考研考博-英语-宁夏工业职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏工业职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone’smistakes.Itisextremelyhardtosometimestosayasimplethinglike“Iwaswrongaboutthat,”anditisevenhardertosay“Iwaswrong,andyouwererightaboutthat.”

Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.HetoldmehehadbeenthemanagerofacertaingrocerystoreintheneighborhoodwhereIgrewup,andheaskedmeifIrememberedtheeggcartons.ThenherelatedanincidentandIbegantoremembervaguelytheincidenthewasdescribing.

Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime,andIhadgoneintothestorewithmymothertodotheweeklygroceryshopping.Onthatparticularday,Imusthavefoundmywaytothedairyfooddepartmentwheretheincidenttookplace.

Theremusthavebeenaspecialsaleoneggsthatdaybecausetherewasanimpressivedisplayofeggsindozenandhalf-dozencartons.Thecartonswerestackedthreeorfourfeethigh.Imusthavestoppedinfrontofadisplaytoadmirethestacks.Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.Forsomereasons,Idecideditwasuptometoputthedisplaybacktogether,soIwenttowork.

Themanagerheardthenoise,andcamerushingovertoseewhathadhappened.Whenheappeared,Iwasonmykneesinspectingsomeofthecartonstoseeifanyoftheeggswerebroken,buttohimitlookedasthoughIwastheculprit(罪人).Heseverelyreprimandedmeandwantedmetopayforanybrokeneggs.Iprotestedmyinnocenceandtriedtoexplain,butitdidnogood.EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.

41.Howoldwastheauthorwhenhewrotethisarticle?

42.Whowastoblameforknockingoffthestacksofcartons?

43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

44.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

45.Thetoneofthearticleexpressestheauthor’s（）.

问题1选项

A.About8yearsold

B.About18yearsold

C.About23yearsold

D.About15yearsold

问题2选项

A.Theauthor

B.Themanager

C.Awoman

D.Theauthor’smother

问题3选项

A.Thewomanwhoknockedoffthestacksofcartonswasseriouslycriticizedbythemanager.

B.Theauthorwasseverelycriticizedbythemanager.

C.Awomancarelesslyknockedoffthestacksofcartons.

D.Itwastheauthorwhoputthedisplaybacktogether.

问题4选项

A.ItIsHardertoAdmitOne’sMistake

B.IWasOncetheCulprit

C.IRememberanIncident

D.ACaseofMistakenIdentity

问题5选项

A.angertothemanagerforhiswrongaccusation

B.admirationforthemanager’swillingnesstoadmitmistake

C.indignationagainstthewomanwhoknockedoffthestacksofcartons

D.regretforthemistakehemadeinthestore

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】41.推理判断题。定位在第二段第一句Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.（我最近有一次经历，一个人向我承认他在15年前犯了一个错误。）由本句开始作者开始谈及15年前发生的一件事情。随即我们看到第二段Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime.（我那时差不多8岁）作者的那段回忆发生在他8岁的时候，离现在已经过了15年，由此可以推断出作者现在应该在23岁左右。故选C，同理可排除ABD选项。

42.客观细节题。定位在第四段Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.（就在这时，一个顺道经过的女人，她的购物车撞倒了一堆纸箱）由此可知，纸箱盒是这个女人推倒的。A选项“作者”，B选项“经理”，C选项“女人”，D选项“作者的妈妈”，故选C。

43.推理判断题。定位在第五段Heseverelyreprimandedmeandwantedmetopayforanybrokeneggs.（他严厉地批评了我并且想让我赔付每一个碎了的鸡蛋。）因为作者才是那个被严厉批评的人。所以A选项“那个打翻一叠纸箱的女人受到经理的严厉批评”错误。B选项“作者受到了经理的严厉批评”正确。C选项“一个女人不小心把一叠纸箱撞倒了”正确。原文中Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.（就在这时，一个顺道经过的女人，她的购物车撞倒了一堆纸箱。）D选项“作者把它们摆放在了展柜上”根据原文Forsomereasons,Idecideditwasuptometoputthedisplaybacktogether,soIwenttowork.（出于某些原因，我决定由我将它们再摆放好，于是我开始了工作。）BCD选项全部正确，故选A。

44.主旨大意题。文章第一句Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone’smistakes.（令大多数人钦佩另一个人的一个品质就是愿意承认自己的错误。）本文开始讲到了能够积极地承认错误是令人值得钦佩的品质。接下来就主要讲述了作者15年前因为一场误会而被批评的故事。A选项“很难承认自己的错误”，只是一小部分的陈述，不够全面。B选项“我曾是罪魁祸首”，以偏概全。C选项“我记得那次的小插曲”定位在最后一句EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.（尽管我很快就把这件事忘得一干二净，但经理显然没有。）所以C不正确。D选项“一个被误解的事例”，是对全文的一个总的概括，由这个事例具体展开，阐述愿意承认错误的优良品质。故选D。

45.推理判断题。文章的第一段第一句，作者就有指出Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone’smistakes.（令大多数人钦佩另一个人的一个品质就是愿意承认错误。）EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.（尽管我很快就把这件事忘得一干二净，但经理显然没有。）隔了15年，那位经理再见到作者的时候还愿意承认自己过去的错误，由此也能够了解到作者对他的这种行为是钦佩的，B选项“赞赏经理愿意承认犯过的错误”正确。A选项“对经理的错误指责感到愤怒”，C选项“对撞倒一堆纸箱的女人表示愤慨”，AC选项在文中并未体现，属于主观猜测。D选项“为他在店里犯下的错误而后悔”，由第一题可知，是经理主动承认错误，作者并没有错。故选B。

2.单选题

Yourexaminationresultswerequitesatisfactory,but（

）ifyouhadspentlesstimeinplayingfootball?

问题1选项

A.wouldn’ttheyhavebeenbetter

B.wouldn’ttheybebetter

C.won’ttheyhavebeenbetter

D.won’ttheybebetter

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用wouldhavedone（been）形式，因此选A。句意：你的考试成绩很令人满意，但是，如果你少花点时间踢球的话，成绩不更好吗？

3.翻译题

Althoughourunderstandingoflearningisstillnotcomplete,agreatdealisknown.Learninghasmanydifferentformsandtakesplaceundermanyconditions.Ingeneral,itinvolvesachangeinbehavior.Whenachangeinbehaviortakesplaceasaresultoflearning,thechangeisusuallyalong-lastingone.Learningmaymeanthatanumberofsmallindependentactsarearrangedinaneworder.Thishappens,forexample,whenyoulearntoplayanewpieceonthepiano.

【答案】尽管我们对“学习”的理解不尽完善，然而我们对此已有不少了解。“学习”可以呈现不同的形式，也可以在许多情况下进行。一般来说，“学习”必然会引起行为的变化。“学习”导致人们行为发生变化时，这种变化常能持久。“学习”也许意味着对一系列细小而不相关的行为按新的顺序重新排列。就好比你在钢琴上学习弹奏一首新的曲子。

4.单选题

Ifaschoolpostsastudent’snameandtestscorewithoutobtainingstudent（orparental）consent,itcan（）FERPA,afederallawthatprotectstheprivacyofstudenteducationrecords.

问题1选项

A.verify

B.vilify

C.violate

D.vibrate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项verify表示“核实，查证”；B选项vilify表示“诽谤，中伤，轻视”；C选项violate表示“违反，侵犯”；D选项vibrate表示“振动，颤动，摇摆”。由句意可知，如果学校在没有得到学生（或家长）同意的情况下公布学生的姓名和考试成绩，它就违反了联邦法律。因此，violate的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。

5.单选题

Afterhisrecoveryfromillness,heisdeterminedto（）whathehadbeendoingtoattainthegoal.

问题1选项

A.assume

B.consume

C.presume

D.resume

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析。assume假定，设想；consume消费，挥霍；presume假定，推测；resume继续，重新开始。句意：大病初愈后，他决心继续以前所做的以达到目标。选项D符合语境。

6.翻译题

AsTechnologyGetsBetter,WillSocietyGetWorse?Imaginethattwopeoplearecarvingasix-footslabofwoodatthesametime.Oneisusingahand-chisel,theother,achainsaw.Ifyouareinterestedinthefutureofthatslab,whomwouldyouwatch?

Thischainsaw/chisellogichasledsometosuggestthattechnologicalevolutionismoreimportanttohumanity’snearfuturethanbiologicalevolution,nowadays,itisnotthebiologicalchiselbutthetechnologicalchainsawthatismostquicklyredefiningwhatitmeanstobehumanThedevicesweusechangethewaywelivemuchfasterthananycontestamonggenes.We’retheblockofwood,evenif,asIwroteinJanuary,sometimeswedon’tevenfullynoticethatwe’rechanging.

1.Assumingthatwereallyareevolvingaswewearorinhabitmoretechnologicalprosthetics—likeever-smarterphones,helpfulglasses,andbrainycars—here’sthebigquestion:Willthattypeofevolutiontakeusindesirabledirections,asweusuallyassumebiologicalevolutiondoes?

Some,liketheWiredfounderKevinKelly,believethattheanswerisaresounding“yes”.Inhisbook“WhatTechnologyWants”.Kellywrites:2.“Technologywantswhatlifewants;Increasingefficiency;Increasingopportunity;Increasingemergence;Increasingcomplexity;Increasingdiversity;Increasingspecialization;Increasingubiquity;Increasingfreedom;Increasingmutualism;Increasingbeauty;Increasingsentience;Increasingstructure;Increasingevolvability.”

Wecantestthe“Increasing”theorybytakingaquicktripupnorth,toanisolatedareasouthoftheHudsonBay.HerelivetheOji-Cree,apeople,numberingaboutthirtythousand,whoinhabitacoldanddesolatelandroughlythesizeofGermany.Formuchofthetwentiethcentury,theOji-Creelivedatatechnologicallevelthatcanbedescribedasrelativelysimple.Asnomads,theylivedintentsduringthesummer,andincabinsduringthewinter.Snowshoes,dogsleds,andcanoeswerethemainmodesoftransportation,usedtotrackandkillfish,rabbits,andmooseforfood.AdoctorwhoworkedwiththeOji-Creeinthenineteen-fortieshasnotedtheabsenceofmentalbreakdownsorsubstanceabusewithinthepopulationobservingthat“thepeoplelivedarugged,rigorouslifewithplentyofexercise.”theOji-Creeinvariablyimpressedforeignerswiththeirvigorandstrength.Anothervisitor,inthenineteen-fifties,wroteoftheir“ingenuity,courage,andself-sacrifice,”nothingthat,intheNorth,“onlythosepreparedtofacehardshipandmakesacrificescouldsurvive.”

TheOji-CreehavebeenincontactwithEuropeansettlersforcenturies,butitwasonlyinthenineteen-sixties,whentrucksbeganmakingthetripnorth,thatnewertechnologiesliketheinternalcombustionengineandelectricityreallybegantoreachtheareas.TheOji-Creeeagerlyembracedthesenewtools.Inourlingo,wemightsaythattheywentthrougharapidevolution,advancingthroughhundredsofyearsoftechnologyinjustafewdecades.

Thegoodnewsisthat,nowadays,theOji-Creenolongerfacethethreatofwinterstarvation,whichregularlykilledpeopleinearliertimes.Theycanmoreeasilyimportandstorethefoodtheyneed,andtheyenjoypleasureslikesweetsandalcohol.Lifehasbecomemorecomfortable.Theconstantlaborofcanoeingorsnowshoeinghasbeeneliminatedbyoutboardenginesandsnowmobiles.Televisionmadeitnorthinthenineteen-eighties,andhasprovedenormouslypopular.

But,inthemain,theOji-Creestoryisnotahappyone.3.Sincethearrivalofnewtechnologies,thepopulationhassufferedamassiveincreaseinmorbidobesity,heartdisease,andType2diabetes.Socialproblemsarerampant;idleness,alcoholism,drugaddiction,andsuicidehavereachedsomeofthehighestlevelsonearth.Diabetes,inparticular,hasbecomesocommon(affectingfortypercentofthepopulation)thatresearcherthinkthatmanychildren,afterexposureinthewomb,arebornwithanincreasedpredispositiontothedisease.Childhoodobesityiswidespread,andten-year-oldssometimesappearmiddle-aged.Recently,theChiefofasmallOji-CreecommunityestimatedthathalfofhisadultpopulationwasaddictedtoOxyContinorotherpainkiller.

Technologyisnottheonlycauseofthesechanges,butscientistshavemadeclearthatitisadrivingfactor.Inprevioustimes,theOji-Creelifestylerequireddailyworkoutsthatrivaledthoseofaprofessionalathlete.“Intheearly20thcentury,”writesoneresearcher,"walkingupto100km/daywasnotuncommon.”Butthosedaysareover,replacedbymoderncomforts.Despitetheintroductionofmodernmedicine,thehealthoutcomesoftheOji-Creehavedeclinedinwaysthatwillnotbeeasytoreverse.TheOji-Creeareliterallybeingkilledbytechnologicaladvances.

TheOji-Creeareanunusualcase.Itcantakeasocietytimetoadjusttonewtechnologies,andthegrouphasalsosufferedothertraumas,likecolonizationandthedestructionofculturalcontinuity.Nonetheless,thestoryoffersanimportantwarningforthehumanrace.Theproblemwithtechnologicalevolutionisthatitisunderourcontroland,unfortunately,wedon’talwaysmakethebestdecisions.

4.Thisisalsotheprincipaldifferencebetweentechnologicalandbiologicalevolution.Biologicalevolutionisdrivenbysurvivalofthefittest,asadaptivetraitsarethosethatmakethesurvivalandreproductionofapopulationmorelikely.Itisn’tperfect,butatleast,inaroughway,itfavorsorganismswhoareadaptedtotheirenvironments.

Technologicalevolutionhasadifferentmotiveforce.Itisself-evolution,anditisthereforedrivenbywhatwewantasopposedtowhatisadaptive.Inamarketeconomy,itisevenmorecomplex:formostofus,ourtechnologicalidentitiesaredeterminedbywhatcompaniesdecidetosellbasedonwhattheybelievewe,asconsumers,willpayfor.Asaspecies,weoftenaren’tmuchdifferentfromtheOji-Cree.Comfort-seekingmissiles,wespendthemosttominimizepainandmaximizepleasure.Whenitcomestotechnologies,wemainlywanttomakethingseasy.Nottobebored.Oh,andmaybetolookabityounger.

Ourwill-to-comfort,combinedwithourtechnologicalpowers,createsastarkpossibility.Ifwe’renotcareful,ourtechnologicalevolutionwilltakeustowardnotasingularitybutasofalarity.That’safuturedefinednotbyanevolutiontowardsuperintelligencebutbytheabsenceofdiscomforts.

Thesofalarity(picturedmemorablyinthefilm“Wall-E”isnotinevitableeither.Buttheprospectofitmakesclearthat,asaspecies,weneedmechanismtokeephumanitynotrack.5.Thetechnologyindustry,whichdoessomuchtodefineus,hasadutytocatertoourmorecompleteselvesratherthanjustournarrowinterests.Ithasboththeopportunityandthemeanstoreachforsomethinghigher.And,asconsumers,weshouldrememberthatourcollectivedemandsdriveourdestinyasaspecies,anddefinetheposthumancondition.

【答案】1.假设当我们用更多的科技手段——比如越来越智能的手机，方便的眼镜和智能汽车——来弥补自身不足时，我们确实也在进化，一个重大问题就出现了：这样的进化能否像生物进化那样，把我们带向更加美好的未来？

2.科技想要的就是生活想要的：增进效率、机会、新事物，增强复杂性、增进多元化、增强专业度、增进普遍化、增强自由度、增强协作、增添美丽、增强感官能力、增强条理性、增强人的进步能力。

3.自新技术出现以后，这里的人们就饱受肥胖症、心脏病和第二型糖尿病的折磨。社会问题也蔓延猖獗：失业率、嗜酒率、吸毒率以及自杀率飙升，有些甚至达到了世界最高水平。糖尿病变得尤其普遍(影响着40%的人口)，研究者们认为许多儿童由于在子宫中就受到影响，生来就有更严重的糖尿病倾向。

4.这也是技术与生物进化的主要区别，生物进化是以优胜劣汰为驱动力的，因为适应性特征使生物种群生存和繁殖的可能性更大，它不是完美的，但至少在以一个大致的方式进行，它对适应环境的生物是有利的。

5.科技产业对我们来说非常重要，它有责任来满足我们真正的自我，而非我们狭隘的嗜好。科技产业有机会也有能力取得更高的成就。另外，作为消费者的我们也应该牢记，我们的共同需求推动着我们作为人类物种的命运，决定着新一代人类的未来。

7.单选题

ThecareerIhavechosen（）opportunitiesyetitisfraughtwithheartbreak,despairandhardship.

问题1选项

A.isladenwith

B.islackof

C.isburdenedwith

D.isinwantof

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。beladenwith“满载，充满”；belackof“缺乏”；beburdenedwith“使重负”；beinwantof“需要”。句意：我选择的职业充满机会，然而也充满的心碎、绝望和艰辛。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Tomorrowwewill______ourdayofindependence.

问题1选项

A.favor

B.expose

C.roar

D.celebrate

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项favor“较喜欢，选择”；B选项expose“（尤指对令人震惊或故意保密的事实的）陈述”；C选项roar“叫喊，大声地说”；D选项celebrate“庆祝，庆贺”。句意：明天我们会______我们的独立日。根据语境，这里表达的是在独立日会做什么，D选项celebrate“庆祝”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypesoftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,IrvineledtheresearchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.“Thesefindingssuggestedthathumanevolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedforequallyintelligentbehavior,”saidHaier,addingthat,“bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.”

TheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournalNeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthisstudymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco-authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics,Jungsaid,whilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferentactivitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellonbroadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.

Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.Thismatchesupwellwithclinicaldatathatshowsfrontallobedamageinwomentobemuchmoredestructivethanthesametypeofdamageinmen.BothHaierandJunghopethatthisresearchwillsomedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosebraindisordersinmenandwomenearlier,aswellasprovidehelpdesigningmoreeffectiveandprecisetreatmentsforbraindamage.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtoparagraph1?

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,thisdiscoveryissignificantbecause________.

23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutgraybrainmatter?

24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutwhitebrainmatter?

25.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhat________.

问题1选项

A.Thebrainisamonolithicorgan.

B.Intellectualabilitydependsonwhichpartofthebrainisused.

C.Intellectualabilityvariesbetweenmenandwomen.

D.Theanatomyofmen’sbrainsandwomen’sbrainsdiffer.

问题2选项

A.itisnecessarytounderstandtheanatomyofthebrainwhendealingwithdiseasesthataffectthoughtprocesses

B.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligent

C.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligentoverall,butspecializeindifferentwaysofthinking

D.manydiseasesofthebrainarespecifictogenderortheother

问题3选项

A.Ithelpsputtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

B.Itisusedforprocessinginformation.

C.Thereislessofitinmen’sbrains.

D.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofgraybrainmatterandmathematicalability.

问题4选项

A.Womenhavemoreofitthanmen.

B.Itisusedforputtingtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

C.Thereisdirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofwhitebrainmatterandlinguisticability.

D.Theamountofwhitebrainmatterisnotdirectlyrelatedtooverallintelligence.

问题5选项

A.menandwomenareequallyintelligent

B.menandwomenhavedifferentfrontallobes

C.headinjuriescanhavevariedeffects,accordingtowhetherapersonismaleorfemale

D.theresearchwillbeusefultootherscientists

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.（根据一项新的研究，男人和女人的想法确实不同，至少在大脑解剖方面是这样。），可知男女在大脑结构上不同，所以D选项“男性大脑和女性大脑的解剖结构不同”正确。A选项“大脑是一个整体器官”：文章没有单独提出来，故错误。B选项“智力能力取决于大脑的哪一部分被使用了”，C选项“男人和女人的智力不同”：根据第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（这项新研究表明，男性用灰质思考更多，而女性用白质思考更多。研究人员强调，仅仅因为男女思维方式不同，并不会影响智力表现。），可知男女的智力没有不同，也不会因为使用大脑方式的不同而产生智力差距，故错误。因此D选项正确。

22.事实细节。根据第二段最后一句Thesefindingssuggestedthat…bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.（这些发现表明……通过精确定位这些基于性别的智能区域，这项研究有可能帮助研究痴呆和其他大脑认知障碍疾病。），可知这个对大脑结构发现的现实意义是可以用来帮助治疗大脑认知障碍的疾病，所以A选项“在处理影响思维过程的疾病时，有必要了解大脑的解剖结构”正确。B选项“它表明男人和女人是同样聪明的”和C选项“它表明男人和女人在整体上同样聪明，但思考方式不同”：根据第二段第二句Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.（他们的研究结果显示，总体而言，男性与智力有关的灰质是女性的近6.5倍，而女性与智力有关的白质是男性的近10倍。），这表明男女思考方式不同，但并不能表明男女智力一样，故错误。D选项“许多大脑疾病跟特定性别或其他因素有关”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

23.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人脑中，灰质代表着信息处理中心，而白质则负责将这些处理中心连接起来。），可知灰质用来处理信息，所以B选项“用来处理信息”正确，A选项“有助于将来自大脑不同部位的信息整合在一起”是白质的功能，故错误。C选项“男人的大脑中没有那么多”：根据第二段第二句menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen（男性与智力有关的灰质是女性的近6.5倍），可知男性的灰质更多，故错误。D选项“大脑灰质的数量和数学能力之间有直接的关系”：根据第三段倒数第二句Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics（例如，男性在需要更多本地化处理的任务上表现得更好，比如数学），用灰质思考更多的男性在数学方面表现更好，不代表灰质数量和数学的直接关系，故错误。因此B选项正确。

24.推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句womenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills（女性在整合和吸收来自大脑分布灰质区域的信息方面表现得更好，这有助于语言技能），这里没有表明白质和语言能力的直接关系，所以C选项“脑白质的数量和语言能力之间有直接的关系”不符合文章意思，正确。A选项“女性比男性拥有更多”：根据第二段第二句womenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen（女性与智力有关的白质是男性的近10倍），可知符合文章意思，故错误。B选项“是用来把来自大脑不同部位的信息放在一起”：根据第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人脑中，灰质代表着信息处理中心，而白质则负责将这些处理中心连接起来。），可知符合文章意思，故错误。D选项“脑白质的数量与整体智力没有直接关系”：根据第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（这项新研究表明，男性用灰质思考更多，而女性用白质思考更多。研究人员强调，仅仅因为男女思维方式不同，并不会影响智力表现。），可知脑白质数量和智力没有直接关系，符合文章意思，故错误。因此C选项正确。

25.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.（这项研究还揭示了为什么不同类型的头部损伤对男性或女性更具灾难性。），可知头部受伤对男女的影响可能不同，所以C选项“根据性别不同，头部受伤可能有不同的影响”正确。B选项“男人和女人有不同的额叶”：根据第四段第二句Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.（例如，女性额叶中84%的灰质区域和86%的白质区域与智力活动有关，而男性的额叶中这两个区域的比例分别为45%和零。），这里说的是男女额叶在灰质与白质结构上的不同，而不是说男女额叶本身的不同，故错误。A选项“男性和女性一样聪明”和D选项“这项研究将对其他科学家有用”：最后一段没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

（）I’llmarryhimallthesame.

问题1选项

A.Washerichorpoor

B.Whetherrichorpoor

C.Wereherichorpoor

D.Beherichorpoor

【答案】D

【解析】语法题——考查虚拟语气。D选项这是省略whether后的让步状语从句，从句用了省略should虚拟语气，省略whether后，句子要倒装，原句等于whetherhe(should）berichorpoor...，谓语动词提前时要用从句谓语原形动词即be，排除A、C项；而B选项省略错误，逻辑主语发生了变化。句意：不管他是穷是富，我都要嫁给他。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

Heisstrugglingtomoveonafter___emotionalandhealthproblems.

问题1选项

A.abundleof

B.apartof

C.aseriesof

D.abunchof

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.abundleof一束B.apartof一部分

C.aseriesof一系列的；一连串的D.abunchof一群

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】这里的短语用来形容“情感和健康问题”，C选项aseriesof“一系列的”表示一系列的，符合句子逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】在经历了一系列情感和健康问题后，他正在努力向前看。

12.单选题

Theyear1995washeraldedasthebeginningofthe“NewEconomy.”Digitalcommunicationwassettoupendmarketsandchangeeverything.Buteconomistsbyandlargedidn’tbuyintothehype.Itwasn’tthatwedidn’trecognizethatsomethingchanged.Itwasthatwerecognizedthattheoldeconomicslensremainedusefulforlookingatthechangestakingplace.Theeconomicsofthe“NewEconomy”couldbedescribedatahighlevel:Digitaltechnologywouldcauseareductioninthecostofsearchandcommunication.Thiswouldleadtomoresearch,morecommunication,andmoreactivitiesthatgotogetherwithsearchandcommunication.That’sessentiallywhathappened.

Todayweareseeingsimilarhypeaboutmachineintelligence.Butonceagain,aseconomists,webelievesomesimplerulesapply.Technologicalrevolutionstendtoinvolvesomeimportantactivitybecomingcheap,likethecostofcommunicationorfindinginformation.Machineintelligenceis,initsessence,apredictiontechnology,sotheeconomicshiftwillcenteraroundadropinthecostofprediction.

Thefirsteffectofmachineintelligencewillbetolowerthecostofgoodsandservicesthatrelyonprediction.Thismattersbecausepredictionisaninputtoahostofactivitiesincludingtransportation,agriculture,healthcare,energymanufacturing,andretail.

Whenthecostofanyinputfallssoprecipitously,therearetwootherwell-establishedeconomicimplications.First,wewillstartusingpredictiontoperformtaskswherewepreviouslydidn’t.Second,thevalueofotherthingsthatcomplementpredictionwillrise.

Asmachineintelligencelowersthecostofprediction,wewillbegintouseitasaninputforthingsforwhichweneverpreviouslydid.Forexample,withthetechnologicaladvanceinsemiconductors,thecostofcalculationdroppedsignificantly,soactivitiesforwhicharithmeticwasakeyinputbecamemuchcheaper.Consequently,inphotography,weshiftedfromafilm-oriented,chemistry-basedapproachtoadigital-oriented,arithmetic-basedapproach.

Whenthecostofafoundationalinputplummets,itoftenaffectsthevalueofotherinputs.Thevaluegoesupforcomplementsanddownforsubstitutes.Inthecaseofphotography,thevalueofthehardwareandsoftwarecomponentsassociatedwithdigitalcameraswentupasthecostofarithmeticdroppedbecausedemandincreased—wewantedmoreofthem.Thesecomponentswerecomplementstoarithmetic;theywereusedtogether.Incontrast,thevalueoffilm—relatedchemicalsfell—wewantedlessofthem.

Asmachineintelligenceimproves,thevalueofhumanpredictionskillswilldecreasebecausemachinepredictionwillprovideacheaperandbettersubstituteforhumanprediction,justasmachinesdidforarithmetic.However,thisdoesnotspelldoomforhumanjobs,asmanyexpertssuggest.That’sbecausethevalueofhumanjudgmentskillswillincrease.Usingthelanguageofeconomics,judgmentisacomplementtopredictionandthereforewhenthecostofpredictionfallsdemandforjudgmentrises.We’llwantmorehumanjudgment.

Forexample,whenpredictionischeap,diagnosiswillbemorefrequentandconvenient,andthuswe’lldetectmanymoreearly-stage,treatableconditions.Thiswillmeanmoredecisionswillbemadeaboutme