；挥霍；耗尽（多指资源、财力的消耗），毁灭；耗尽生命”；D选项exhaust“使筋疲力尽；耗尽（多指体力的耗尽）；彻底探讨；排出”。句意：在英国，人们每年要消耗400多万吨土豆。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.Studiesdirectedatdescribingaggressivebehaviorandthesituationsthatelicitit,aswellasthesocialmechanismsthatcontrolit,werethereforeamongthefirstinvestigationsofmonkeys’socialbehavior.

Investigatorsinitiallybelievedthatmonkeyswouldcompeteforanyresourceintheenvironment:hungrymonkeyswouldfightoverfood,thirstymonkeyswouldfightoverwater,andingeneral,anytimemorethanonemonkeyinagroupsoughtthesameincentivesimultaneously,adisputewouldresultandwouldberesolvedthroughsomeformofaggression.However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.Indeed,fooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression.

Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.

Furthermore,accumulatingevidencefromlaterstudiesofavarietyofprimategroups,forexample,thestudyconductedbyBernstein,indicatesthatoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionistheintroductionofanintruderintoanorganizedgroup.Suchintroductionsresultinfarmoreseriousaggressionthanthatproducedinanyothertypesofexperimentscontrivedtoproducecompetition.

Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinter-animalrelationships.Whenasinglenewanimalisintroducedintoanexistingsocialorganization,thenewcomermeetsevenmoreseriousaggression,whereasinthefirstcaseaggressionestablishesasocialorderinthesecondcaseresidentanimalsmobtheintruder,therebyinitiallyexcludingthenewanimalfromtheexistingsocialunit.Thesimultaneousintroductionofseveralanimalslessenstheeffect,ifonlybecausethegroupdividesitsattentionamongthemultipletargets.If,however,theseveralanimalsintroducedtoagroupconstitutetheirownsocialunit,eachgroupmayfighttheopposinggroupasaunit;but,again,noindividualissubjectedtomassattack,andtheverycohesionofthegroupsprecludesprolongedindividualcombat.Thesubmissionofthedefeatedgroup,ratherthanunleashinguncheckedaggressiononthepartofthevictoriousgroup,reducesboththeintensityandfrequencyoffurtherattack.Monkeygroupsthereforeseemtobeorganizedprimarilytomaintaintheirestablishedsocialorderratherthantoengageinhostilitiesperse.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthefindingsreportedinthepassageabouttheeffectsoffooddeprivationonmonkeys’behavior?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,studiessuchasSouthwick’shadwhichofthefollowingeffectsoninvestigatorstheoriesaboutmonkeys'socialbehavior?

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinvestigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavebeenespeciallyinterestedinaggressivebehavioramongmonkeysbecause（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheestablishmentandpreservationofsocialorderamongagroupofmonkeysisessentialinorderto（

）.

6.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

问题1选项

A.advancinganewmethodologyforchangingamonkey’ssocialbehavior

B.comparingthemethodsofseveralresearchstudiesonaggressionamongmonkeys

C.explainingthereasonsforresearchers'interestinmonkeys'socialbehavior

D.discussingthedevelopmentofinvestigators’theoriesaboutaggressionamongmonkeys

问题2选项

A.Fooddeprivationhasnoeffectonaggressionamongmonkeys.

B.Fooddeprivationincreasesaggressionamongmonkeysbecauseoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionisthecompetitionforincentives.

C.Fooddeprivationmayincreaselong-timeaggressionamongmonkeysinalaboratorysetting,butitproducesonlytemporaryincreasesamongmonkeysinthewild.

D.Fooddeprivationmaytemporarilyincreaseaggressionamongmonkeys,butitalsoleadstoadecreaseinconflict.

问题3选项

A.Theycastdoubtoninvestigators'theoriesthatcouldaccountforobservedpatternsofaggressionamongmonkeys.

B.Theysuggestedthatexistingtheoriesabouttheroleofaggressionamongmonkeysdidnotfullyaccountforthemonkeys'abilitytomaintainanestablishedsocialorder.

C.Theyconfirmedinvestigators*theoriesaboutmonkeys’aggressiveresponsetocompetitionforfoodandwater

D.Theyconfirmedinvestigators’beliefsaboutthemotivationforcontinuedaggressionamongmonkeysinthesamesocialgroup

问题4选项

A.aggressionisthemostcommonsocialbehavioramongmonkeys

B.successfulcompetitionforincentivesdeterminesthesocialorderinamonkeygroup

C.mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem

D.situationsthatelicitaggressivebehaviorcanbestudiedinalaboratory

问题5选项

A.keepthemonkeysfromstrayingandjoiningothergroups

B.controlaggressivebehavioramonggroupmembers

C.preventthedominationofthatgroupbyanther

D.protectindividualsseekingtobecomemembersofthatgroupfrommassattack

问题6选项

A.Howdoesthereductionofspaceaffectintra-groupaggressionamongmonkeysinanexperimentalsetting?

B.Dofamilyunitswithinamonkeysocialgroupcompetewithotherfamilyunitsforfood?

C.Whatarethemechanismsbywhichthesocialorderofanestablishedgroupofmonkeyscontrolsaggressionwithinthatgroup?

D.Howdomonkeysengagedinaggressionwithothermonkeyssignalsubmission?

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

【解析】1.文章主要介绍了猴群侵略和敌对行为的研究理论。根据文章第一句，即本文的中心和主旨句：Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.研究猴子的社会行为的人总是被猴子的攻击潜力和因此而产生的对其攻击行为的社会控制的需要所震惊。确定D选项‘探讨研究人员关于猴子攻击性理论的发展‘正确。

2.根据文章第三段：Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.在极端缺乏食物的情况下，对野生动物的研究同样显示，饥饿的猴子几乎把所有可用的能量都用于觅食，几乎没有剩余的能量用于攻击性的互动。‘fooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression可知答案为D选项‘食物匮乏可能会暂时增加猴子的攻击性，但也会导致冲突减少。’正确。

3.根据文中第三段However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.然而，当像Southwick关于减少空间或食物储备的实验没有产生比群体内攻击性暂时增加更多的结果时，激励竞争的动机开始受到质疑。确定研究人员对Southwick’s的动机理论存在怀疑，而非涉及到社会秩序，所以A选项‘他们对研究人员的理论提出了质疑，这些理论可以解释猴子被观察到的攻击模式‘正确。

4.根据文章最后一段，可知猴群是等级秩序很严格的，猴子特别注重猴群内的等级，猴群对于外来者，往往会产生敌对行为，而对于外来者来说，也是对猴群的威胁，C选项‘mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem’符合题意。

5.根据文章最后一段：Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinter-animalrelationships.这些对入侵者的研究表明，同一物种的成年成员第一次相互介绍时表现出相当大的敌意，因为在缺乏社会秩序的情况下，必须建立一个人来控制动物间的关系。由此可知，此种行为是为了对动物内部行为进行有效控制，防止出现侵略性和敌对行为。所以B选项正确。

6.文章主要论述了通过实验研究猴群内等级地位，以及外来者的敌对和侵略行为。文章主要是压缩猴群的生存空间的研究对猴群的攻击以及侵略行为的影响等原因进行了说明。A选项‘在实验环境中，空间的减少如何影响猴子群体内的攻击性?’正确。B选项‘为争夺食物和其他猴群竞争’并没有涉及，C选项‘对机制建立控制猴群的侵略性行为‘也没有说明，D选项不正确。

9.单选题

Thelocalpeoplewerejoyfullysurprisedtofindthepricesofvegetablesnolonger（）accordingtotheweather.

问题1选项

A.evaluated

B.converted

C.fluctuated

D.modified

【答案】C

【解析】evaluated评估，估价；converted转变，改变；fluctuated波动；modified修改。句意：当地人发现蔬菜的价格不再随天气而波动，感到非常高兴和惊讶。选项C符合句意。

10.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtwotextscarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(1)Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideologythatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersex—bothphysicallyandemotionally.(2)Thus,theyarenaturallysuited,muchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awoman’splace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycaretakerroles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand,menarebestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,whereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobetheproviders;womenandchildrenare“dependents.”

(3)Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,socialworkers,elementaryschoolteachers,householdhelpers,andclerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen’sdomesticrole.Informaldistinctionsbetween“women’swork”and“men’swork”inthelaborforce,accordingtotheideology,aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexes.

(4)Finally,theideologysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwillinanothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmustregularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetherathomeorinthelaborforce,makethemostoftheirphysicalappearance.

Sogoestheideology.Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysex-definedrolesinsociallife.(5)Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthatdoexistarelargelylearned.

Buttothedegreepeopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendedformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety,sex-definedroleswillbeseenastotallyacceptable.

【答案】1.性别歧视是在生理由先天决定这一思想基础上产生的，并被其合理化。根据这一思想，生理和心理的基本差异存在于性别之中。

2.这样，女人天生比男人更加适合履行家庭职责。在通常情况下，女人的位置处于在家里这个被保护的环境中。

3.这种思想还认为，想要走出家庭到外面工作的女人自然就应该在那些适合她们性别的行业里的工作。

4.最后，这种思想还认为，自然以另一种显著的方式行使了自己的意志。人类要长远生存下来，它的成员必须有规律地繁衍。

5.有充足的证据表明，性别角色在不同的社会里是不同的，而且这些确实存在的角色差异大都是后天学来的。

11.翻译题

在大多数经济部门，都是卖家试图用价格、质量、用途等各种诱惑来吸引潜在的买家，而买家做出是否购买的决定。然而，在医疗产业，医患关系却是生产者和消费者之间一般关系的镜像（mirrorimage）。一旦一个人决定看医生的话，通常是医生做出所有重大的消费决定：患者是否下个星期一再来，是否需要X光透视，是否要开药，等等。

【答案】Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,qualityandutility,andthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Inmedicalindustry,however,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer.Onceanindividualdecidestoseeadoctor,thedoctorusuallymakesallsignificantdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturnnextMonday,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.

12.单选题

Formanypatients,institutionalcareisthemost______andbeneficialformofcare.

问题1选项

A.pertinent

B.appropriate

C.acute

D.persistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pertinent“（说话，话题等）切题的，（意见，建议等）相关的”；B选项appropriate“恰当的，适当的”；C选项acute“十分严重的，(疾病)急性的，灵敏的”；D选项persistent“持久的，持续的”。句意：对许多病人来说，机构护理是最适当和最有益的护理形式。

13.单选题

Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirstforittakes（）overalltheotherissues.

问题1选项

A.precedence

B.prosperity

C.presumption

D.probability

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项precedence“优先，居先”；B选项prosperity“繁荣，成功”；C选项presumption“放肆，傲慢”；D选项probability“可能性，机率”。句意：这个问题应该（）讨论，因为它比其他问题都重要。本句表示的是“这个问题应该优先讨论”，因此A选项符合题意。

14.单选题

TheEnglishnovelistWilliamThackerayconsideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerousthathecriticizedDickens’OliverTwistformakingthecharactersinthethieves’kitchenso（

）.

问题1选项

A.threatening

B.riveting

C.conniving

D.fearsome

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。threatening“危险的；胁迫的；凶兆的”；riveting“非常迷人的；吸引人的”；conniving“纵容的；默许的”；fearsome“可怕的；害怕的”。句意：英国小说家威廉•萨克雷认为对罪犯的狂热崇拜是相当危险的，所以他批评狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》让小偷厨房中的人物是如此吸引人。由consideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerous可知B项符合语境。正是由于作品中塑造的人物具有吸引力才让人崇拜。

15.单选题

HeknewnothingaboutBeijing;he______there.

问题1选项

A.mustn’thavegone

B.couldn’thavegone

C.mustn’thavebeen

D.couldn’thavebeen

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.mustn’thavegone肯定没有去过B.couldn’thavegone不可能去过

C.mustn’thavebeen肯定没有去过D.couldn’thavebeen不可能去过

【考查点】情态动词的用法。

【解题思路】按照句意“他对北京一无所知；他______那里”可知，空格处表示对前文的推测，他对北京一无所知，也就是说他不可能去过那里，couldn’t表示推测，been暗示旅程已结束，并已返回出发地，所以该题选择D项符合。

【干扰项排除】

A、C项mustn’t表示“禁止”的意思，不符合句意；

B项中的gone暗示旅程仍在进行中，未返回出发地，也不符合句意。

【句意】他对北京一无所知；他不可能去过那里。

16.单选题

Withaninitialinvestmentofonlytenthousanddollars,bothpartnershaveincreasedtheirmoney（）.

问题1选项

A.bytwothousandmore

B.bytwothousand

C.fortwothousandmore

D.fortwothousand

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。increaseby为固定搭配,

意为増加了...。句意：由于初始投资资金只有一万美元,

合作双方将他们的投资金额増加了两千美元。根据句意可知没有比较的意思,

所以不用more。选项B正确。

17.单选题

Thewizenedoldmaninthehomefortheagedwasstillactiveandenergetic.

问题1选项

A.tractable

B.textured

C.adept

D.shriveled

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项tractable“易于管教的；易驾驭的；易处理的；驯良的”；B选项textured“起纹理的；质地不平的；（艺术、文学、音乐等）有神韵的”；C选项adept“熟练的；擅长……的”；D选项shriveled“枯萎的”。句意：敬老院里那位干瘪的老人依然精神抖擞。wizened“干瘪的；枯萎的；消瘦的”。D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

18.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

北京奥运会弘扬了团结、友谊、和平的奥林匹克精神，成为世界各国人民共同见证的文化交流的盛会。北京奥运会的成功，是中国人民和世界各国人民共同努力的结果。荣誉属于国际奥林匹克大家庭，属于在比赛场上奋勇争先的运动员，属于来自世界各地的自愿者。北京奥运会的举办，将更加有力地促进中国体育事业向前发展，将更加广泛地促进中国同国际奥林匹克大家庭的交流合作，将更加深入地促进中国人民同世界各国人民的相互了解和友谊。

【答案】TheBeijingOlympicGameshaspromotedtheOlympicspiritofsolidarity,friendshipandpeace.Ithasbecomeagrandevenofculturalexchangeswitnessedbypeopleofthewholeworld.ThesuccessoftheBeijingOlympicGamesisattributabletotheconcertedeffortsoftheChinesepeopleandpeoplefromtherestoftheworld.TheglorygoestotheOlympicFamily,toathleteswhohavecompetedhard,tovolunteersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.ThehostingoftheBeijingOlympicGameswillgiveaboosttothefurtherdevelopmentofsportsinChina,promotemoreextensiveexchangesandcooperationbetweenChinaandtheInternationalOlympicFamilyandfurtherenhancethemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweentheChinesepeopleandpeopleofallothercountries.

19.单选题

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead,Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastotterImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn’tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft,too.Itwasasthoughtitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn't,ofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn’tcry.

1.Theauthorofthestoryhasbeeninsleepforthelastfewweeks.

2.